\documentclass[11pt,twoside]{article}\makeatletter

\IfFileExists{xcolor.sty}%
  {\RequirePackage{xcolor}}%
  {\RequirePackage{color}}
\usepackage{colortbl}
\usepackage{wrapfig}
\usepackage{ifxetex}
\ifxetex
  \usepackage{fontspec}
  \usepackage{xunicode}
  \catcode`⃥=\active \def⃥{\textbackslash}
  \catcode`❴=\active \def❴{\{}
  \catcode`❵=\active \def❵{\}}
  \def\textJapanese{\fontspec{Noto Sans CJK JP}}
  \def\textChinese{\fontspec{Noto Sans CJK SC}}
  \def\textKorean{\fontspec{Noto Sans CJK KR}}
  \setmonofont{DejaVu Sans Mono}
  
\else
  \IfFileExists{utf8x.def}%
   {\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc}
      \PrerenderUnicode{–}
    }%
   {\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}}
  \usepackage[english]{babel}
  \usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
  \usepackage{float}
  \usepackage[]{ucs}
  \uc@dclc{8421}{default}{\textbackslash }
  \uc@dclc{10100}{default}{\{}
  \uc@dclc{10101}{default}{\}}
  \uc@dclc{8491}{default}{\AA{}}
  \uc@dclc{8239}{default}{\,}
  \uc@dclc{20154}{default}{ }
  \uc@dclc{10148}{default}{>}
  \def\textschwa{\rotatebox{-90}{e}}
  \def\textJapanese{}
  \def\textChinese{}
  \IfFileExists{tipa.sty}{\usepackage{tipa}}{}
\fi
\def\exampleFont{\ttfamily\small}
\DeclareTextSymbol{\textpi}{OML}{25}
\usepackage{relsize}
\RequirePackage{array}
\def\@testpach{\@chclass
 \ifnum \@lastchclass=6 \@ne \@chnum \@ne \else
  \ifnum \@lastchclass=7 5 \else
   \ifnum \@lastchclass=8 \tw@ \else
    \ifnum \@lastchclass=9 \thr@@
   \else \z@
   \ifnum \@lastchclass = 10 \else
   \edef\@nextchar{\expandafter\string\@nextchar}%
   \@chnum
   \if \@nextchar c\z@ \else
    \if \@nextchar l\@ne \else
     \if \@nextchar r\tw@ \else
   \z@ \@chclass
   \if\@nextchar |\@ne \else
    \if \@nextchar !6 \else
     \if \@nextchar @7 \else
      \if \@nextchar (8 \else
       \if \@nextchar )9 \else
  10
  \@chnum
  \if \@nextchar m\thr@@\else
   \if \@nextchar p4 \else
    \if \@nextchar b5 \else
   \z@ \@chclass \z@ \@preamerr \z@ \fi \fi \fi \fi
   \fi \fi  \fi  \fi  \fi  \fi  \fi \fi \fi \fi \fi \fi}
\gdef\arraybackslash{\let\\=\@arraycr}
\def\@textsubscript#1{{\m@th\ensuremath{_{\mbox{\fontsize\sf@size\z@#1}}}}}
\def\Panel#1#2#3#4{\multicolumn{#3}{){\columncolor{#2}}#4}{#1}}
\def\abbr{}
\def\corr{}
\def\expan{}
\def\gap{}
\def\orig{}
\def\reg{}
\def\ref{}
\def\sic{}
\def\persName{}\def\name{}
\def\placeName{}
\def\orgName{}
\def\textcal#1{{\fontspec{Lucida Calligraphy}#1}}
\def\textgothic#1{{\fontspec{Lucida Blackletter}#1}}
\def\textlarge#1{{\large #1}}
\def\textoverbar#1{\ensuremath{\overline{#1}}}
\def\textquoted#1{‘#1’}
\def\textsmall#1{{\small #1}}
\def\textsubscript#1{\@textsubscript{\selectfont#1}}
\def\textxi{\ensuremath{\xi}}
\def\titlem{\itshape}
\newenvironment{biblfree}{}{\ifvmode\par\fi }
\newenvironment{bibl}{}{}
\newenvironment{byline}{\vskip6pt\itshape\fontsize{16pt}{18pt}\selectfont}{\par }
\newenvironment{citbibl}{}{\ifvmode\par\fi }
\newenvironment{docAuthor}{\ifvmode\vskip4pt\fontsize{16pt}{18pt}\selectfont\fi\itshape}{\ifvmode\par\fi }
\newenvironment{docDate}{}{\ifvmode\par\fi }
\newenvironment{docImprint}{\vskip 6pt}{\ifvmode\par\fi }
\newenvironment{docTitle}{\vskip6pt\bfseries\fontsize{22pt}{25pt}\selectfont}{\par }
\newenvironment{msHead}{\vskip 6pt}{\par}
\newenvironment{msItem}{\vskip 6pt}{\par}
\newenvironment{rubric}{}{}
\newenvironment{titlePart}{}{\par }

\newcolumntype{L}[1]{){\raggedright\arraybackslash}p{#1}}
\newcolumntype{C}[1]{){\centering\arraybackslash}p{#1}}
\newcolumntype{R}[1]{){\raggedleft\arraybackslash}p{#1}}
\newcolumntype{P}[1]{){\arraybackslash}p{#1}}
\newcolumntype{B}[1]{){\arraybackslash}b{#1}}
\newcolumntype{M}[1]{){\arraybackslash}m{#1}}
\definecolor{label}{gray}{0.75}
\def\unusedattribute#1{\sout{\textcolor{label}{#1}}}
\DeclareRobustCommand*{\xref}{\hyper@normalise\xref@}
\def\xref@#1#2{\hyper@linkurl{#2}{#1}}
\begingroup
\catcode`\_=\active
\gdef_#1{\ensuremath{\sb{\mathrm{#1}}}}
\endgroup
\mathcode`\_=\string"8000
\catcode`\_=12\relax

\usepackage[a4paper,twoside,lmargin=1in,rmargin=1in,tmargin=1in,bmargin=1in,marginparwidth=0.75in]{geometry}
\usepackage{framed}

\definecolor{shadecolor}{gray}{0.95}
\usepackage{longtable}
\usepackage[normalem]{ulem}
\usepackage{fancyvrb}
\usepackage{fancyhdr}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{marginnote}

\renewcommand{\@cite}[1]{#1}


\renewcommand*{\marginfont}{\itshape\footnotesize}

\def\Gin@extensions{.pdf,.png,.jpg,.mps,.tif}

  \pagestyle{fancy}

\usepackage[pdftitle={A Proof of Principle Study of a Novel Silicon based Retina Sensor for Patients with Macula Degeneration},
 pdfauthor={}]{hyperref}
\hyperbaseurl{}

	 \paperwidth210mm
	 \paperheight297mm
              
\def\@pnumwidth{1.55em}
\def\@tocrmarg {2.55em}
\def\@dotsep{4.5}
\setcounter{tocdepth}{3}
\clubpenalty=8000
\emergencystretch 3em
\hbadness=4000
\hyphenpenalty=400
\pretolerance=750
\tolerance=2000
\vbadness=4000
\widowpenalty=10000

\renewcommand\section{\@startsection {section}{1}{\z@}%
     {-1.75ex \@plus -0.5ex \@minus -.2ex}%
     {0.5ex \@plus .2ex}%
     {\reset@font\Large\bfseries}}
\renewcommand\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}%
     {-1.75ex\@plus -0.5ex \@minus- .2ex}%
     {0.5ex \@plus .2ex}%
     {\reset@font\Large}}
\renewcommand\subsubsection{\@startsection{subsubsection}{3}{\z@}%
     {-1.5ex\@plus -0.35ex \@minus -.2ex}%
     {0.5ex \@plus .2ex}%
     {\reset@font\large}}
\renewcommand\paragraph{\@startsection{paragraph}{4}{\z@}%
     {-1ex \@plus-0.35ex \@minus -0.2ex}%
     {0.5ex \@plus .2ex}%
     {\reset@font\normalsize}}
\renewcommand\subparagraph{\@startsection{subparagraph}{5}{\parindent}%
     {1.5ex \@plus1ex \@minus .2ex}%
     {-1em}%
     {\reset@font\normalsize\bfseries}}


\def\l@section#1#2{\addpenalty{\@secpenalty} \addvspace{1.0em plus 1pt}
 \@tempdima 1.5em \begingroup
 \parindent \z@ \rightskip \@pnumwidth 
 \parfillskip -\@pnumwidth 
 \bfseries \leavevmode #1\hfil \hbox to\@pnumwidth{\hss #2}\par
 \endgroup}
\def\l@subsection{\@dottedtocline{2}{1.5em}{2.3em}}
\def\l@subsubsection{\@dottedtocline{3}{3.8em}{3.2em}}
\def\l@paragraph{\@dottedtocline{4}{7.0em}{4.1em}}
\def\l@subparagraph{\@dottedtocline{5}{10em}{5em}}
\@ifundefined{c@section}{\newcounter{section}}{}
\@ifundefined{c@chapter}{\newcounter{chapter}}{}
\newif\if@mainmatter 
\@mainmattertrue
\def\chaptername{Chapter}
\def\frontmatter{%
  \pagenumbering{roman}
  \def\thechapter{\@roman\c@chapter}
  \def\theHchapter{\roman{chapter}}
  \def\thesection{\@roman\c@section}
  \def\theHsection{\roman{section}}
  \def\@chapapp{}%
}
\def\mainmatter{%
  \cleardoublepage
  \def\thechapter{\@arabic\c@chapter}
  \setcounter{chapter}{0}
  \setcounter{section}{0}
  \pagenumbering{arabic}
  \setcounter{secnumdepth}{6}
  \def\@chapapp{\chaptername}%
  \def\theHchapter{\arabic{chapter}}
  \def\thesection{\@arabic\c@section}
  \def\theHsection{\arabic{section}}
}
\def\backmatter{%
  \cleardoublepage
  \setcounter{chapter}{0}
  \setcounter{section}{0}
  \setcounter{secnumdepth}{2}
  \def\@chapapp{\appendixname}%
  \def\thechapter{\@Alph\c@chapter}
  \def\theHchapter{\Alph{chapter}}
  \appendix
}
\newenvironment{bibitemlist}[1]{%
   \list{\@biblabel{\@arabic\c@enumiv}}%
       {\settowidth\labelwidth{\@biblabel{#1}}%
        \leftmargin\labelwidth
        \advance\leftmargin\labelsep
        \@openbib@code
        \usecounter{enumiv}%
        \let\p@enumiv\@empty
        \renewcommand\theenumiv{\@arabic\c@enumiv}%
	}%
  \sloppy
  \clubpenalty4000
  \@clubpenalty \clubpenalty
  \widowpenalty4000%
  \sfcode`\.\@m}%
  {\def\@noitemerr
    {\@latex@warning{Empty `bibitemlist' environment}}%
    \endlist}

\def\tableofcontents{\section*{\contentsname}\@starttoc{toc}}
\parskip0pt
\parindent1em
\def\Panel#1#2#3#4{\multicolumn{#3}{){\columncolor{#2}}#4}{#1}}
\newenvironment{reflist}{%
  \begin{raggedright}\begin{list}{}
  {%
   \setlength{\topsep}{0pt}%
   \setlength{\rightmargin}{0.25in}%
   \setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}%
   \setlength{\itemindent}{0pt}%
   \setlength{\parskip}{0pt}%
   \setlength{\parsep}{2pt}%
   \def\makelabel##1{\itshape ##1}}%
  }
  {\end{list}\end{raggedright}}
\newenvironment{sansreflist}{%
  \begin{raggedright}\begin{list}{}
  {%
   \setlength{\topsep}{0pt}%
   \setlength{\rightmargin}{0.25in}%
   \setlength{\itemindent}{0pt}%
   \setlength{\parskip}{0pt}%
   \setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}%
   \setlength{\parsep}{2pt}%
   \def\makelabel##1{\upshape ##1}}%
  }
  {\end{list}\end{raggedright}}
\newenvironment{specHead}[2]%
 {\vspace{20pt}\hrule\vspace{10pt}%
  \phantomsection\label{#1}\markright{#2}%

  \pdfbookmark[2]{#2}{#1}%
  \hspace{-0.75in}{\bfseries\fontsize{16pt}{18pt}\selectfont#2}%
  }{}
      \def\TheFullDate{2012-09-29 (revised: 29 September 2012)}
\def\TheID{\makeatother }
\def\TheDate{2012-09-29}
\title{A Proof of Principle Study of a Novel Silicon based Retina Sensor for Patients with Macula Degeneration}
\author{}\makeatletter 
\makeatletter
\newcommand*{\cleartoleftpage}{%
  \clearpage
    \if@twoside
    \ifodd\c@page
      \hbox{}\newpage
      \if@twocolumn
        \hbox{}\newpage
      \fi
    \fi
  \fi
}
\makeatother
\makeatletter
\thispagestyle{empty}
\markright{\@title}\markboth{\@title}{\@author}
\renewcommand\small{\@setfontsize\small{9pt}{11pt}\abovedisplayskip 8.5\p@ plus3\p@ minus4\p@
\belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip
\abovedisplayshortskip \z@ plus2\p@
\belowdisplayshortskip 4\p@ plus2\p@ minus2\p@
\def\@listi{\leftmargin\leftmargini
               \topsep 2\p@ plus1\p@ minus1\p@
               \parsep 2\p@ plus\p@ minus\p@
               \itemsep 1pt}
}
\makeatother
\fvset{frame=single,numberblanklines=false,xleftmargin=5mm,xrightmargin=5mm}
\fancyhf{} 
\setlength{\headheight}{14pt}
\fancyhead[LE]{\bfseries\leftmark} 
\fancyhead[RO]{\bfseries\rightmark} 
\fancyfoot[RO]{}
\fancyfoot[CO]{\thepage}
\fancyfoot[LO]{\TheID}
\fancyfoot[LE]{}
\fancyfoot[CE]{\thepage}
\fancyfoot[RE]{\TheID}
\hypersetup{citebordercolor=0.75 0.75 0.75,linkbordercolor=0.75 0.75 0.75,urlbordercolor=0.75 0.75 0.75,bookmarksnumbered=true}
\fancypagestyle{plain}{\fancyhead{}\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt}}

\date{}
\usepackage{authblk}

\providecommand{\keywords}[1]
{
\footnotesize
  \textbf{\textit{Index terms---}} #1
}

\usepackage{graphicx,xcolor}
\definecolor{GJBlue}{HTML}{273B81}
\definecolor{GJLightBlue}{HTML}{0A9DD9}
\definecolor{GJMediumGrey}{HTML}{6D6E70}
\definecolor{GJLightGrey}{HTML}{929497} 

\renewenvironment{abstract}{%
   \setlength{\parindent}{0pt}\raggedright
   \textcolor{GJMediumGrey}{\rule{\textwidth}{2pt}}
   \vskip16pt
   \textcolor{GJBlue}{\large\bfseries\abstractname\space}
}{%   
   \vskip8pt
   \textcolor{GJMediumGrey}{\rule{\textwidth}{2pt}}
   \vskip16pt
}

\usepackage[absolute,overlay]{textpos}

\makeatother 
      \usepackage{lineno}
      \linenumbers
      
\begin{document}

             \author[1]{Dr. Pourus  Mehta}

             \author[2]{Dr. Pourus  Mehta}

             \affil[1]{  Bhabha Atomic Research Centre}

\renewcommand\Authands{ and }

\date{\small \em Received: 19 August 2012 Accepted: 18 September 2012 Published: 29 September 2012}

\maketitle


\begin{abstract}
        


Recent advances in semiconductor technology have made it possible to achieve imaging devices that can serve as bionic retinas when implanted within the human eye. Traditional concepts for bionic retina prosthesis involve implantation of a CMOS CCD array in place of the dysfunctional retina of the patient [Ref. 2]. This concept suffers from a limitation of a finite battery life, which leads to frequent replacement of batteries. Secondly, the need to bias each pixel makes the number of electrodes large enough to occupy a large portion of active area on the chip. Moreover, more number of electrodes means greater data bandwidth required for restoring vision. It is proposed to use passive devices like solid state photo-voltaic Cells, which instead of consuming external power would in fact generate signals to stimulate the nerve fibers of the optic nerve. The need for digital data processing can be circumvented as the visual information (photo-generated analog signal) is directly coupled to the ganglion fibers of the macula region. The use of silicon as sensor material makes the device sensitive to infrared wavelengths making it possible for the recipient to have good visibility even at night. 

\end{abstract}


\keywords{Technology Computer Aided Design, }

\begin{textblock*}{18cm}(1cm,1cm) % {block width} (coords) 
\textcolor{GJBlue}{\LARGE Global Journals \LaTeX\ JournalKaleidoscope\texttrademark}
\end{textblock*}

\begin{textblock*}{18cm}(1.4cm,1.5cm) % {block width} (coords) 
\textcolor{GJBlue}{\footnotesize \\ Artificial Intelligence formulated this projection for compatibility purposes from the original article published at Global Journals. However, this technology is currently in beta. \emph{Therefore, kindly ignore odd layouts, missed formulae, text, tables, or figures.}}
\end{textblock*}


\let\tabcellsep& 	 	 		 \par
A Proof of Principle Study of a Novel Silicon based Retina Sensor for Patients with Macula Degeneration  {\ref Pourus Mehta} Recent advances in semiconductor technology have made it possible to achieve imaging devices that can serve as bionic retinas when implanted within the human eye. Traditional concepts for bionic retina prosthesis involve implantation of a CMOS CCD array in place of the dysfunctional retina of the patient  {\ref [Ref. 2]}. This concept suffers from a limitation of a finite battery life, which leads to frequent replacement of batteries. Secondly, the need to bias each pixel makes the number of electrodes large enough to occupy a large portion of active area on the chip. Moreover, more number of electrodes means greater data bandwidth required for restoring vision. It is proposed to use passive devices like solid state photo-voltaic Cells, which instead of consuming external power would in fact generate signals to stimulate the nerve fibers of the optic nerve. The need for digital data processing can be circumvented as the visual information (photo-generated analog signal) is directly coupled to the ganglion fibers of the macula region. The use of silicon as sensor material makes the device sensitive to infrared wavelengths making it possible for the recipient to have good visibility even at night. This paper presents a detailed illustrated summary on the design aspects of the sensor, which is essentially an array of p-n junctions. It also presents a detailed overview on the device physics aspects of the proposed Solid-State (Silicon) retinal sensor. The design of this sensor was evaluated analytically through extensive physics based device simulations using a commercial Technology computer aided design (TCAD) tool.\par
The mask layout consisting many variants of this sensor has been designed for fabrication in BiCMOS technology. The device physics and biological compatibility aspects of the individual pixel of the sensory array have been addressed with possible solutions to be implemented in future.\par
Keywords : Technology Computer Aided Design, Silicon \& solid state photo-voltaic Cells. INTRODUCTION estoration of sight in the human eye is the subject of cutting-edge research worldwide. The most prevalent concept of restoration of sight for patients with corneal damage is a corneal replacement. But corneal damage is not the only malaise, which inhibits vision in patients throughout the world. Retinal dysfunction or retinopathy accounts for vision loss a significant percentage of patients. The only artificial method to help patients with retinal damage is by way of implanting a sensor in place of the retina and hard wiring the sensor to various points in the cerebral cortex. The problem with implants of electrical nature lays with the life of the power source in this case a battery. This makes it highly impractical to use when considering the implant would be sitting in the eye. The extremely delicate nature of tissue in the human eye makes the job of realizing a viable semiconductor device a very big challenge. To avoid these problems, it is proposed to use a pixilated solid state (silicon) photo-voltaic cell array [Fig. \hyperref[fig_2]{2}] having a pixel size of the order of 100 ?m x 100 ?m (minimum resolution of the human eye). The concept is such that the image will be focused upon the sensor array and the subsequently the individual pixels would be activated and a potential difference would be generated at the electrodes of these individual pixels and which will in turn be coupled to the ganglion fibers in the Macula Fovea region of the eye cavity. Thus establishing an electrical communication between the optic nerve and the artificial retina. 
\section[{II.}]{II.}\par
Sensor Design 
\section[{R}]{R} 
\section[{Global Journal of Medical Research Volume XII Issue IX Version I ear 2012 Y}]{Global Journal of Medical Research Volume XII Issue IX Version I ear 2012 Y}\par
Starting with a p-type, low resistivity (100 Ohmcm), <111>, 300 ?m thick Silicon wafer, a phosphorus implant on the front side formed the n+ field shaping electrodes (anodes/strips) whose widths in this design were 40 ?m with a 30 ?m interstrip gap between adjacent n+ strips (Pitch = Strip Width + Gap = 70?m) [Refer Fig. \hyperref[fig_1]{1 (a)}]. The peak phosphorus concentration in n+ anode region was approximated around 1 x 10 20 cm -3 with a Gaussian distribution along depth. Next, a boron implant on the backside formed the p+ cathode region (substrate contact) having a 40?m width. The next step was to open contact windows for both n+ and p+ regions on front and backsides respectively. The last step being metal deposition and patterning for creation of electrode regions over n+ and p+ regions of the p-n junction. The complete two dimensional layout of the sensor consists of 900 pixels with a total active area of (2mm x 2mm).   As seen from the plot of Terminal current versus optical wavelength, the terminal current shows maxima at an optical wavelength of 900 nm. This is typical of property of the substrate material used, in this case silicon. The source photo-current which is a linear function of the wavelength increases with increase in wavelength. The available photo-current is a measure of the amount of current that would result if all the incident photons were converted to photo generated carriers in the device. The optical photonic radiation was made incident at the closest approach to the top surface of the device. Inspite of that, a significant portion photon flux was lost due to reflection from the specular silicon surface and the metal contacts. Hence this shows in the vast difference in maximum values of available photo current and the terminal current appearing at the device. The plot of quantum efficiency versus wavelength also shows a maximum at 900 nm thereby verifying the earlier results [Fig. \hyperref[fig_4]{4}]. The difference in between the extrinsic and intrinsic quantum efficiency also shows evidence of certain amount of reflection losses. These losses can be substantially minimized using Anti-Reflection Coating over the front surface of the sensor.\par
Alternatively, the simulation for the effect of a variation in optical beam intensity on the terminal voltage (Open circuit voltage) shows a linear increase in voltage with an increase in beam intensity [Fig. \hyperref[fig_5]{5}]. This is analogous to a similar effect of incident light on the human eye. The hypothetical 2-dimensional cross-section was then exposed to an incident optical photon flux and wavelength was varied from 400 nm to 1.5 microns. The optical beam intensity was kept at a level equivalent to the incident normal photon intensity (10 micro-Watts) on a human eye for co-relation. Moreover, the simulation was done only for normal incidence of photons on the sensor. The simulation was performed to derive the relation between the terminal anode current (amperes / micron) with the optical photon wavelength [Fig. \hyperref[fig_3]{3}]. Additionally, the Quantum efficiency (extrinsic \& Intrinsic) was also extracted for the simulated 2-D cross-section of the device.   
\section[{IV. Bio-Compatibility Issues}]{IV. Bio-Compatibility Issues}\par
A bio-compatible conducting will be used to attach the sensor over the damaged retina in the Macula Fovea region (Fig.  {\ref 6}). The glue layer will be patterned by photo lithography such that the glue only remains in the region over the electrode surface and nowhere else. Before attachment of the sensor certain bio-compatibility issues need to be addressed. Firstly, the problem of damage to the inner walls of the eye caused by sharp edges of the scribed sensor die needs utmost attention. This problem can be subverted by introduction of a bio-compatible polymer over the sidewall regions along the thickness region of the sensor die. Secondly, the problem of dead volume occurring due to the curved nature of inner wall of the eye and planar nature of the silicon die. This problem may lead to improper electrical contact between the ganglion fibers in the macula and the sensor. This problem can only be subverted by designing solar cell based sensors over polymer substrates employing an organic electronics regime.  
\section[{Global Journal of}]{Global Journal of} 
\section[{VI. Acknowledgements}]{VI. Acknowledgements}\par
The author expresses a deep sense of gratitude for Late Dr. S. K. Kataria for his guidance and leadership. The author would like to especially thank Mr. Shekhar Basu and Dr. Sinha for their support, in addition to Mr. G. P. Srivastava, Mr. C. K. Pithawa \& Mr. V.B. Chandratre. The author also profoundly expresses his sincere gratitude for the unknown blind man who evoked a sense of inspiration in him to pursue this project.\begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{1}\includegraphics[]{image-2.png}
\caption{\label{fig_0}Figure 1}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{1}\includegraphics[]{image-3.png}
\caption{\label{fig_1}Figure 1 (}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{2}\includegraphics[]{image-4.png}
\caption{\label{fig_2}Figure 2 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{3}\includegraphics[]{image-5.png}
\caption{\label{fig_3}Figure 3 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{4}\includegraphics[]{image-6.png}
\caption{\label{fig_4}Figure 4 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{5}\includegraphics[]{image-7.png}
\caption{\label{fig_5}Figure 5 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{}\includegraphics[]{image-8.png}
\caption{\label{fig_6}}\end{figure}
 			\footnote{© 2012 Global Journals Inc. (US)} 			\footnote{© 2012 Global Journals Inc. (US) © 2012 Global Journals Inc. (US)} 		 		\backmatter  			  				\begin{bibitemlist}{1}
\bibitem[Niemeyer and Mirkin]{b0}\label{b0} 	 		\textit{},  		 			Christof M Niemeyer 		,  		 			Chad A Mirkin 		.  	 	 		\textit{Nanobiotechnology Concepts, Applications \& Perspectives}  		 	 
\bibitem[Mehta ()]{b4}\label{b4} 	 		‘A Proof of Principle Study of A Novel Semiconductor based Charge Particle Identification Telescope’.  		 			Pourus Mehta 		.  	 	 		\textit{Armenian Journal of Physics}  		2012. 5 p. .  	 
\bibitem[Mehta]{b2}\label{b2} 	 		\textit{Development of First Proto-Types of Silicon Drift Detectors: Design, Technology Development, Characterization \& TCAD Figure 6 : Lateral cross-section of the human eye},  		 			Pourus Mehta 		.  		 	 
\bibitem[Pourus and Sudheer ()]{b3}\label{b3} 	 		‘Studies of Simulations’.  		 			Pourus 		,  		 			K M Sudheer 		.  	 	 		\textit{International Journal on Electronic \& Electrical Engineering}  		2011. 16 p. .  	 
\bibitem[Iezzi (2010)]{b1}\label{b1} 	 		‘the Silicon Drift Detector: Design, Technology Development, Characterization \& Physics Simulations’.  		 			Raymond Iezzi 		.  	 	 		\textit{Armenian Journal of Physics}  		April 2010. 2011. 22 p. .  	 	 (Review of Ophthalmology) 
\end{bibitemlist}
 			 		 	 
\end{document}
