Abstract

Cell-mediated immunity is critical for the prevention and control of Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD). Despite significant advancements in modern vaccinology, inactivated whole virus vaccines for FMD remain the mainstay for prophylactic and emergency uses. Emergency vaccination as part of the control strategies against foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) has the potential to limit virus spread and reduce large-scale culling. Many efforts are currently devoted to improve the immune responses and protective efficacy of these vaccines. Adjuvants, which are often used to potentiate immune responses, provide an excellent mean to improve the efficacy of FMD vaccines. Aim: To evaluate three oil adjuvants namely: Montanide ISA- 206, ISA-201 and ISA- 61 for adjuvant potential in inactivated FMD vaccine by determination of the produced amounts of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in cattle vaccinated with FMD trivalent vaccine adjuvanted with different Montanide oils using interferon-gamma Assay for evaluation of FMD virus-specific cell-mediated immunity.