Tablet Swasvin D Vyro (Virofight) -A Proven Solution for any Viral Infection, Immunity and Inflammation

Table of contents

1. I.

Background urvival of the fittest' is the phrase what Darwinism theory of evolution said, indicating the natural selection. In the world of microorganisms that attacks the human body in various ways, if we are fit, our immunity is good, and we can easily tackle them. The Immune system protects from infection; in short it acts as physical barrier and prevents from external pathogens like bacteria and viruses. The first response of the immune system to the infection is Inflammation. This inflammation is produced by eicosanoids and cytokines, which are released by injured or infected cells. Common cytokines include interleukins that are responsible for communication between white cells; chemokine promotes chemo taxis and interferon that have anti-viral effects 1 .

Viral infections commonly affect both the respiratory tract, upper and lower respiratory tract. The respiratory infections are commonly classified clinically according to syndrome common cold, bronchitis, croup, pneumonia 2 . The viruses mostly act through a direct invasion of epithelial cells of the respiratory mucosa. There is an increase in both leucocytes infiltration and nasal secretions, includes proteins and immunoglobulin, suggesting cytokines and immune mechanisms may be responsible 3 .

The immune modulation with Ayurvedic formulations as a possible therapeutic measures is need of the hour nowadays. The ancient Indian medicinal system of Ayurveda has a scope of treating many diseases by the theory of Rasayana, in other terms called preparations from plant or herbal source, including immune-modulatory properties 4 .The basic concept of immune modulation practiced by Ayurvedic practitioners for centuries, as it was mentioned in Ayurvedic ancient literature and Samhitas. The goal of immune enhancement achieved by Ayurveda charyas by the use of the Rasayana concept. The toxic byproducts of impaired digestion is called Aama, which clog the micro channels (Strotas) are considered as pathogenesis of Inflammation. The herbs, which improve the process of digestion, digest the Aama and purifies the micro channels is considered as an antiinflammatory. There are many such ayurvedic herbs, and herbal combinations are available in ayurvedic literature, which is being used since ancient times to treat many acute as well as chronic inflammatory diseases. When all consumed elements of the food not digested properly, it forms Aama, this forms Abnormal Digestive juice (Sama Aahar rasa), which in term produces cells that are abnormal, and these abnormal cells are virus and other pathogens 23 .

In this article, we want to validate the immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory anti-viral role of Tablet Swasvin D vyro (Virofight) manufactured by Ayushakti Ayurveda Pvt Ltd with the reference of some previous work done.

2. II.

3. Name of Herbal Combination

4. Tinospora Cardifolia

The ethanol extract of Tinospora studied on delayed-type hypersensitivity, humoral response to sheep red sheep cells, skin allograft rejection, and phagocytic activity of the reticuloendothelial system in mice and found that Tinospora cordifolia improved the phagocytic function without affecting the humeral or cellmediated immune system 5 . T. cardifolia growing on Azadiracta indiaca possesses immunomodulatory potential 6 .T. cardifolia stimulates macrophages through TLR6 signaling and NF kappa B translocation, leading to cytokine production 7 .Immunomodulatory protein in the stem of T .cardifolia shows lymphoproliferative and macrophage activating properties 8 .

5. VI.

6. Punica Granatum

Active compounds in P. granatum are punicalagin and ellagic acid, the first one attenuates the inflammatory cytokine secretion, and cell adhesion of monocytes cells stimulated with airborne dust, hence can be used against oxidative stress and inflammatory response by harmful airborne dust 9 .P. granatum peel polyphenols inhibits LPS induced intracellular ROS production in RAW264.7 macrophages, Receptors of LPS, the mRNA and protein expression of TLR4 also the anti-inflammatory mechanism is associated with the NF-Kb pathway 10 . P. granatum peel's polyphenol compounds like punicalagi, ellagic acid, and hydroxylbenzoic acid from n-butanol and ethyl acetate fractions are associated with antiviral activity against influenza virus 11 .When tannins like punicalagin, punicalin, strictinin, and granatin were isolated from P.granatum, granatin was an effective anti-inflammatory by decreasing the production of PGE 2 in early-stage and decreasing NO production in late stage 12 . Polyphenols in P. granatum may prevent virus binding to the host cell receptors by blocking the cell surface receptors of the virus surface ligands 13 .Punicalagin component of P. granatum has the virucidal capability; it inhibits influenza virus RNA proliferation, inhibits the replication of influenza RNA virus independent of the virucidal activity along with antioxidant effect 14 .

7. VII.

8. Glycyrrhiza Glabra

A phytocomponent glycerrhizin of G. glabra affects the cellular signaling pathways like protein kinase C, casein kinase II, and transcription factor-like activator protein one and nuclear factor B. it's aglycone metabolite 18 glycyrrhetinic acid up-regulate expression of inducible nitrous oxide synthase and production of nitrous oxide in macrophages, which inhibits replication of several viruses. In addition, Also glycerrhizin inhibits the absorption, both during and after the absorption period, inhibits replication and penetration of SARC type coronavirus 15 . Glycerrhiza uralensis ethanol extract inhibits the production of RANTES, potent chemotactic cytokine for monocytes, basophils, and T cells, typically detected in nasal secretions of patients with upper respiratory tract infections, involved in epithelial cellmediated inflammation related to viral infection like influenza virus H1N1 16 . Glycyrrhetinic acid has proved inhibitory to the replication of some RNA and DNA viruses in vitro. Glycyrrhizin is reported to be effective against varicella-zoster virus and human immunodeficiency virus in vitro 17 .Glabridin and isoliquiritigenin the components of G.glabra exhibits anti-inflammatory property through inhibition of PGE 2, TXB 2 and, LTB 4 in mammalian cell assay system 18 .

9. VIII.

10. Andrographis Paniculata

A derivative derived from A paniculata, 14-?lipoyl and rographolide is effective in avian influenza A, ie.H9N2, H5N1 and human influenza A.ie. H1N1 in vitro (19) .A. paniculata shows property to inhibit secretion of RANTES by H1N1 infected A549 bronchial epithelial cells 20 . Ethanol extract of A. paniculata and and rographolide inhibit expression of Epstein Barr virus lytic proteins, And rographolide inhibits the production of the mature viral particle. It also shows a significant effect on cellular immunological indicators. It was able to modulate the innate immune response by regulating activation of macrophages and regulate specific antibody production as well as antigen-specific IL-4 producing splenocytes 21 . A. paniculata enhances the WBC count, bone marrow cellularity and, ?-esterase positive cells, myelosuppression found to be reversed through immunomodulatory activity, the weight of lymphoid organs, spleen and thymus were also increased 22

11. Holerrhena Antidysenterica

The alkaloids from H.antidysenterica have antidiarrheal effect as similar to the standard drug diphenoxylate, by inhibiting the production of watery fluid. Also the astringent property of alkaloids reduces denaturing production of protein tannate, which reduces the secretion from intestinal mucosa 24 .Hongoquercin A and Hongoquercin B alkaloid derived exhibit moderate activity against Gram-positive bacteria like E.coli by passing through outer cell membrane 25 .The decoction of H. antidysenterica prevents the attaching and effecting histopathology and avert the bacteria from the opportunity to establish intimate contact with host cells and, thus, it prevents from initiating the disease process 26 .

X.

12. Zinziber Officinale

Gingerols from Fresh ginger decreases more than 70% HRSV infection and rhinoviral infection in both A549 and HEp2 epithelial cell upper and lower respiratory tract, besides fresh ginger stimulates epithelial cells to secrete IFN-? that contribute to the inhibition of virus replication also it has an antiinflammatory effect through inhibition of production of prostaglandins and inflammatory cytokines 27 . Several sesquiterpenes like beta-sesquiphellandrene were most active as an anti-viral agent against rhinovirus in vitro 28 .The rhizome aqueous extract of Z. officinale significantly reduces the PBMC (Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells) proliferation assay, it also inhibits the CD 14 monocyte surface marker in human PBMC showing anti-inflammatory and anti-viral activity 29 .

13. XI.

14. Pueraria Tuberosa

Isoorientin was isolated from tubers of P.tuberosa was identified as a COX 2 inhibiter, which showed potent anti-inflammatory properties in vitro on mouse macrophage cell line, RAW264.7, also it is effective in reducing the inflammation in vivo on pow edema and air pouch mouse models 30 . Due to the effect of some isoflavones like puerarin, daidzein and genistein, P. tuberosa holds a promising therapeutic potential as an immunomodulator. Also P. tuberosa extracts augmented some innate as well as humeral immune responses in rats 31 . Anti-inflammatory mechanism of Mangiferin extracted from P.tuberosa was confirmed via inhibiting the NF-Kb signaling, COX-1, COX-2, and inactivation of NLRP3 inflammoasomes 32 . Tuberosin is one of the active compounds in P.tuberosa, which have anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the free radical scavengers, it also has metal chelation property, and also it shows anti-oxidant property 33 . The ethanoic extract of P.tuberosa increases the phagocytic capacity of macrophages, inhibits both cell-mediate immunity and humeral immunity suggesting a suppressive effect on adaptive immunity without affecting the innate immune system and bone marrow proliferation 34 .

15. XII.

16. Asparagus Racemosus

Extract of A. recemosus is recommended for the use of positive immunomodulator I normal and immune-compromised broiler chicks as it augments the humoral and cell-mediated immune response providing better protection against infection by a rise in HI antibody 35 . Steroidal saponins like Shatavarin IV, Immunoside significantly increases CD 3 + and CD 4 / CD 8+ suggesting T cell activation, also the regulation of Th 1 (IL -2, IFN-g) and Th 2 like IL -4 cytokines suggesting activated lymphocytes ultimately showing an immunomodulatory. 36 The aqueous extract of A.racemosus significantly inhibits suppression of chemotactic activity and production of IL -1, and TNF-? by murine macrophages 37 .

17. XIII.

18. Ocimum Sanctum

O. sanctum leaves when steam distilled shows modification in humoral immune response in albino rats may be due to antibody production, the release of mediators of hypersensitivity reaction and tissue response to mediators, also fixed oils and lonolenic acid indicates significant anti-inflammatory activity against PGE- 2 38 . It inhibits inflammation in rats by affecting the cyclo-oxygenase and lipo-oxygenase pathways, seed oils shows maximum percentage inhabitation of leukotriene induced paw edema 39 .Ocimum sanctum seed oil appears to modulate both humoral and cell mediated immune response and this immunomodulatory response is mediated by GABAergic pathways 40 . Crude extract derived from O.sanctum leaves may inhibit the viral intracellular multiplication and masking/blocking of HA glycoprotein, terpenoid effective in virucidal and therapeutic activity, and polyphenol for prophylactic activity against influenza virus H9H2 virus in ovo model, hence crude extract from the leaves of Ocimum sanctum leads to a reduction in H9N2 influenza virus in assessing the all three; virucidal, therapeutic and prophylactic activity 41 .

XIV.

19. Solanum Xanthocarpum

The methanolic extract of Solanum nigrum has anti-inflammatory activity. Solanine showed the most potent inhibitory activity against the LPS-induced NO production in murine RAW264.7 43 .

XV.

20. Jasminum Grandiflorum

The extract of leaves of J.grandiflorum possesses the anti-ulcer potential as well as antioxidant activity. It reduces gastric fluid volume, acidity and increases the pH of the gastric fluids; which proves antisecretory 44 . Leaves extract to decrease the ulcer index, increase pH, reduces free and total acidity, gastric Year 2020

Global Journal of Medical Research Volume XX Issue V Version I ( D D D D ) B © 2020 Global Journals

volume proving it's an anti-secretory and hence antiulcer 45 . Hydro alcoholic extract of J.grandiflorum shows Anti-inflammatory and anti-conversant acivity 46 .

21. XVI.

22. Discussion

Nowadays, various medicinal plants and herbs are attracting interest in the development of new, more effective, and specific agents, as they may be useful in the production of phytochemicals that have activity against microbes. These plants in the form of decoctions, preparations, essential oils, and extracts widely used in ancient Indian medicine. People are preferring the use of Ayurvedic medicines as an alternate therapy for many chronic diseases as well as acute diseases nowadays. Though always there is a question, how exactly ayurvedic medicines works, by which pathway, or by which mechanism it attack on the microorganism. This manuscript was conducted just to justify the mechanism of our medicine by using some modern tools.

In conclusion, we can say Tinospora cardifolia improved the phagocytic function of the reticuloendothelial system without affecting the humeral or cell-mediated immune system (Atal CK et al. 1986, 5)T. cardifolia possesses immunomodulatory potential (Narkhede AN et al. 2014,6). It stimulates macrophages through TLR6 signaling and NF kappa B translocation, leading to cytokine production (Shyma K et al. 7). An active compounds in P. granatum, punicalagin, and ellagic acid, the first one attenuates the inflammatory cytokine secretion hence can be used against oxidative stress and inflammatory response by harmful airborne dust (Soojin Parket al; 2016, 9). Peel polyphenols inhibit LPS induced intracellular ROS production in RAW264.7 macrophages, Receptors of LPS, the mRNA and protein expression of TLR4 (Du, Lin,et al; 2019, 10). punicalagi, ellagic acid and hydroxyl-benzoic acid from n-butanol and ethyl acetate fractions are associated with antiviral activity against influenza virus (Mohammad-Taghi et al. 2019,11). Tannin, like granatin, is an effective antiinflammatory by decreasing the production of PGE 2 in the early-stage and decreasing NO production in latestage (Lee, C.J; 2016, 12). Polyphenols in P. granatum may prevent virus binding to the host cell receptors by blocking the cell surface receptors of the virus surface ligands (Howell ABet al; 2013, 13). Punicalagin component has the virucidal capability; it inhibits influenza virus RNA proliferation, inhibits the replication of influenza RNA virus independent of the virucidal activity (Haidari, M, et al.2009, 14). Glycerrhizin Up regulates expression of inducible nitrous oxide synthase and production of nitrous oxide in macrophages, which inhibits replication of several viruses, inhibits replication and penetration of SARC type coronavirus (J 1998, 25). Gingerols from Fresh ginger decreases more than 70% HRSV infection and rhinoviral infection in both A549 and HEp2 epithelial cell upper and lower respiratory tract, secrete IFN-? that contribute to the inhibition of virus replication also it has anti-inflammatory (J.S. Chang et al.2013, 27). Isoorientin was isolated from tubers of P.tuberosa was identified as a COX 2 inhibiter, which showed potent anti-inflammatory properties in vitro on mouse macrophage cell line, RAW264.7 (Kotha Anilkumar et al. 2017,30). Isoflavones like puerarin, daidzein, and genistein, P. tuberosa are immunomodulator. Also P. tuberosa extracts augmented some innate as well as humeral immune responses in rats (A. K. Majiet al, 31)Extract of A.recemosus is recommended for the use as positive immunomodulator I as it augments the humoral and cell mediated immune response (Kumari R et al.2012,35). Steroidal saponins like Shatavarin IV, Immunoside significantly increases CD 3 + and CD 4 /CD 8+ suggesting T cell activation, also regulation of Th 1 (IL -2, IFN-g) and Th 2 like IL -4 cytokines suggesting activated lymphocytes ultimately suggesting immunomodulatory effect of A.recemosus (Manish Gautam et al. 2009,36). Sanctum leaves when steam distilled shows modification in humoral immune response in albino rats due to antibody production, release of mediators of hypersensitivity reaction and tissue response to mediators, also fixed oils and lonolenic acid indicates significant anti-inflammatory activity against PGE-2 (S Mondal et al;2009). It inhibits inflammation in rats may be it affects the cyclooxygenase and lipo-oxygenase pathways (P. K Mediratta et al. 2002).

23. XVII.

24. Result

We can say that Swasvin D vyro (Virofight) tablet is the best effective immunomodulator, as it augments the cell mediated as well as humeral mediated immune response, it is antiviral as it can inhibit replication of several viruses, and it is anti-inflammatory by inhibiting various cytokine producing pathways, it has anti-oxidant and antiulcer properties.

Figure 1.
Andrographolide inhibit the production of mature viral
particle. It also shows significant effect on cellular
immunological indicators and innate immune response
by regulating activation IL-4 producing splenocytes
(Churiyahet al. 2015, 21). Hongoquercin A and
Hongoquercin B alkaloid derived exhibits moderate
activity against Gram-positive bacteria like E.coli by
passing through the outer cell membrane (Abbanat el al;
1

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Notes
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Tablet Swasvin D Vyro (Virofight) -A Proven Solution for any Viral Infection, Immunity and Inflammation
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Date: 2020-01-15