Introduction reathing is the most vital function in living beings. When breathing happens in a disordered manner in human beings, that may be the first sign that we are experiencing some dysfunction, whether mechanical, physiological, or psychological (CLIFTONSMITH and ROWLEY, 2011).

One respiratory dysfunction that gets scientific attention due to its complexity is the hyperventilation syndrome (HVS). This syndrome is characterized by a set of somatic symptoms induced by inadequate hyperventilation, which may be reproduced completely or partially, by voluntary hyperventilation (RAPIN et al., 2017). According to Lum (1987), hyperventilation may have symptoms similar to asthma. Therefore, it is necessary to distinguish one of the other, as the treatment of hyperventilation is curable and the procedures for achieving successful treatment differ in approach, mechanisms, and orientation. However, the lack of studies that state treatment efficacy is still a problem (RAPIN et al., 2017;VIDOTTO et al., 2019).

HVS may be due to organic or physiological conditions, but its main cause may be related to psychological and behavioral factors (VIDOTTO et al., 2019). Increasingly, in our society, we find case reports of people suffering from anxiety, depression, perfectionism, feelings of inferiority, and others who, usually in times of crisis, may be associated with respiratory disorders such as hyperventilation. Thus, Vidotto et al. ( 2019) even suggest that it is necessary to create a multidimensional holistic assessment (biochemical, physiological, social, psychological, respiratory symptoms) for the accurate diagnosis of respiratory dysfunction. In this sense, the treatment proposed for HVS should also address the multidimensional holistic aspect, in order to evaluate its effectiveness.

Therefore, the present study aims to highlight, based on the available scientific evidence, how G.D.S. can collaborate as a treatment of HVS and bring new perspectives on the subject.

It is a systematic literature review. We used the keywords "hyperventilation," "respiratory dysfunction," "exercise," "psychological-behavioral," "GDS method" in Pubmed ® and Scielo ® databases in Portuguese, French, Spanish, and English, considering articles of the last ten years. Most recent and mentioned review or experimental papers were selected, with at least two of the keywords searched in the present study.

Except for the keyword "G.D.S method," which only led to two articles, all others presented numerous papers screened according to the methodology adopted in the present study (Table 1). Thus, we highlight the originality of the present study, since, so far, no investigation had been done correlating these keywords or themes.

Dysfunctional breathing and reaching one's physiological limit as causes of exercise-induced dyspnoea "Clarity in our approach to dysfunctional breathing is vital if funding is to be made available for high-quality studies designed to identify the prevalence and the potential healthcare cost-saving and improvements in QoL that would follow from accurate assessment and intervention." "Finally, the treatment of patients with RD needs to be further investigated, not only because of the lack of a diagnostic tool that allows consistent recruitment of participants but also because of the scarcity of RCTs that test well-defined protocols for this group of patients."

The biochemical components and physiological effects of the hyperventilation syndrome are well understood by the authors in their articles, even in previous studies such as George's, (1964), Lum's, (1987) and Chaitow's, (2004).

Hyperventilation causes an increase in ventilation rate. The exhalation rate of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) exceeds the accumulated rate in tissues, causing a decrease in CO 2 and an increase in body pH, producing respiratory alkalosis (CHAITOW, 2004). According to Chaitow (2004), this induces vasoconstriction, decreasing blood flow and inhibiting hemoglobin transfer (from oxygen to cell tissue due to the Bohr effect), and inevitably muscles end up being affected by fatigue, dysfunction, and trigger points.

On the other hand, some authors show different opinions about the relationship between psychological and behavioral factors and hyperventilation. Lum (1987) addresses the behavioral factors as symptoms caused by hyperventilation, i.e., a somatopsychic pathway. Vidotto et al. ( 2019) discuss a psychosomatic one, where psychological and behavioral factors would be the main causes of hyperventilation. Regardless of the route, everyone should consider psychosomatic aspects, from biomechanical dysfunction to unstable emotions to resolve hyperventilation. Perhaps this is why some studies such as Jones et al. (2013) did not find lots of clear and positive results about exercise in the treatment of hyperventilation.

According to Rapin et al. (2017), the most appropriate technique apparently would be abdominal ventilation with respiratory rate regulation, combined with an individualized therapeutic education. According to Campignion (1998), however, only abdominal ventilation happens only when the body adopts a resting breath. In this sense, it is paramount to adopt some relaxation or even reprogram the mechanical ventilation at the most active moment as well. There are several breathing techniques and approaches aimed at improving ventilation. In hyperventilation, according to Szulczewski (2019), the slow breathing exercise favors the reduction of the picture. Still, not all people can breathe slowly because of mechanical difficulties, making something that should be pleasurable to accomplish, something unpleasant. This view stimulates future research, as there are still scientific gaps on the subject of hyperventilation, evaluation, and appropriate exercise. In the same way, it is relevant the need for more scientific investigation Philippe Campignion's approach, given the lack of articles on such an important subject. This proposal not Philippe Campignion has developed his extensive work on the physiology of respiratory mechanics from a range of concepts. Based on Françoise Mézières's maxim, "Breathing is not taught or learned, it is released," as well as Godelieve Denys-Struyf's work on muscle and articulation chains. Her view that "each individual adopts a body attitude that is his or her own and derives from his or her psychological and behavioral experience" was the starting point for the study of the relationship between different postures and respiratory biomechanical behavior, taking into account the associated morphological diversity, especially regarding the shape and positioning of the chest. She then established the different respiratory typologies described in her work: chest blocked in inspiratory position, chest with large anteroposterior diameter, paradoxical chest with a small anteroposterior diameter and large lateral diameter, chest expired or chest with small diameter, asthenic chest (CAMPIGNION, 1998). Philippe Campignion uses these concepts for both evaluation and exercise proposal for each typology, respecting the individuality of each patient. The purpose of this approach is to release mechanical barriers, if there is any, and to reprogram the well-coordinated mechanics, thus contributing to proper respiratory physiology.

Biomechanical aspects are also fundamental in his work, as she reports the predispositions in case of the permanence of mechanical barriers and the relationship between the diaphragm and the visceral system (CAMPIGNION, 1998).

This information is interesting because gastrointestinal and circulatory dysfunctions and other problems that may arise concomitantly with hyperventilation may be of psychological and behavioral origin, with biomechanical consequences.