Functional Decline and Quality of Life in Polio Survivor

Table of contents

1. Introduction

ging with the effects of a permanent disability has been a challenge for many polio survivors. Approximately 640000 people in the United States have some degree of impairment related to polio (March of Dimes, 2001). Many have worked hard to participate fully in society, which has affected their health (Harrison and Stuifbergen, 2005). Researchers report that secondary conditions and comorbidities are well above the national rate in people living with the effect of polio (Campbell, sheets, and strong, 1990); Harrison and Stuifbergen 2001). The cumulative stress from pushing their bodies as the ache with the disability has been reported as consistent with explanations provided by the combined disablement process and allosteric load models (Harrisons and Stuifbergen 2001). The effects of long term stress however may be reduced by having a positive psychological outlook ( Frankal , 1984;Ryll and Singer, 1998;Taylor, 1983). The article explores the protective effects of finding a purpose in life for aging polio survivors finding a purpose in life is associated with physical limitations, symptoms of depression, and quality of life thus a greater purpose in life is associated with less physical decline this study aims to find that purpose in life will predict better quality of life beyond the effects of physical impairment and depression.

2. II.

3. Pakistan

Polio eradication is a priority program for the country national emergency has been declined by the Author ? : Lahore Business School, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan. E-mails : [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Author ? : Assistant Professor Lahore business school, The University of Lahore. E-mail : [email protected] government of the Pakistan to interrupt polio transmission and achieve the goal of eradication.

A critical view of the augmented NEAP 2012 was initiated in the last quarter of 2012.The prime minister monitoring and coordination cell in collaboration with WHO and UNICEF held a special consulting meeting in November 2012 to appraise the impact of augmented NEP 2012 implementation is special focus on polio reservoirs and outbreak areas. The government of Pakistan provisional government partners international experts on polio independent academic as well as political and religious advocate participated in the consultation key strategies and actions for improving implementation of the NEAP were identified and utilized to develop reservoirs specific work plans part 2013 as of 18dec. Pakistan has reported 56 cases of polio in 2012 compared to 190 during the same period in 2011.All but there wide polio cases were due to wild polio virus type-1 through Karachi and Quetta has not reported any wild polio case this year. There has been 40%decrease in the number of the polio cases reported from FATA compared to the same time period to last period. Khyber agency has reported 11 polio cases there has been an upsurge in the number of polio cases in the Khyber paktukhan since July 2012 the province has reported 25polio cases in 2012.

The major risk for contained transmission in EATA and Khyber paktukhan is primarily because of the insecurity resulting in the compromise excess children gaps in adultery implementing the transits and migrant strategies persistent pockets of refusals and not cracking and reaching the mist children after every SIA. The program expanded environmental severance to 11cites and towns in 2012. This is helping in better understanding the virus transmissions and patterns and tailoring appropriate strategies to interrupt it there hasn't persistent isolation of WPV 1 from the designated environmental sites. A. Anashia ? , Amir Razi ? , M. Danish Javed ? , Ali Usman ? , Umair Ali ? , M. Imran ? & Fahd Javed ? 5. To listen the economic /social burden in the community country III.

Literature Review events may provide physical and psychological benefits for example in a study of elderly people meaning in life was defined as a sense of purpose intelligibility and manageability that was associated with continued family contact higher self-esteem and better reported health IV.

4. Methodology

We make the questionnaire and collect the primery data. We fill out the questionnaire from 200 people. We target the students, businessman and employees. We make 9 questions related to our objectives and try to get the relevent data from the respondents.

V.

5. Demographic Data

A background information sheet was used to collect data on a variety of demographic and disease and characteristics. This information was used to describe the socio demographic characteristics of the sample. Age, educational status, marital status, and employment status VI.

6. Functional Decline

Functional decline was measured with one item during the past 5 years, how much decrease have you experienced in your ability to carry on your normal activities of daily living---compared with your physical best? VII.

7. Physical Limitation

The Incapacity status scale was used to provide information specific to functional limitation and severity of major symptoms present in participants who had polio it is a 0 to 45 or more for this study, items were reduced to after 15 after being reviewed by two expert consultants. All items except one were judged to be valid for the functional limitations experienced by polio survivors and it has been successfully in a pilot of people who had polio functional limitation is defined as the process of not being able to perform common tasks. We take data from 200 respondents in which 70%respondents were male and 30 % respondents were female. In addition to this 60% of respondents are between the age of 18-25, 37.5% answerer were between the age of 26-35 years, 1.5% respondents between the age of 36-45 and 0.5% respondents were above the age of 45 years. Furthermore 65% of respondents were accounted for students, 15% respondents were business, 15% were employees and 5% belong to other occupations. Table 2 : Is polio still a disease seen in the Pakistan? Our first question is shows above in response to this 45% respondents said yes in response to this question. In addition 25% respondents said no and 30% respondent said they don't have any information about it.

Table 3 : Do you agree with statement that "vaccination is necessary for every child whom age is less than five years"

In response to this question 45% respondents strongly agree with this, 27.5% respondents were agree with it, 15% respondents were disagree with this, 5% respondents were strongly disagree with it and 7.5% said they don't know about it. Table 4 : Do you think that polio vaccination is not healthy for your children???.?

In response to this question 42.5% respondents strongly agree with this, 41% respondents were agree with it, 9% respondents were disagree with this, 2.5% respondents were strongly disagree with it and 5% said they don't know about it. In response to this question 19% respondents strongly agree with this, 48.5% respondents were agree with it, 11.5% respondents were disagree with this, 13% respondents were strongly disagree with it and 8% said they don't know about it.

Table 6 : Do you think that media is playing positive role in polio awareness?

In response to this question 47.5% respondents strongly agree with this, 17.5% respondents were agree with it, 18% respondents were disagree with this, 9.5% respondents were strongly disagree with it and 7.5% said they don't know about it.

Table 7 : Do you want to make a polio free Pakistan?

In response to this question 41% respondents strongly agree with this, 37.5% respondents were agree with it, 7.5% respondents were disagree with this, 8% respondents were strongly disagree with it and 6% said they don't know about it.

Table 8 : Do you believe that is there any risks associated with the Polio Vaccine?

Our question is shows above in response to this 10.5% respondents said yes in response to this question. In addition 59.5% respondents said no and 30% respondent said they don't have any information about it. "Organizing, counseling and emotional support for people with polio affected is crucial"?

In response to this question 17.5% respondents strongly agree with this, 35% respondents were agree with it, 27.5% respondents were disagree with this, 15% respondents were strongly disagree with it and 5% said they don't know about it.

8. VIII.

9. Conclusion

The observations from the study were consistent across all the stakeholders interviewed, all regions (rural, urban, tribal) and, all medical colleges supervised by the various Clinical Epidemiology Units.

10. Volume XIII Issue IV Version I

Figure 1. Objectives 1 .
1To vaccinate all children 5year of age with potent oral polio vaccine. 2. To make polio free Pakistan. 3. To develop /Argument immunity in the children against polio virus. 4. To prevent polio disease and subsequent morbidity /mortality in the children.A
Figure 2. Table 1 :
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013
2
Year
Figure 3. Table 5 :
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013
2
Year
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Volume XIII Issue IV Version I
Medical Research
Global Journal of
Figure 4. Do you agree with statement that "vaccination is necessary for every child whom age is less than five years".
Strongly Agree 90 45 %
Agree 55 27.5 %
disagree Strongly disagree Don't know. 30 10 15 15 % 5 % 7.5 %
Variable Frequency Percentage %
Figure 5. Q: Do you think that polio vaccination is not healthy for your children???.?
Strongly Agree 85 42.5 %
Agree 82 41 %
disagree 18 9 %
Strongly disagree Don't know. 05 10 2.5 % 5 %
Variable Frequency Percentage %
Q: Do you think that people Strongly Agree 38 19 %
need more information Agree 97 48.5 %
regarding polio vaccination? disagree 23 11.5 %
Strongly disagree Don't know. 26 16 13 % 8 %
Figure 6. Table 9 :
9
Functional Decline and Quality of Life in Polio Survivors
Variable Frequency Percentage %
Q: Do you think that media Strongly Agree 95 47.5 %
is playing positive role in Agree 35 17.5 %
polio awareness? disagree 36 18 %
013 Strongly disagree Don't know. 19 15 9.5 % 7.5 %
2
Year
Volume XIII Issue IV Version I Variable Q: Do you want to make a polio free Pakistan? Strongly Agree Agree disagree Strongly disagree Don't know. Frequency 82 75 15 16 12 Percentage % 41 % 37.5 % 7.5 % 8 % 6 %
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Variable Frequency Percentage %
Our question is shows above in response to this respondent said they don't have any
7.5% respondents said yes in response to this question. about it.
In addition 55% respondents said no and 37.5%
Figure 7. Q: Do you believe that is there any risks associated with the Polio Vaccine?
Yes 21 10.5 %
No 119 59.5 %
Do not know 60 30 %
Variable Frequency Percentage %
Q: Do you have any family Yes 15 7.5 %
member effected with polio No 110 55 %
virus? Do not know 75 37.5 %
Figure 8. Table 10 :
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Appendix A

Appendix A.1

Characteristically utilizers also confirmed the opinion voiced by the providers. This strongly suggested that the qualitative techniques employed for this project evaluation were quite appropriate and the data thus collected were valid. These include setting a national agenda for polio eradication, creating demand for OPV, increasing booth attendance during National Immunization Days, pushing for universal coverage through mobilization of local partnerships and networks, and overcoming pockets of resistance to vaccination among caregivers in unreached and underserved areas. This review documents the value and crucial contribution of carefully planned and closely monitored communication in building widespread support and understanding, as well as accessing unreached populations and overcoming resistance. There is no vaccine against resistance or refusals that are rooted in social-cultural, religious and political contexts.

Appendix B

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  5. Importance of self-perceptions for health status among older person, I Mossey . M.Gat (ED) (ed.) 1995. Washington, DC: America Psychological Department. (Emerging issues in mental health and aging)
  6. Respiratory muscle Strength in patients with post polio syndrome. L Macdonald , A G Gift , R W Soekn , KL . Rehabilitation Nursing Research 1993. p. .
  7. Health-Promoting lifestyle profile ii. S Walker , K Sechrist , N Pender . Omaha. Global Journal of Medical Research 1995. 13.
Notes
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© 2013 Global Journals Inc. (US)
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Date: 2013-03-15