@incollection{,
	
					
					
					C170B0A7EB29F6F73F049B67A1F27AFC
				,
	author={{Dr. Ballah AkawuDenue} and {Mr. Dawurung JoshuaShehu} and {Universit of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri Borno state.}},
	journal={{Global Journal of Medical Research}},
	journal={{GJMR}}2249-46180975-588810.34257/GJMR,
	address={Cambridge, United States},
	publisher={Global Journals Organisation}1285358
}

@incollection{b0,
	
	
		,
	title={{Predictors of impaired renal function among HIV infected patients commencing highly active antiretroviral therapy in Jos, Nigeria}}
		,
	author={{
			OOAgbaji
		} and {
			AOnu
		} and {
			PEAgaba
		} and {
			MAMuazu
		} and {
			KDFalang
		} and {
			JAIdoko
		}}
		
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Niger Med J}}
		
			52
			
			,
	year={2011}
		
	

}

@incollection{b1,
	
	
		,
	title={{The acute, the chronic and the news of HIV-related renal disease in Africa}}
		,
	author={{
			CGArendse
		} and {
			NWearne
		} and {
			IGOkpechi
		} and {
			CRSwanepoel
		}}
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Kidney Int}}
		
			78
			
			,
	year={2010}
		
	

}

@book{b2,
	
	
		,
	title={{Renal disease in patients with hepatitis and human immunodeficiency virus}}
		,
	author={{
			JBourgoigni
		} and {
			TksRao
		} and {
			RothD
		}}
		
		
		
			,
	year={2005}
		
	
	,
	note={HIV]. Atlas of the diseases of the kidney. On -lineedition}

}

@incollection{b3,
	
	
		,
	title={{HIV nephropathy in children detected by quantitative proteinuria. 11th conf on retrovirus and opportunistic infections}}
		,
	author={{
			WAChaparro
		} and {
			GZilleruelo
		} and {
			DRiviera
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Abst}}
		
			752
			104
			,
	year={2010}
		
	

}

@incollection{b4,
	
	
		,
	title={{Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in ChineseHIV-infected patients}}
		,
	author={{
			CYCheung
		} and {
			KMWong
		} and {
			MPLee
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Nephrol Dialysis Transplant}}
		
			22
			
			,
	year={2007}
		
	

}

@book{b5,
	
	
		,
	title={{Comparison of the modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) and Cockroft-Gault formula in HIV seropositive patients at Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos. A dissertation submitted and approved in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of fellowship in internal medicine (Nephrology subunit): National Postgraduate Medical College of Nigeria}}
		,
	author={{
			IChukwuonye
		}}
		
			,
	year={2007}
		
	

}

@incollection{b6,
	
	
		,
	title={{Cystatin C, albuminuria, and 5-year all-cause mortality in HIV-infected persons}}
		,
	author={{
			AChoi
		} and {
			RScherzer
		} and {
			PBacchetti
		} and {
			PCTien
		} and {
			MSSaag
		} and {
			CLGibert
		}}
		
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Am J Kidney Dis}}
		
			56
			
			,
	year={2010}
		
	

}

@incollection{b7,
	
	
		,
	title={{Association between kidney function and albuminuria with cardiovascular events in HIVinfected persons}}
		,
	author={{
			AIChoi
		} and {
			YLi
		} and {
			SGDeeks
		} and {
			CGrunfeld
		} and {
			PAVolberding
		} and {
			MGShlipak
		}}
		
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Circulation}}
		
			121
			
			,
	year={2010}
		
	

}

@incollection{b8,
	
	
		,
	title={{Racial Differences in End-Stage Renal Disease Rates in HIV Infection versus Diabetes}}
		,
	author={{
			AIChoi
		} and {
			RARodriguez
		} and {
			PBacchetti
		} and {
			DBertenthal
		} and {
			PAVolberding
		}}
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{J Am SocNephrol}}
		
			18
			
			,
	year={2007}
		
	

}

@incollection{b9,
	
	
		,
	title={{Prediction of creatinine clearance from serum creatinine}}
		,
	author={{
			DCockcroft
		} and {
			MGault
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Nephron}}
		
			16
			
			,
	year={1976}
		
	

}

@incollection{b10,
	
	
		,
	title={{Age changes in glomerular filtration rate, effective renal Plasmaflow, and tubular excretory capacity in adult males}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{AIDS PATIENT CARE and STDs}}
		
			24
			6
			
			,
	year={1950}
		
	
	,
	note={J Clin Invest}

}

@incollection{b11,
	
	
		,
	title={{Assessment of GFR by four methods in adults in Ashanti, Ghana: the need for an eGFR equation for lean African populations}}
		,
	author={{
			JBEastwood
		} and {
			SMKerry
		} and {
			JPlange-Rhule
		} and {
			FBMicah
		} and {
			SAntwi
		}}
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Nephrol Dial Transplant}}
		
			25
			
			,
	year={2010}
		
	

}

@incollection{b12,
	
	
		,
	title={{Renal disease in HIV-seropositive patients in Nigeria: an assessment of prevalence, clinical features and risk factors}}
		,
	author={{
			CPEmem
		} and {
			FArogundade
		} and {
			ASanusi
		} and {
			KAdelusola
		} and {
			FWokoma
		}}
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Nephrol Dial Transplant}}
		
			23
			
			,
	year={2008}
		
	

}

@incollection{b13,
	
	
		,
	title={{Association of trypanolytic ApoL1 variants with kidney disease in African Americans}}
		,
	author={{
			GGenovese
		} and {
			DJFriedman
		} and {
			MDRoss
		} and {
			LLecordier
		} and {
			PUzureau
		}}
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Science}}
		
			329
			
			,
	year={2010}
		
	

}

@book{b14,
	
	
		,
	title={{}}
		,
	author={{
			SKGupta
		} and {
			JAEustace
		} and {
			JAWinston
		} and {
			IIBoydstun
		} and {
			TSAhuja
		} and {
			RARodriguez
		}}
		
		
		
		
		
		
			,
	year={2005}
		
	

}

@incollection{b15,
	
	
		,
	title={{Guidelines for the management of chronic kidney disease in HIV-infected patients: recommendations of the HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Clin Infect Dis}}
		
			40
			
		
	

}

@incollection{b16,
	
	
		,
	title={{A cross sectional study of HIV seropositivepatients with varying degrees of proteinuria in South Africa}}
		,
	author={{
			TMHam
		} and {
			SNaicker
		} and {
			PKRamdial
		} and {
			AGAssoung
		}}
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Kidney Int}}
		
			69
			
			,
	year={2006}
		
	

}

@incollection{b17,
	
	
		,
	title={{MYH9 isassociated withnondiabetic end-stage renal disease in African Americans}}
		,
	author={{
			WHKao
		} and {
			MJKlag
		} and {
			LAMeoni
		} and {
			DReich
		} and {
			YBerthier-Schaad
		}}
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{NatGenet}}
		
			40
			
			,
	year={2008}
		
	

}

@incollection{b18,
	
	
		,
	title={{Factors associated with chronic renal failure in HIVinfected ambulatory patients}}
		,
	author={{
			CSKrawczyk
		} and {
			SDHolmberg
		} and {
			ACMoorman
		} and {
			LIGardner
		}}
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{AIDS}}
		
			18
			
			,
	year={2004}
		
	
	,
	note={McGwinjnr G for HIV out patient group}

}

@incollection{b19,
	
	
		,
	title={{National Kidney Foundation Practice Guildelines for Chronic Kidney Disease: Evaluation, Classification, and Stratification}}
		,
	author={{
			ALevey
		} and {
			JCoresh
		} and {
			EBalk
		} and {
			AKausz
		} and {
			ALevin
		} and {
			MStaffes
		}}
		
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Ann Intern Med}}
		
			139
			
			,
	year={2003}
		
	

}

@incollection{b20,
	
	
		,
	title={{Chronic Kidney Disease Incidence, and Progression to End-Stage Renal Disease, in HIV Infected Individuals: A Tale of Two Races}}
		,
	author={{
			GMLucas
		} and {
			BLau
		} and {
			MGAtta
		} and {
			DMFine
		} and {
			JKeruly
		}}
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{J Infect Dis}}
		
			197
			
			,
	year={2008}
		
	

}

@incollection{b21,
	
	
		,
	title={{Chronic renal failure among HIV-infected patients}}
		,
	author={{
			AMocroft
		} and {
			OKirk
		} and {
			JGatell
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{AIDS}}
		
			21
			
			,
	year={2007}
		
	

}

@incollection{b22,
	
	
		,
	title={{Renal disease in an ART naïve HIV infectedpopulation in western Kenya}}
		,
	author={{
			Owumoong'Mulomae
		} and {
			WSidlee
		} and {
			J
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	booktitle={{IAS conf HIV pathog Treat: Abst MOPE 11.6c23}}
				
			,
	year={2005}
		
	

}

@book{b23,
	
	
		,
	title={{Renal disease in HIV infected patients at University of Benin Teaching Hospital in Nigeria African Health Sciences}}
		,
	author={{
			UHOkafor
		} and {
			EIUnuigbe
		} and {
			LIOjogwu
		} and {
			EOviasu
		} and {
			FSWokoma
		}}
		
		
		
		
		
			,
	year={2011. August}
			11
		
	

}

@incollection{b24,
	
	
		,
	title={{Renal disease in HIVinfected individuals}}
		,
	author={{
			JPhair
		} and {
			Palellaf
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{CurrOpin HIV AIDS}}
		
			,
	year={2011. 2011}
		
	

}

@book{b25,
	
	
		,
	title={{}}
		,
	author={{
			LASzczech
		} and {
			SJGange
		} and {
			CVan Der Horst
		} and {
			JABartlett
		} and {
			MYoung
		} and {
			MHCohen
		}}
		
		
		
		
		
		
			,
	year={2002}
		
	

}

@incollection{b26,
	
	
		,
	title={{Predictors of proteinuria and renal failure among women with HIV infection}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Kidney Int}}
		
			61
			
		
	

}

@incollection{b27,
	
	
		,
	title={{The clinical epidemiology and course of the spectrum of renal diseases associated with HIV infection}}
		,
	author={{
			LASzczech
		} and {
			SKGupta
		} and {
			RHabash
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{KidneyInt}}
		
			66
			
			,
	year={2004}
		
	

}

@incollection{b28,
	
	
		,
	title={{Estimating glomerular filtration rate in black South Africans by use of the modification of diet in renal disease and Cockcroft-Gault equations}}
		,
	author={{
			HEVan Deventer
		} and {
			JAGeorge
		} and {
			JEPaiker
		} and {
			PJBecker
		} and {
			IJKatz
		}}
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{ClinChem}}
		
			54
			
			,
	year={2008}
		
	

}

@incollection{b29,
	
	
		,
	title={{Depletion of CD4 (+) T cells aggravates glomerular and interstitial injury in murine adriamycin nephropathy}}
		,
	author={{
			YWang
		} and {
			XFeng
		} and {
			SBao
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Kidney International}}
		
			67
			
			,
	year={2005}
		
	

}

@incollection{b30,
	
	
		,
	title={{The HIV associated renal diseases; current insight intopathogenesis and treatment}}
		,
	author={{
			NJWeiner
		} and {
			JWGoodman
		} and {
			PLKimmel
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Kidney Int}}
		
			63
			
			,
	year={2002}
		
	

}

@incollection{b31,
	
	
		,
	title={{Nephropathy and establishment of a renal reservoir of HIV type 1 during primary infection}}
		,
	author={{
			JAWinston
		} and {
			LABruggeman
		} and {
			MDRoss
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{NEJM}}
		
			344
			26
			
			,
	year={2001}
		
	

}

@incollection{b32,
	
	
		,
	title={{HIVassociated nephropathy is a late, not early, manifestation of HIV-1 infection}}
		,
	author={{
			JAWinston
		} and {
			MEKlotman
		} and {
			PEKlotman
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Kidney Int}}
		
			55
			
			,
	year={1999}
		
	

}