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\def\makelabel##1{\upshape ##1}}% } {\end{list}\end{raggedright}} \newenvironment{specHead}[2]% {\vspace{20pt}\hrule\vspace{10pt}% \phantomsection\label{#1}\markright{#2}% \pdfbookmark[2]{#2}{#1}% \hspace{-0.75in}{\bfseries\fontsize{16pt}{18pt}\selectfont#2}% }{} \def\TheFullDate{2022 1970-01-01 (revised: 34 Year 2022 01 January 1970)} \def\TheID{\makeatother } \def\TheDate{2022 1970-01-01} \title{Result of a Questionnaire Survey of 61 Females on their Satisfaction with Fish, Calcium and Protein Intake} \author{}\makeatletter \makeatletter \newcommand*{\cleartoleftpage}{% \clearpage \if@twoside \ifodd\c@page \hbox{}\newpage \if@twocolumn \hbox{}\newpage \fi \fi \fi } \makeatother \makeatletter \thispagestyle{empty} \markright{\@title}\markboth{\@title}{\@author} \renewcommand\small{\@setfontsize\small{9pt}{11pt}\abovedisplayskip 8.5\p@ plus3\p@ minus4\p@ \belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip \abovedisplayshortskip \z@ plus2\p@ \belowdisplayshortskip 4\p@ plus2\p@ minus2\p@ \def\@listi{\leftmargin\leftmargini \topsep 2\p@ plus1\p@ minus1\p@ \parsep 2\p@ plus\p@ minus\p@ \itemsep 1pt} } \makeatother \fvset{frame=single,numberblanklines=false,xleftmargin=5mm,xrightmargin=5mm} \fancyhf{} \setlength{\headheight}{14pt} \fancyhead[LE]{\bfseries\leftmark} \fancyhead[RO]{\bfseries\rightmark} \fancyfoot[RO]{} \fancyfoot[CO]{\thepage} \fancyfoot[LO]{\TheID} \fancyfoot[LE]{} \fancyfoot[CE]{\thepage} \fancyfoot[RE]{\TheID} \hypersetup{citebordercolor=0.75 0.75 0.75,linkbordercolor=0.75 0.75 0.75,urlbordercolor=0.75 0.75 0.75,bookmarksnumbered=true} \fancypagestyle{plain}{\fancyhead{}\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt}} \date{} \usepackage{authblk} \providecommand{\keywords}[1] { \footnotesize \textbf{\textit{Index terms---}} #1 } \usepackage{graphicx,xcolor} \definecolor{GJBlue}{HTML}{273B81} \definecolor{GJLightBlue}{HTML}{0A9DD9} \definecolor{GJMediumGrey}{HTML}{6D6E70} \definecolor{GJLightGrey}{HTML}{929497} \renewenvironment{abstract}{% \setlength{\parindent}{0pt}\raggedright \textcolor{GJMediumGrey}{\rule{\textwidth}{2pt}} \vskip16pt \textcolor{GJBlue}{\large\bfseries\abstractname\space} }{% \vskip8pt \textcolor{GJMediumGrey}{\rule{\textwidth}{2pt}} \vskip16pt } \usepackage[absolute,overlay]{textpos} \makeatother \usepackage{lineno} \linenumbers \begin{document} \author[1]{Naomi Katayama} \author[2]{Shoko Kondo} \affil[1]{ Nagoya Womens University} \renewcommand\Authands{ and } \date{\small \em Received: 1 January 1970 Accepted: 1 January 1970 Published: 1 January 1970} \maketitle \begin{abstract} Since the calcium intake has not reached the target amount of 600 ~ 800 mg per day in the Japanese diet, calcium intake is recommended in the daily diet. And in recent years, Japan has been promoting protein intake for the elderly to prevent sarcopenia and frailty. Japan also recommended to take EPA and DHA to maintain smooth blood vessels and memory maintenance. Therefore, as a first step to understanding the actual situation, this study conducted a questionnaire survey on the information of fish rich in EPA and DHA and the intake of Ca and protein.Sixty-one participants were given a self-anubnustered questionnaire regarding fish, calcium and protein intake. The questionnaire method is self-administered, and the questions are about age, height, weight, and desired purchase price of fish. We asked the following questions, frequency of eating fish, frequency of eating meat, frequency of eating eggs, and frequency of eating bean products. \end{abstract} \keywords{questionnaire surveys, consumption of fish, calcium intake, protein intake.} \begin{textblock*}{18cm}(1cm,1cm) % {block width} (coords) \textcolor{GJBlue}{\LARGE Global Journals \LaTeX\ JournalKaleidoscope\texttrademark} \end{textblock*} \begin{textblock*}{18cm}(1.4cm,1.5cm) % {block width} (coords) \textcolor{GJBlue}{\footnotesize \\ Artificial Intelligence formulated this projection for compatibility purposes from the original article published at Global Journals. However, this technology is currently in beta. \emph{Therefore, kindly ignore odd layouts, missed formulae, text, tables, or figures.}} \end{textblock*} \begin{textblock*}{10cm}(1.05cm,3cm) {{\textit{CrossRef DOI of original article:}} \underline{}} \end{textblock*}\let\tabcellsep& \section[{Introduction}]{Introduction}\par n Japan, the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare publishes dietary standards for Japanese every five years. According to the Japanese Dietary Intake Standards issued by the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare in 2020, the daily protein intake for adults is 60g for males and 50g for females.\par Per capita consumption of seafood in Japan continues decline. According to the Japanese "Food Supply and Demand Chart," the consumption of edible seafood per person per year, peak intake of fish per person is 40.2 kg in 2001, but peak intake of fish per person is 24. 6 kg in 2016 which is 1.1 kg less than the previous year. This fish intake is about the same level as in the late 1930s.In recent years, in Japan, protein intake is starting to decrease. This is thought to be due to factors such as the aging of the population. Calcium intake in Japan is much less than the recommended amount of 800\textasciitilde 700mg for males and 650\textasciitilde 600mg for females. The recent calcium intake in Japan is 470\textasciitilde 550mg for males and 400\textasciitilde 500mg for females. That is nearly 250mg less than the recommended amount.\par Data from 1995 to 2015 show that Japanese protein intake is declining. Total protein may be sufficient, but animal proteins are too few, and it can be said that the Japanese lack "good quality protein."That means that the amino acid score does not exceed 100.\par The 61 females (18-28) who participated in a health class were asked about satisfaction with their intake of fish, calcium, and protein intake. \section[{II.}]{II.} \section[{Materials and Methods}]{Materials and Methods}\par Participants were 61 females who were briefed about the study and signed a consent form. The questions consisted of the following seven items. 1) Do you like fish to eat? 2) Do you know a commercial fish that can eat up to the bones? 3) Would you like to eat a fish that can be eaten up to the bones of a commercial product? 4) Do you feel that you are deficient in calcium intake daily? 5) Do you want to take calcium positively? 6) Do you feel that you are deficient in protein intake daily? 7) Do you want to take protein positively? Participants self-administered responses to a sevenitem questionnaire. In addition, participants were asked about their frequency of consumption of fish, meat, eggs, and beans using a self-administered questionnaire. The participants also answered the desired purchase price of the fish whose bones are edible. \section[{III.}]{III.}\par Results 61 participants aged 18 to 28 years (see Table \hyperref[tab_0]{1}.), and the average age ± standard deviation was 21.1 ± 2.0. Weight was 52.9±7.1, and height was 158.4±5.9 (see Table {\ref 2} \section[{.).}]{.).}\par Table \hyperref[tab_1]{3} shows the results of a seven-item selfadministered questionnaire conducted on the participants. Among the participants, 83.6\% answered that they like to fish. The participants of 75.4\% responded that they know a commercial fish that can eat up to the bones. Among the participants, 82.0\% answered that they would like to eat a commercial product of fish whose bones are edible. In addition, 68.9\% of the participants answered that they felt calcium deficiency in their daily lives. And 95.1\% of the participants insisted on positive calcium intake. Similarly, 32.8\% of the participants felt that they were not getting enough protein in their daily lives. The participants of 90.2\% responded that they want to take protein positively.\par Participants filled out a self-administered questionnaire about the frequency of consumption of fish, meat, eggs, and beans (see Table \hyperref[tab_2]{4}.). Many participants responded to the question as follows. They ate fish 1-2 times a week, meat 3-4 times a week, eggs 3-4 times a week, and beans 1-2 times a week.\par In addition, participants answered the following questions: 6.6\% of participants ate meat every day, 23.0\% of participants ate eggs every day, and 18.0\% of participants ate beans every day. However, none of the participants ate fish every day. Table \hyperref[tab_3]{5} shows the results of a self-administered questionnaire survey of participants regarding the desired purchase price of commercially available fish that even the bones can be eaten. As a result, among the participants, the most requested price was 200 yen (about 1.5 US dollars). However, the reality is that the price of commercially available fish with edible bones in 400 yen (about 3-4 US dollars). It is about twice the purchase price requested by the participants.years \section[{IV.}]{IV.} \section[{Discussions}]{Discussions}\par From the results of a self-administered questionnaire survey conducted on 61 females, they did not feel a lack of protein, but felt a lack of calcium. However, 61 females wanted to consume both protein and calcium actively. The participants knew that even the bones of the fish were edible and tried to eat them, but the purchase price they wanted to buy them at a price far below the actual market price. Therefore, consumers consider fish that can be eaten, even the bones, expensive. As the protein in daily life, it is possible to purchase eggs, beans, and meat every day, but it is not easy to eat fish every day. Fish contain not only high-quality protein, but also large amounts of EPA and DHA1), which are suitable for blood vessels 2-4) and the brain \hyperref[b9]{5} ). In order to prevent Alzheimer's disease \hyperref[b11]{6,}\hyperref[b13]{7)} , it is desirable to take EPA and DHA, which are abundant in fish oil. They are also reported to be effective in preventing neuropathy \hyperref[b15]{8)} and leading to health promotion by numerous reports \hyperref[b17]{9,}\hyperref[b19]{10)} . Eating fish for calcium {\ref 11)} and for protein \hyperref[b22]{12,}\hyperref[b23]{13)} intake is recommended. However, the high price of fish prevents consumers from purchasing fish daily. Even if it is challenging to buy raw fish, is it possible to increase the consumption of fish whose bones are edible by storing it at room temperature in retort pouches and using canned food?\par Encourage consumers to consume processed fish caught in season (such as canned fish that can store for a long time and even the bones are edible) to increase protein and calcium intake.\par V. \section[{Conclusions}]{Conclusions}\par Concerning the consumption of calcium, which did not meet the Japanese dietary intake standards, and the consumption of fish, which is declining a selfadministered questionnaire survey was conducted on 61 females. As a result, the participants felt that their protein intake was sufficient, but felt that their calcium intake was low. The participants answered that they wanted to ingest both protein and calcium actively. The participants knew that there were fish available on the market that could be eaten, including the bones, from which calcium and protein could be ingested simultaneously, but they did not know that the price was higher than the asking price. Some participants ate eggs, meat, and beans daily, but none ate fish daily. In the future, we would like to introduce low-price canned fish and retort-pouch foods to consumers, increase the consumption of fish, even the bones which can be eaten, and increase the intake of calcium and protein. \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{1} \par \begin{longtable}{P{0.5970972423802612\textwidth}P{0.03454281567489115\textwidth}P{0.014804063860667634\textwidth}P{0.004934687953555878\textwidth}P{0.004934687953555878\textwidth}P{0.033309143686502174\textwidth}P{0.0037010159651669084\textwidth}P{0.0037010159651669084\textwidth}P{0.059216255442670535\textwidth}P{0.04934687953555878\textwidth}P{0.040711175616835994\textwidth}P{0.0037010159651669084\textwidth}} old\tabcellsep 18\tabcellsep 19\tabcellsep 20\tabcellsep 21\tabcellsep 22\tabcellsep 23\tabcellsep 24\tabcellsep 25\tabcellsep 26\tabcellsep 27\tabcellsep 28\\ number of participants\tabcellsep 3\tabcellsep 7\tabcellsep 14\tabcellsep 20\tabcellsep 7\tabcellsep 2\tabcellsep 3\tabcellsep 2\tabcellsep 2\tabcellsep 0\tabcellsep 1\\ \multicolumn{9}{l}{Table 2. Basic information of 61 participants}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\ \tabcellsep \multicolumn{3}{l}{Average age}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{3}{l}{Average height}\tabcellsep \multicolumn{4}{l}{Average weight}\\ Average±Standard diviation\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{21.1 ±2.0}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{3}{l}{158.4 ±5.9}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{52.9 ±7.1}\tabcellsep \\ \tabcellsep \multicolumn{3}{l}{Question items}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep Yes\tabcellsep No\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{No answer}\\ Do you like fish to eat?\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep 83.6\tabcellsep 16.4\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{0.0}\\ \multicolumn{4}{l}{Do you know a commercial fish that can eat up to the bones?}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep 75.4\tabcellsep 24.6\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{0.0}\\ \multicolumn{7}{l}{Would you like to eat a fish that can be eaten up to the bones of a commercial product?}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 82.0\tabcellsep 18.0\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{0.0}\\ \multicolumn{5}{l}{Do you feel that you are deficient in calcium intake on a daily basis?}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep 68.9\tabcellsep 29.5\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{1.6}\\ \multicolumn{2}{l}{Do you want to take calcium positively?}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep 95.1\tabcellsep 3.3\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{1.6}\\ \multicolumn{5}{l}{Do you feel that you are deficient in protein intake on a daily basis?}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep 32.8\tabcellsep 67.2\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{0.0}\\ \multicolumn{2}{l}{Do you want to take protein positively?}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep 90.2\tabcellsep 9.8\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{0.0}\end{longtable} \par \caption{\label{tab_0}Table 1 .}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{3} \par \begin{longtable}{P{0.85\textwidth}} Year 2022\\ 32\end{longtable} \par \caption{\label{tab_1}Table 3 .}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{4} \par \begin{longtable}{} \end{longtable} \par \caption{\label{tab_2}Table 4 .}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{5} \par \begin{longtable}{P{0.34683908045977013\textwidth}P{0.31264367816091954\textwidth}P{0.021982758620689654\textwidth}P{0.01954022988505747\textwidth}P{0.021982758620689654\textwidth}P{0.01954022988505747\textwidth}P{0.024425287356321837\textwidth}P{0.01954022988505747\textwidth}P{0.03663793103448276\textwidth}P{0.026867816091954023\textwidth}} Questions\tabcellsep \multicolumn{7}{l}{50 yen 100 yen 120 yen 150 yen 180 yen 200 yen 250 yen}\tabcellsep 280 yen\tabcellsep \\ Suggested purchase price (number)\tabcellsep 1\tabcellsep 5\tabcellsep 1\tabcellsep 8\tabcellsep 1\tabcellsep 16\tabcellsep 5\tabcellsep 2\tabcellsep \\ Suggested purchase price (\%)\tabcellsep 1.6\tabcellsep 8.2\tabcellsep 1.6\tabcellsep 13.1\tabcellsep 1.6\tabcellsep 26.2\tabcellsep 8.2\tabcellsep 3.3\tabcellsep \\ Questions\tabcellsep \multicolumn{8}{l}{298 yen 300 yen 350 yen 400 yen 500 yen 800 yen 1000 yen no answer}\tabcellsep \\ Suggested purchase price (number)\tabcellsep 1\tabcellsep 7\tabcellsep 2\tabcellsep 5\tabcellsep 4\tabcellsep 1\tabcellsep 1\tabcellsep 1\tabcellsep \\ Suggested purchase price (\%)\tabcellsep 1.6\tabcellsep 11.5\tabcellsep 3.3\tabcellsep 8.2\tabcellsep 6.6\tabcellsep 1.6\tabcellsep 1.6\tabcellsep 1.6\tabcellsep Year 2022\\ \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep 33\end{longtable} \par \caption{\label{tab_3}Table 5 .}\end{figure} \backmatter \subsection[{Acknowledgements}]{Acknowledgements}\par This study was supported by the Japanese Society of Taste Technology, 2021. \begin{bibitemlist}{1} \bibitem[Free]{b5}\label{b5} \textit{}, Free . \textit{Clinical Trial} \bibitem[Horrocks et al. 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