@incollection{,
	
					
					
					E454B27947FB0DD6115863D135CCBC2D
				,
	author={{Dr. Vian Ahmed WastaIsmael} and {Hawler Medical University}},
	journal={{Global Journal of Medical Research}},
	journal={{GJMR}}2249-46180975-588810.34257/GJMR,
	address={Cambridge, United States},
	publisher={Global Journals Organisation}12113546
}

@book{b0,
	
	
		,
	title={{Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders}}
		
			,
	year={1994}
			,
	publisher={American Psychiatric Press}
			,
	address={Washington DC}
		
	
	,
	note={4th ed}

}

@incollection{b1,
	
	
		,
	title={{Peg interferon alfa-2a plus ribavirin is more effective than peg interferon alfa-2b plus ribavirin for treating chronic hepatitis C virus infection}}
		,
	author={{
			AAscione
		} and {
			MDe Luca
		} and {
			MTartaglione
		} and {
			FLampasi
		} and {
			DiCostanzo
		} and {
			GLanza
		} and {
			A
		}}
		
		
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Gastroenterology}}
		
			138
			
			,
	year={2010}
		
	

}

@book{b2,
	
	
		,
	title={{Global genomic partner}}
		
			,
	year={2009}
		
	
	,
	note={Bioneer Incorporation}

}

@book{b3,
	
	
		,
	title={{Genomic DNA Extraction kit user's guide. Downloaded from www}}
		
		
	

}

@incollection{b4,
	
	
		,
	title={{Treatment of chronic hepatitis C with pegylated interferon and ribavirin}}
		,
	author={{
			MCornberg
		} and {
			HWedemeyer
		} and {
			MManns
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Curr Gastroenterol Rep}}
		
			4
			
			,
	year={2002}
		
	

}

@incollection{b5,
	
	
		,
	title={{Monitoring of viral levels during therapy of hepatitis C}}
		,
	author={{
			GDavis
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Hepatology}}
		
			36
			
			,
	year={2002}
		
	

}

@incollection{b6,
	
	
		,
	title={{Hemolytic anemia induced by ribavirin therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection: role of membrane oxidative damage}}
		,
	author={{
			LDe Frances Chi
		} and {
			GFattovich
		} and {
			FTurrini
		} and {
			KAyi
		} and {
			CBrugnara
		} and {
			FManzato
		}}
		
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Hepatology}}
		
			31
			
			,
	year={2000}
		
	

}

@book{b7,
	
	
		,
	title={{Pharmacotherapy: a pathophysiologic approach}}
		,
	author={{
			JDipiro
		} and {
			RTalbert
		} and {
			GYee
		} and {
			GMatzke
		} and {
			BWells
		} and {
			LPosey
		}}
		
		
		
		
		
		
			,
	year={2005}
			,
	publisher={McGraw-Hill}
			,
	address={New York}
		
	

}

@incollection{b8,
	
	
		,
	title={{Prospective analysis of depression during peg interferon and ribavirin therapy of chronic hepatitis C: results of the Virahep-C study}}
		,
	author={{
			DEvon
		} and {
			DRamcharran
		} and {
			SBelle
		} and {
			NTerrault
		} and {
			RFontana
		} and {
			MFried
		}}
		
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Am J Gastroenterol}}
		
			104
			
			,
	year={2009}
		
	

}

@incollection{b9,
	
	
		,
	title={{Hepatitis C virus: from laboratory to clinic (illustrated)}}
		,
	author={{
			MFeitelson
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{N ENGL J MED}}
		
			349
			
			,
	year={2003}
		
	

}

@incollection{b10,
	
	
		,
	title={{Predicting sustained virological responses in chronic hepatitis C patients treated with peg interferon alfa-2a (40 KD)/ribavirin}}
		,
	author={{
			PFerenci
		} and {
			MFried
		} and {
			MShiffman
		} and {
			CSmith
		} and {
			GMarinos
		} and {
			FGonçales
		}}
		
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{J Hepatol}}
		
			43
			3
			
			,
	year={2005}
		
	

}

@incollection{b11,
	
	
		,
	title={{Side effects of therapy of hepatitis C and their management}}
		,
	author={{
			MFried
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Hepatology}}
		
			36
			
			,
	year={2002b}
		
	

}

@incollection{b12,
	
	
		,
	title={{Peg interferon alfa-2a plus ribavirin for chronic hepatitis C virus infection}}
		,
	author={{
			MFried
		} and {
			MShiffman
		} and {
			KReddy
		} and {
			GMarinos
		} and {
			FGonçales
		} and {
			DHäussinger
		}}
		
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{N Engl J Med}}
		
			347
			13
			
			,
	year={2002a}
		
	

}

@incollection{b13,
	
	
		,
	title={{An update on treatment of genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C virus infection; practice guideline by the}}
		,
	author={{
			MGhany
		} and {
			DNelson
		} and {
			DStrader
		} and {
			DThomas
		} and {
			LSeeff
		}}
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Hepatology}}
		
			54
			
			,
	year={2011}
			,
	publisher={American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases}
		
	

}

@incollection{b14,
	
	
		,
	title={{An update on diagnosis, management and treatment of hepatitis C virus infection: practice guideline by the}}
		,
	author={{
			MGhany
		} and {
			DStrader
		} and {
			DThomas
		} and {
			LSeeff
		}}
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Hepatology}}
		
			49
			
			,
	year={2009}
			,
	publisher={American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases}
		
	

}

@book{b15,
	
	
		,
	title={{Prevalence of Depression among Cancer Patients Attending Hiwa Hospital for Oncology in Sulaimani City [dissertation]. Iraq: Iraqi board for psychiatric specialization}}
		,
	author={{
			RGharib
		}}
		
			,
	year={2008}
		
	

}

@incollection{b16,
	
	
		,
	title={{Effectiveness and tolerability of pegylated interferon ?-2a and ribavirin combination therapy in Romanian patients with chronic hepatitis C; from clinical trial to clinical practice}}
		,
	author={{
			LGheorghe
		} and {
			MGrigorescu
		} and {
			SIacob
		} and {
			DDamian
		} and {
			CGheorghe
		} and {
			RIacob
		}}
		
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Romanian Journal of Gastroenterology}}
		
			14
			
			,
	year={2005}
		
	

}

@book{b17,
	
	
		,
	title={{Antimicrobial chemotherapy. 5 th edi}}
		,
	author={{
			DGreenwood
		} and {
			RFinch
		} and {
			PDavey
		} and {
			MWilcox
		}}
		
		
		
		
			,
	year={2007}
			,
	publisher={Oxford University Press}
		
	

}

@incollection{b18,
	
	
		,
	title={{Peg interferon-alpha 2a and ribavirin combination therapy in chronic hepatitis C: a randomized study of treatment duration and ribavirin dose}}
		,
	author={{
			SHadziyannis
		} and {
			HSette
		} and {
			TMorgan
		} and {
			VBalan
		} and {
			MDiago
		} and {
			PMarcellin
		}}
		
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Ann Intern Med}}
		
			140
			5
			
			,
	year={2004}
		
	

}

@incollection{b19,
	
	
		,
	title={{Neurobehavioral correlates of chronic hepatitis C}}
		,
	author={{
			RHilsabeck
		} and {
			PMalek-Ahmadi
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{J Psychopathol Behav Assess}}
		
			26
			
			,
	year={2004}
		
	

}

@incollection{b20,
	
	
		,
	title={{A step forward in therapy for hepatitis C}}
		,
	author={{
			JHoofnagle
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{N Engl J Med}}
		
			
			,
	year={2009}
		
	

}

@incollection{b21,
	
	
		,
	title={{Treatment of chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis with recombinant human alpha interferon. A preliminary report}}
		,
	author={{
			JHoofnagle
		} and {
			KMullen
		} and {
			DJones
		} and {
			VRustgi
		} and {
			DiBiscegli
		} and {
			APeters
		} and {
			M
		}}
		
		
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{N Engl J Med}}
		
			315
			25
			
			,
	year={1986}
		
	

}

@incollection{b22,
	
	
		,
	title={{The effectiveness of pegylated interferon and ribavirin combination therapy for chronic hepatitis C in an urban clinic setting compared to povital clinic trials}}
		,
	author={{
			TJohnson
		} and {
			SVasser
		} and {
			SIqbal
		} and {
			DClain
		} and {
			HBodenheimer
		} and {
			MinA
		}}
		
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Gastroenterology}}
		
			126
			724
			,
	year={2004}
		
	

}

@incollection{b23,
	
	
		,
	title={{The burden of hepatitis C in the United States}}
		,
	author={{
			WKim
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Hepatology}}
		
			36
			
			,
	year={2002}
		
	
	,
	note={Suppl}

}

@incollection{b24,
	
	
		,
	title={{Paroxetine for the prevention of depression induced by interferon alfa}}
		,
	author={{
			MKraus
		} and {
			ASchafer
		} and {
			MScheurlen
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{N Engl J Med}}
		
			345
			
			,
	year={2001}
		
	

}

@incollection{b25,
	
	
		,
	title={{Total and cause specific mortality rates in a prospective study of community-acquired hepatitis C virus infection in northern Norway}}
		,
	author={{
			MKristiansen
		} and {
			MLøchen
		} and {
			TGutteberg
		} and {
			LMortensen
		} and {
			BEriksen
		} and {
			JFlorholmen
		}}
		
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{J Viral Hepat}}
		
			18
			4
			
			,
	year={2011}
		
	

}

@incollection{b26,
	
	
		,
	title={{Introduction to therapy of hepatitis C}}
		,
	author={{
			KLindsay
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Hepatology}}
		
			36
			
			,
	year={2002}
		
	

}

@incollection{b27,
	
	
		,
	title={{Adherence to combination therapy: influence on sustained virologic response and economic impact}}
		,
	author={{
			MManns
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Gastroenterol Clin N Am}}
		
			33
			
			,
	year={2004}
		
	

}

@incollection{b28,
	
	
		,
	title={{Peg interferon alfa-2a plus ribavirin compared with interferon alfa-2a plus ribavirin for initial treatment of chronic hepatitis C: a randomised trial}}
		,
	author={{
			MManns
		} and {
			JMchutchison
		} and {
			SGordon
		} and {
			VRustgi
		} and {
			MShiffman
		} and {
			RReindollar
		}}
		
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Lancet}}
		
			358
			
			,
	year={2001}
		
	

}

@incollection{b29,
	
	
		,
	title={{Treating viral hepatitis C: efficacy, side effects and complications}}
		,
	author={{
			MManns
		} and {
			HWedemeyer
		} and {
			MCornberg
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Gut}}
		
			55
			
			,
	year={2006}
		
	

}

@incollection{b30,
	
	
		,
	title={{Reduced Dose and Duration of Peginterferon alfa-2b and Weight-Based Ribavirin in Patients with Genotype 2 and 3 Chronic Hepatitis C}}
		,
	author={{
			MManns
		} and {
			SZeuzem
		} and {
			ASood
		} and {
			YLurie
		} and {
			MCornberg
		} and {
			HKlinker
		}}
		
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{J Hepatol}}
		
			55
			3
			
			,
	year={2011}
		
	

}

@book{b31,
	
	
		,
	title={{Hepatology; a clinical text book}}
		,
	author={{
			SMauss
		} and {
			TBerg
		} and {
			JRockstroh
		} and {
			CSarrazin
		} and {
			HWedemeyer
		}}
		
		
		
		
		
			,
	year={2012}
			,
	publisher={Flying Publisher}
			,
	address={Germany}
		
	
	,
	note={3rd edi}

}

@incollection{b32,
	
	
		,
	title={{Current therapy for hepatitis C: pegylated interferon and ribavirin}}
		,
	author={{
			JMchutchison
		} and {
			MFried
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Clin Liver Dis}}
		
			7
			
			,
	year={2003}
		
	

}

@incollection{b33,
	
	
		,
	title={{Peg interferon alfa-2b or alfa-2a with ribavirin for treatment of hepatitis C infection}}
		,
	author={{
			JMchutchison
		} and {
			ELawitz
		} and {
			MShiffman
		} and {
			AMuir
		} and {
			GGaller
		} and {
			JMccone
		}}
		
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{N Engl J Med}}
		
			361
			6
			
			,
	year={2009}
		
	

}

@incollection{b34,
	
	
		,
	title={{Depression and pegylated interferon-based hepatitis C treatment}}
		,
	author={{
			HPapafragkakis
		} and {
			MRao
		} and {
			MMoehlen
		} and {
			SDhillon
		} and {
			PMartin
		}}
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{International Journal of Interferon}}
		
			4
			
			,
	year={2012}
		
	
	,
	note={Cytokine and Mediator Research}

}

@book{b35,
	
	
		,
	title={{}}
		,
	author={{
			MRumi
		} and {
			AAghemo
		} and {
			GPrati
		} and {
			D'ambrosio
		} and {
			RDonato
		} and {
			MSoffredini
		} and {
			R
		}}
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
			,
	year={2010}
		
	
	,
	note={Randomized study of peginterferon-alpha-2a}

}

@book{b36,
	
	
		,
	title={{Sherris medical microbiology; an introduction to infectious diseases}}
		,
	author={{
			KRyan
		} and {
			CRay
		} and {
			Editors
		}}
		
		
		
			,
	year={2004}
			,
	publisher={McGraw-Hill}
			,
	address={New York}
		
	
	,
	note={4th edi}

}

@incollection{b37,
	
	
		,
	title={{Antiviral therapy for treatment naïve patients with hepatitis C virus}}
		,
	author={{
			OSangik
		} and {
			NAfdhal
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Infect Dis Clin N Am}}
		
			20
			
			,
	year={2006}
		
	

}

@incollection{b38,
	
	
		,
	title={{Prophylaxis, diagnosis and therapy of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection: the German guidelines on the management of HCV infection}}
		,
	author={{
			CSarrazin
		} and {
			TBerg
		} and {
			RRoss
		} and {
			PSchirmacher
		} and {
			HWedemeyer
		} and {
			UNeumann
		}}
		
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Z Gastroenterol}}
		
			48
			2
			
			,
	year={2010}
		
	

}

@incollection{b39,
	
	
		,
	title={{Peg interferon alfa-2a and ribavirin for 16 or 24 weeks in HCV genotype 2 or 3}}
		,
	author={{
			MShiffman
		} and {
			FSuter
		} and {
			BBacon
		} and {
			DNelson
		} and {
			HHarley
		} and {
			RSolá
		}}
		
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{N Engl J Med}}
		
			357
			2
			
			,
	year={2007}
		
	

}

@incollection{b40,
	
	
		,
	title={{American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. Diagnosis, management, and treatment of hepatitis C}}
		,
	author={{
			DStrader
		} and {
			TWright
		} and {
			DThomas
		} and {
			LSeeff
		}}
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Hepatology}}
		
			39
			
			,
	year={2004}
		
	

}

@book{b41,
	
	
		,
	author={{
			RWalker
		} and {
			OEdwards
		}}
		
		,
	title={{Clinical Pharmacy and Theraputics}}
				New York
		
			,
	publisher={Chuchill Livingstone Elsevier}
			,
	year={2007}
		
	
	,
	note={4th edition}

}

@book{b42,
	
	
		,
	title={{}}
		,
	author={{
			BWells
		} and {
			JDipiro
		} and {
			TChwinghammer
		}}
		
		
		
			,
	year={2006}
			,
	publisher={Mc Graw Hill}
			,
	address={Hamilton C editors; New York}
		
	
	,
	note={6th ed.}

}

@incollection{b43,
	
	
		,
	title={{Global challenges in liver disease}}
		,
	author={{
			RWilliams
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Hepatology}}
		
			44
			
			,
	year={2006}
		
	

}

@incollection{b44,
	
	
		,
	title={{Social stigmatization and hepatitis C virus infection}}
		,
	author={{
			SZacks
		} and {
			KBeavers
		} and {
			DTheodore
		} and {
			KDougherty
		} and {
			BBatey
		} and {
			JShumaker
		}}
		
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{J Clin Gastroenterol}}
		
			40
			3
			
			,
	year={2006}
		
	

}

@incollection{b45,
	
	
		,
	title={{Pharmacokinetics of peginterferons}}
		,
	author={{
			SZeuzem
		} and {
			CWelsch
		} and {
			EHerrmann
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Semin Liver Dis}}
		
			23
			
			,
	year={2003}
		
	

}

@book{b46,
	
	
		,
	title={{Table 1 : Viral load (amount of HCV RNA in serum in IU/ml) of HCV infected patients, genotypes one and four, before treatment and 3 months after starting treatment with PegIFN ?-2a 180 ?g/week and RBV 1200, 1000 or 800 mg/day. Each value represents the mean ± standard error. Number of patients = 47 (Very high viral load=13}}
		
	
	,
	note={High viral load=15, Moderate viral load=5, Low viral load=14}

}