@incollection{,
	
					
					
					D62029C55018169D756285297BD942FC
				,
	author={{NjikuKimu} and {ObadiaNyongole} and {FrankBright} and {JasperMbwambo} and {MUHIMBILI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH AND ALLIED SCIENCES}},
	journal={{Global Journal of Medical Research}},
	journal={{GJMR}}2249-46180975-588810.34257/GJMR,
	address={Cambridge, United States},
	publisher={Global Journals Organisation}154714
}

@incollection{b0,
	
	
		,
	title={{Long-term results of internal urethrotomy}}
		,
	author={{
			PAlbers
		} and {
			JFichtner
		} and {
			PBruhl
		} and {
			SCMuller
		}}
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{J Urol}}
		
			156
			
			,
	year={1996}
		
	

}

@incollection{b1,
	
	
		,
	title={{The Role of Dilation and Internal Urethrotomy as a Risk Factor of Failure in Patients Who Undergoing One-Stage Bulbar Oral Graft Urethroplasty}}
		,
	author={{
			GBarbagli
		} and {
			GGuazzoni
		} and {
			SSansalone
		} and {
			GRomano
		} and {
			MLazzeri
		}}
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Urological Open Access Journal}}
		
			2
			
			,
	year={2012}
		
	

}

@incollection{b2,
	
	
		,
	title={{The impact of optical urethrotomy on the management of urethral strictures}}
		,
	author={{
			CPChilton
		} and {
			PjrShah
		} and {
			CGFowler
		} and {
			RCTiptaft
		} and {
			JPBlandy
		}}
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Br J Urol}}
		
			55
			
			,
	year={1983}
		
	

}

@incollection{b3,
	
	
		,
	title={{The current role of direct vision internal urethrotomy and self-catheterization for anterior urethral strictures}}
		,
	author={{
			DDubey
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Indian J Urol}}
		
			27
			3
			
			,
	year={2011 Jul-Sep}
		
	

}

@incollection{b4,
	
	
		,
	title={{The role of selective internal urethrotomy in the management of urethral stricture: A multicentre evaluation}}
		,
	author={{
			CgcGaches
		} and {
			MHAshken
		} and {
			MDunn
		} and {
			JCHammonds
		} and {
			ILJenkins
		} and {
			PjbSmith
		}}
		
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Br J Urol}}
		
			51
			
			,
	year={1979}
		
	

}

@incollection{b5,
	
	
		,
	title={{Repeat urethrotomy and dilation for the treatment of urethral stricture are neither clinically effective nor cost-effective}}
		,
	author={{
			TJGreenwell
		} and {
			CCastle
		} and {
			DEAndrich
		} and {
			JTMacdonald
		} and {
			DLNicol
		} and {
			ARMundy
		}}
		
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{J Urol}}
		
			172
			
			,
	year={2004}
		
	

}

@incollection{b6,
	
	
		,
	title={{Long-term outcome of visual internal urethrotomy for the management of pediatric urethral strictures}}
		,
	author={{
			ATHafez
		} and {
			AEl-Assmy
		} and {
			MSDawaba
		} and {
			OSarhan
		} and {
			MBazeed
		}}
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{J Urol}}
		
			173
			2
			
			,
	year={2005 Feb}
		
	

}

@incollection{b7,
	
	
		,
	title={{The endoscopic treatment of urethral strictures in Mekelle, Ethiopia}}
		,
	author={{
			MHagos
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Ethiop Med J}}
		
			46
			4
			
			,
	year={2008 Oct}
		
	

}

@incollection{b8,
	
	
		,
	title={{Treatment of male urethral strictures: Is repeated dilatation or urethrotomy useful}}
		,
	author={{
			CFHeyns
		} and {
			JWSteenkamp
		} and {
			DeKock
		} and {
			MLWhitaker
		} and {
			P
		}}
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{J Urol}}
		
			160
			
			,
	year={1998}
		
	

}

@incollection{b9,
	
	
		,
	title={{Prospective evaluation of the American Urological Association symptom index and peak urinary flow rate for the follow-up of men with known urethral stricture disease}}
		,
	author={{
			CFHeyns
		} and {
			DCMarais
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{J Urol}}
		
			
			,
	year={2002}
		
	

}

@incollection{b10,
	
	
		,
	title={{Outcome of urethral strictures treated by endoscopic urethrotomy and urethroplasty}}
		,
	author={{
			JavierT
		} and {
			MiguelA A
		} and {
			SergioMMercedes
		} and {
			NVictor
		} and {
			ML
		}}
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Can Urol Assoc J}}
		
			8
			
			,
	year={2014 Jan-Feb}
		
	

}

@book{b11,
	
	
		,
	title={{Surgery of the penis and urethra}}
		,
	author={{
			GHJordan
		} and {
			Mccammon
		}}
		
		,
	editor={Campbell-Walsh Urology 10 th Ed. Philadelphia}
		
			,
	year={2012}
			,
	publisher={Elsevier Inc}
			
		
	

}

@incollection{b12,
	
	
		,
	title={{Low-power holmium: YAG laser urethrotomy for treatment of urethral strictures: Functional outcome and quality of life}}
		,
	author={{
			SKamp
		} and {
			TKnoll
		} and {
			MMOsman
		} and {
			KUKohrmann
		} and {
			MSMichel
		} and {
			PAlken
		}}
		
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{J Endourol}}
		
			20
			
			,
	year={2006}
		
	

}

@incollection{b13,
	
	
		,
	title={{Prevention of urethral stricture recurrence using clean intermittent selfcatheterization}}
		,
	author={{
			BKjaeergard
		} and {
			SWalter
		} and {
			JBartholin
		} and {
			JTAndersen
		} and {
			SNøhr
		} and {
			HBeck
		}}
		
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Jr J Urol}}
		
			73
			
			,
	year={1994}
		
	

}

@incollection{b14,
	
	
		,
	title={{Perineal anastomotic urethroplasty for posttraumatic urethral stricture with or without previous urethral manipulations: A review of 61 cases with long-term follow up}}
		,
	author={{
			MLumen
		} and {
			PHoebeke
		} and {
			BDTroyer
		} and {
			BYsebaert
		} and {
			WOosterlinck
		}}
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{J Urol}}
		
			181
			
			,
	year={2009}
		
	

}

@incollection{b15,
	
	
		,
	title={{Can outcome of internal urethrotomy for short segment bulbar urethral stricture be predicted?}}
		,
	author={{
			AMandhani
		} and {
			HChaudhury
		} and {
			RKapoor
		} and {
			ASrivastava
		} and {
			DDubey
		} and {
			AKumar
		}}
		
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{J Urol}}
		
			173
			
			,
	year={2005}
		
	

}

@incollection{b16,
	
	
		,
	title={{The profile and Management of urethral strictures at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Center}}
		,
	author={{
			KAMteta
		} and {
			PMMusau
		} and {
			AMKategile
		} and {
			SKaali
		}}
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{BJUI}}
		
			934
			5
			73
			,
	year={2009}
		
	

}

@incollection{b17,
	
	
		,
	title={{Management of urethral strictures}}
		,
	author={{
			ARMundy
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Postgrad Med J}}
		
			82
			970
			
			,
	year={2006 Aug}
		
	

}

@book{b18,
	
	
		,
	title={{Treatment Options and Outcomes of Urethral Stricture in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. Have we utilized all the Options? East and Central African Journal of Surgery}}
		,
	author={{
			OVNyongole
		} and {
			LOAkoko
		} and {
			AHMwanga
		} and {
			CMkony
		}}
		
		
		
		
			,
	year={November/December 2013}
			18
			
		
	

}

@incollection{b19,
	
	
		,
	title={{Internal urethrotomy in the management of anterior urethral strictures: Long term follow-up}}
		,
	author={{
			VPansadoro
		} and {
			PEmilliozi
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{J Urol}}
		
			156
			
			,
	year={1996}
		
	

}

@incollection{b20,
	
	
		,
	title={{Visual internal urethrotomy in the management of anterior urethral stricture}}
		,
	author={{
			VMRamyil
		} and {
			DakumN K
		} and {
			LimanU SUdeh
		} and {
			EJ
		}}
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{African Journal of Urology}}
		
			13
			4
			
			,
	year={2007 Nov}
		
	

}

@incollection{b21,
	
	
		,
	title={{Urethrotomy has a much lower success rate than previously reported}}
		,
	author={{
			RASantucci
		} and {
			LEisenberg
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{J Urol}}
		
			183
			
			,
	year={2010}
		
	

}

@incollection{b22,
	
	
		,
	title={{The early results of treatment of stricture of the male urethral using the Sachse optical urethrotome}}
		,
	author={{
			PjbSmith
		} and {
			MDunn
		} and {
			ADounis
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Br J Urol}}
		
			51
			
			,
	year={1979}
		
	

}

@incollection{b23,
	
	
		,
	title={{Optical urethrotome in management of urethral stricture in the male: preliminary communication}}
		,
	author={{
			PSmith
		} and {
			MDunn
		} and {
			DASachse
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine}}
		
			71
			
			,
	year={1978}
		
	

}

@incollection{b24,
	
	
		,
	title={{Urethral strictures: Etiology, investigation and treatments}}
		,
	author={{
			STritschler
		} and {
			ARoosen
		} and {
			C;Füllhase
		} and {
			CStief
		} and {
			HG; Rübben
		}}
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Dtsch Arztebl Int}}
		
			110
			13
			
			,
	year={2013}
		
	

}

@incollection{b25,
	
	
		,
	title={{KTP-532 laser ablation of urethral strictures}}
		,
	author={{
			PJTurek
		} and {
			MCendron
		} and {
			TRMalloy
		} and {
			VLCarpiniello
		} and {
			AJWein
		}}
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Urology}}
		
			40
			
			,
	year={1992}
		
	

}

@incollection{b26,
	
	
		,
	title={{Predictors of recurrence of urethral stricture disease following optical urethrotomy}}
		,
	author={{
			AAZehri
		} and {
			MHAther
		} and {
			QAfshan
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Int J Surg}}
		
			7
			
			,
	year={2009}
		
	

}