Abstract-For a long time, the author has been involved in taste and smell with Yakumo Town (rural) residents in Hokkaido and Nagoya-City (urban) in Aichi Prefecture. Participants answered a self-administered questionnaire, and then took a simple salty taste test and a simple olfactory test. However, until now, the author has not been able to compare the results of a questionnaire survey of Yakumo Town, Hokkaido, and residents of Nagoya City, Aichi Prefecture. Therefore, this time, we will report the results. A self-reported questionnaire was given to the participants to determine the presence or absence of dizziness (1, no dizziness, 2. dizziness, and 3. dizziness all the time). In addition, the participants were given a simple salty taste test (Solceive: manufactured by Advantech), andan olfactory test (smell test: Daiichi Yakuhin Kogyo Co., Ltd.) was performed. In addition, participants filled in a self-administered questionnaire about their physical conditions (,age, sex, height, weight, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure). As a result, the subjective feeling of dizziness was statistically significantly higher in Nagoya City residents than in Yakumo Town residents (P=0.044*). In addition, the subjective sense of salty taste and smell was statistically significantly worse in Yakumo Town residents than in Nagoya-shi residents (Salt taste P=0.027*Olfactory P=0.017*). However, when the results of salty taste and olfactory tests were conducted on the residents of Nagoya City and Yakumo Town, there was no statistically significant difference (salty taste test results P = 0.614, Olfactory test result P=0.052). Regarding the subjective feeling of dizziness, in the future, we will conduct actual measurements of the sway of the center of gravity using Stabilometer for both residents. We believe that it is necessary to obtain definite results. # Introduction ince 2005, I have conducted a simple taste/olfactory test and a self-administered questionnaire at the health checkup for residents of Yakumo Town, Hokkaido [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] . Similarly, a simple taste/olfactory test and a selfadministered questionnaire survey were conducted at a health class for residents of Nagoya City [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] . However, until now, no comparison has been made between the two regions. Therefore, we compared the results of these two regions this time. Residents of Yakumo Town (FY2019) and Nagoya City (FY2022) were asked to feel dizziness, taste, and olfaction by using a self-administered questionnaire. And participants also took simple salty taste test and a simple olfactory test. At the same time, primary data such as age, sex, height, weight, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure were obtained. A questionnaire survey was also conducted on subjective dizziness. Feeling dizzy (light-headedness, fluffiness) due to changes in the amount and contents of food associated with the decline in taste and smell 21) related to Yakumo Town whaich is located in the south part of Hokkaido island in the northern part of Japan. There is a little population movement, and the population is settled. On the other hand, Nagoya City is located almost in the center of Japan, between Tokyo and Osaka. Because it is a large city, there are various occupations, and the population movement is rapid. This study has so far been a self-reported survey of taste, smell, and different living conditions in health checkups for residents of Yakumo Town, Hokkaido. I've been researching it with a questionnaire, but I haven't made a comparison with other places. Therefore, in this study, we decided to compare the data obtained from urban and rural paticipants. # II. # Materials and Methods Two houndred one people in Yakumo Town, Hokkaido (106 women, 95 men: 2019 data) and 55 people in Nagoya City, Aichi Prefecture (31 women, 24 men, 2022 data) were compared. Dizziness was also included in the selfadministerd questionnaire survey of the participants. We asked the following questions.1.not dizzy, 2. sometimes, 3. always. Participants circles the items that apply. In addition, a simple taste test (salty taste: Soluseive: manufactured by Advantech) and a simple olfactory test (smell test) were performed. Ick: manufactured by Daiichi Yakuhin Sangyo Co., Ltd.) was used to obtain the test results. In addition, praimary data such as age, sex, height, weight, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure were obtained. Other self-administered questionnaire items included the subjective sense of taste, smell, salivary flow, and use of eating out. We also investigated the frequency and usual seasoning. (See Table 1): The method of the simple taste test 22) and the method of the simple olfactory test 23) followed the specifications. # a) Ethical review board This study conducted with the approval of the Ethical Review Board (Nagoya women's University Ethics Committee: "hitowomochiitakennkyuunikann suruiinnkai"). The approval number is 2019-26. # III. # Results There were no regional differences in sex (see Table 2) and hight (see Table 4) in the participants' physical data. Weight (see Table 5), systolic blood pressure (see Table 6), and diastolic blood pressure (see Table 7) were eight higher in Nagoya. It was statistically significantly lower than Kumocho. Yakumo town has 201 people (see Table 3) average ± SD value of 68.7 ± 6.0 years old Nagoya city has 55 people 74.9±7.1. The average ± SD value for subjective dizziness (see Table 8) was 1.379 ± 0.592 in Yakumo Town, and 1.379 ± 0.592 in Nagoya City was 1.211 ± 0.546. This result was P = 0.044* in the Mann-Whitney test, and was statistically superior to the elderly in Nagoya City. The results showed that the subjects had dizziness subjectively. The subjective taste (see Table 9) has a mean ± SD value of 0.1.607 ± 0.538 in Yakumo and 1.426±0.49 in Nagoya. This result was P = 0.027* in the Unpaired Student-t test, showing a statistically significant. From this result, it was found that the participants in rural areas subjectively felt that the taste was difficult to understand compared to those in the urban areas. The subjective sense of smell (see Table 10) was 0.701 ± 0.539 in Yakumo Town, and 0.150±0.575 in Nagoya. From this result, P = 0.017* in the Unpaired Student t-test, which is statistically significant for Yakumo Town. The results showed that older adults subjectively feel that smell is difficult to understand. # N City n=55 Y Town n=201 Average The subjective saliva output (see Table 11) has a mean ± SD value of 0.781 ± 0.000 in Yakumo Town, and1.773 ±0. 000 in Nagoya City. This result was P = 0.139 in the Unpaired Student's t-test, and there was no statistically significant difference. The average ± SD value for the frequency of eating out (see Table 12) is 5.095±1.037 in Yakumo Town and4.455 ±1.424 in Nagoya City. This result was P=0.004** in the Mann-Whitney test, indicating a statistically significant. The results showed that those with the high frequency of eating out had a high frequency of eating out. The seasoning of ordinary meals (see Table 13) has an average ± SD value of 2.542 ± 0.734 in Yakumo Town and 2.704 ± 0.924 in Nagoya City. This result was P = 0.155 by the Mann-Whitney test, and there was no statistically significant difference. # N City n=55 Y Town n=201 Average The results of the simple salty taste (see The results of the olfactory test (see Table 15) are average ±SD values of 7.348 ± 3.007 in Yakumo and 6.455 ±3.310 in Nagoya. This result was P = 0.0.052 in the Unpaired Student's t-test, and there was no statistically significant difference. IV. # Discussion For primary data (gender, age, height, weight, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure), participants were statistically significantly older and underweight than rural participants. The average value of blood pressure was within the normal renge for both Nagoya data and Yakumo data. However, the Nagoya data was statistically significantly lower than the Yakkumo data. In addition, there were regional differences in subjective dizziness in this survey. Urban participants said they were statistically significantly dizzier than country participants. However, there were no regional differences in the salty taste test results. And also, there was no regional difference in the olfactory test results in the present data. However, the P-value after statistical processing was P=0.052, so if we increased the data for urban residents, there was a possibility that there would be a statistically significant difference in the olfactory test results. The frequency of eating out was statistically significantly higher among participants in urban areas. Still, there was no significant difference between the two regions regarding the seasoning of things. Research results on the relationship between salty test results [24][25][26][27] and blood pressure 28) have also been reported, so that future studies, we will investigate the association between dietary habits and blood pressure. It is necessary to investigate this in more detail. Changes due to age 29) and association with Alzheimer's dementia 30) results such as application to patients 31) have been presented. We think it will be important to investigate resional differences in Japan in the future. We will continue to do research and collect more data in the future, and not only subjective feelings of dizziness but also stabilization tests by using Stabilometer. We also believe that a detailed questionnaire survey on dietary habits is necessary. V. # Conclusion Urban participants seid they were statistically significantly dizzier than country participants. However, there were no regional differences in the results of the salty taste test results. And also, there was no regional difference in the olfactory test results in the present data. However, the P-value after statistica processing was P=0.052, so if we increased the data for urban residents, there was a possibility that there would be a statistically significant difference in the olfactory test results. We look forward to future results. 12Table 11. Comparison of participant aware saliva datavalue1.6731.781Standard deviation0.5110.471F-testP=0.209Unpaired Student-t testP=0.139Mann-Whitney testYear 20225Average value Standard deviation F-test Unpaired Student-t test Mann-Whitney testN City n=55 Y Town n=201 4.455 5.095 1424 1.037 P=0.004** P=0.001**Volume XXII Issue II Version ID D D D ) L(Medical ResearchGlobal Journal of© 2022 Global Journals 14) are mean ±SD values of 0.89 ±0.387 in Yakumo Town 14N City n=55 Y Town n=201Average value0.860.89Standard deviation0.3890.387F-testP=0.491Unpaired Student-t testP=0.614Mann-Whitney testN City n=55 Y Town n=201Average value6.4557.368Standard deviation3.313.007F-testUnpaired Student-t testP=0.052Mann-Whitney test 15 ## Acknowledgements This research was partially supported by the research aid of Chojuiryokenkyukaihatsuhi, 2022 (30-14, Hirokazu Suzuki) and Japanese Society of Taste Technology, 2021 (Naomi Katayam) and the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture, Grant-in Aid for Scientific Research(C), 2020-2022 (20K02372, Naomi Katayam). We would like to express my deepest gratitude here. * ShokoKondo HironaoOotake MasaakiTeraichi MichihikoSone YasushiFujimoto HirokazuSuzuki SaikoSugiura SeiichiNakata Tsutomu Nakashima Advances in Sciences and Engineering 9 1 January Odour and Salt Taste Identification in Older Adults? Evidence from Yakumo Study Naomi Katayama, * MayumiHirabayashi AkemiIto ShokoKondo YuiNakayama TakafumiNakada SeiyaGoto SatofumiSugimoto TadaoYoshida MasaakiTeranisi MichihikoSone YasushiFujimoto HironaoOtake HirokazuSuzuki Naoki SeiichiSaji Nakata Tsutomu Nakashima, Kenji Kondo & Takaki Miwa Global Journal of Medical Research: K Interdisciplinary 20 June Issue 4 Version 1.0 Year * NaomiKatayama ShokoKondo YuiNakayama TakafumiNakada SeiyaGoto SatofumiSugimoto WakakoKinoshita MasaakiTeranishi MichihikoSone YasushiFujimoto HironaoOtake HirokazuSuzuki NaokiSaji SeiichiNakata TsutomuNakashima Comparison of Inspection Data by Difference in Odour Inspection Kit (Including Results of Young and Old age 2019. June 7 * ShokoKondo ChikaAoki AiKagazume Mari Tashita & Kasumi Yano Global Journal of Medical Research: K Interdisciplinary 20 June Results of the Olfactory Cognition Test Performed on 45 Female University Students Naomi Katayama, Issue 6 Version 1.0 Year * ShokoKondo SahoSuzuki SatokoIshiguro NijihoKondo Olfactory Cognition Test Performed on 117 Peoples Naomi Katayama June 20 Issue 6 Version 1.0 Year * Results of Comparison of Two Types of Olfactory Recognition Tests Performed on 112 Peoples 34 * SyokoKondo YuiAndo YoukoAshihara NeneKawano MrikaShibuya High School Students, 55 University Students, and 23 Middle-Aged Naomi Katayama Misaki Nanao, Inori Mase, Minami Abe 20 * Akemi Ito & Mayumi Hirabayashi Global Journal of Medical Research: K Interdisciplinary 20 July Results of Salt Cognition Test using SALSAVE since 67 Female University Students Naomi Katayama Version 1.0 Year * Result of the Threshold Test for Saltiness Perception of 35 People Who Participated in the Saltiness Test using Test-Disk at the University Festival Naomi Katayama Mayumi Hirabayashi & Akemi Ito Global Journal of Medical Research: K Interdisciplinary 20 July Issue 7 Version 1.0 Year * Results of 118 People Who Participated in the University Festival and Underwent a Saltiness Cognitive Threshold Test by using SALSAVE Akemi Ito Mayumi Hirabayashi & Naomi Katayama Global Journal of Medical Research: K Interdisciplinary 20 August Issue 8 Version 1.0 Year * Sweet Taste Cognitive Threshold Test of 38 Peoples Who Participated in the Sweet Teste Test using Teste-Disks at the University Festival Mayumi Hirabayashi August 20 Issue 8 Version 1.0 Year * Tsutomu Nakashima, Saiko Sugiura, Michihiko Sone Auris Nasus Larynx MasaakiTeranishi NaomiKatayama 10.1016/j.anl.2020.11 Relationship between cognitive impairment and olfactory function among older adults with olfactory impairment Hirokazu Suzuki January 2022 020 * NaomiKatayama ShokoKondo YuiNakayama TakafumiNakada NaokiSaji SeiyaGoto SatofumiSugimoto WakakoKinoshita MasaakiTeranishi MichihikoSone YasushiFujimoto HironaoOtake HirokazuSuzuki SeiichiNakata TsutomuNagashima YukiharuHasegawa Comparison of Survey Results on Subjectibe Dissiness, Hearitn and Tinnitus and Stabilometry Test Results in Yakumo Inhabitant Examination Study (Comparison of 2005 2007 and 2015, 2017. 2019. 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