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\title{Profile of Work Accidents in the Building and Public Works Sector BTP about 8 Companies in Conakry}
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             \author[1]{Soguiprosst Toure  Habib}

             \author[2]{Habib  Toure}

             \author[3]{Bocar Baïla  Diédhiou}

             \author[4]{Cheik amadou  Toure}

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\date{\small \em Received: 1 January 1970 Accepted: 1 January 1970 Published: 1 January 1970}

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\begin{abstract}
        


The building and civil engineering sector is a vast one, encompassing a wide range of activities including the construction, repair, renovation and demolition of structuresIn the course of their activities, workers are subjected to a variety of exposures, including dusts and fumes, asbestos, uncomfortable postures and heavy loads, Methodology: This was a descriptive and analytical cross- sectional study lasting seven (07) months, from November 25, 2020 to June 27, 2021.The city of Conakry served as the setting for the study. The material consisted of workers on construction sites.Results: This descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study was carried out in eight construction companies over a 7month period from November 25, 2020 to June 27, 2021.The majority of workers (94.5%) were employed on construction sites.Accidents occurred most frequently in the afternoon and morning, with 55% and 43.75% respectively. Conclusion: Accidents in the construction sector represent a real occupational health problem. Of the 400 workers who suffered an accident, 40% were under 25 years of age; around 30% had a secondary education; 52.3% did not have sufficient PPE; 80% of accidents were caused by inappropriate gestures and 99.5% had received no safety training.

\end{abstract}


\keywords{profile; work accident; building and public works; company.}

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\section[{Introduction}]{Introduction}\par
he building and civil engineering sector is a vast one, encompassing a wide range of activities including the construction, repair, renovation and demolition of structures \hyperref[b0]{[1]}.\par
Regardless of the cause, an industrial accident is considered to be any accident that occurs to a worker as a result of or in the course of work, whether or not the worker is at fault.\par
-An accident to an employee during the journey to and from work is also considered an accident at work:\par
-The employee's principal residence, a stable secondary residence or any other place to which the employee habitually travels for family reasons, and the place where the employee performs his or her work or receives his or her remuneration.\par
-The place of work and the restaurant, canteen and, in general, the place where the worker usually takes his meals, provided that the journey has not been interrupted or diverted by a reason of personal interest or independent of the employer; -Accident to a worker during a journey, the cost of which is borne by the employer \hyperref[b1]{[2]}.\par
In the course of their activities, workers are subjected to a variety of exposures, including dusts and fumes, asbestos, uncomfortable postures, heavy loads, harsh weather conditions, working at heights, noise and tool vibrations, to name but a few. The causes of accidents and illness in this sector are well known, and almost all of them are avoidable However, this sector remains at high risk of occupational accidents leading to work stoppage, loss of productivity, permanent disability and even death \hyperref[b3]{[3]}.\par
According to the ILO, in 2020, 23,846,159 nonfatal accidents occurred in industries in 71 countries. The construction sector alone is responsible for almost 13\% of these accidents \hyperref[b4]{[4]}.\par
In France, a 2010 study by Tissot C. on the analysis of accidents in the building and civil engineering sector reported that 4,385 accidents occurred in the building and civil engineering sector, i.e. 29\% of all recorded accidents between 1991 and 2008.\par
In It was against this background that we initiated this study, the general aim of which was to assess the factors contributing to occupational accidents in the building and civil engineering sector \hyperref[b6]{[6]}.\par
T II. 
\section[{Methodology}]{Methodology}\par
Setting: the city of Conakry served as the setting for this study. 
\section[{Material: workers on construction sites in Conakry.}]{Material: workers on construction sites in Conakry.} 
\section[{Selection criteria}]{Selection criteria}\par
Inclusion criteria: workers who had suffered a workrelated accident on site and who agreed to participate in our study were included.\par
Non-inclusion criteria: workers who had suffered accidents unrelated to construction activities were not included, nor were workers who were absent during the survey period.\par
Data entry and analysis: our data were analyzed using epi-info software version 7.2.2.1.6.\par
Ethical considerations: workers were included on the basis of free and informed consent; anonymity and confidentiality of data were respected. 
\section[{III.}]{III.} 
\section[{Results}]{Results}\par
Table  {\ref I}   
\section[{Discussion}]{Discussion}\par
The majority of workers (94.5\%) were employed on building sites.\par
Tissot C. in 2010 in France \hyperref[b6]{[6]} reported that 73\% of accident victims worked in the construction industry.\par
Growing real estate development would seem to justify this result.\par
Most accidents occurred in the afternoon and morning, with 55\% and 43.75\% respectively.\par
Dia SA et al. in 2018 in Senegal \hyperref[b7]{[7]} reported 44\% of accidents in the morning and 26.7\% in the afternoon.\par
Accumulated fatigue due to work in the morning, leading to reduced vigilance in the afternoon, could justify our result.\par
Accidents were most often caused by workers making inappropriate gestures, with a high frequency of 80\% \hyperref[b8]{[8]}.\par
Dia S.A et al. in Senegal in 2018 had reported that the majority of accidents, i.e. 19.5\%, occurred through inappropriate gestures.\par
Non-compliance with safety instructions by unskilled explain our result.\par
Building materials were the main causative agents of injuries, with a high frequency with a high frequency of 67.5\% \hyperref[b9]{[9]}. Dia S.A et al. in Senegal in 2018 \hyperref[b3]{[3]} had reported that 30\% of the vulnating agents involved were hand tools.\par
Inappropriate exposure of construction material would explain our result.\par
Wounds were the most common type of lesion, accounting for 87.5\%. ABBAS R. A et al. in 2013 in Egypt [18] had reported that the majority of injuries were cuts/lacerations 30.9\% and contusions 28.6\%. \hyperref[b10]{[10]}.\par
The frequent handling of certain tools and cutting materials by workers without PPE would explain our result.\par
Injuries were most common in the upper and lower limbs, with 45.5\% and 44.5\% respectively. \hyperref[b11]{[11]} Chau N. et al. in 2004 in France [15] reported that 40.7\% of injuries were located in the upper limbs and 30\% in the lower limbs. \hyperref[b12]{[12]}.\par
The natural position of the limbs as a result of the demands placed on them during work activities would explain our result.\par
Workers who recovered without sequelae were the most common, with 83.75\%.\par
In 2007, Malle S. in Mali [20] reported 73.09\% recovery without sequelae.\par
This high frequency of healing without aftereffects may be due to the low severity of the lesions.\par
None of the workers benefited from medical surveillance, i.e. 100\%.\par
Adane M.M et al. in 2013 in Ethiopia \hyperref[b13]{[13]} reported that 90\% of victims had received no medical supervision.\par
The recruitment of workers by companies for work of limited duration and ignorance of the legal predispositions of work would explain our result.\par
The collective protective equipment in place was sufficient in number on almost all sites. Almost all sites, i.e. a frequency of 97.73\%.\par
The usefulness of collective protection equipment in construction work could explain this result.\par
With regard to PPE, more than half the workers did not have enough of it for a frequency of 52.25\%.  {\ref Mayuri B. et al. 2015} in India \hyperref[b14]{[14]} had reported that 43.2\% of workers had only helmets and 33.2\% had no PPE at all. Ignorance of the protective effect and benefits of PPE would explain our result.\par
The majority of accident victims (72\%) were not wearing PPE at the time of the accident.\par
Radwa S. et al. in 2020 in Egypt [15] reported that 65.2\% of workers were not wearing PPE at the time of the accident.\par
The majority of construction sites, i.e. 82\%, did not have an emergency box.\par
According to IRIS-ST's 2017 national survey-Artisanal du BTP in France  {\ref [16]}, the presence of a firstaid kit in the workplace was reported in 92\% of cases. Our result would be due to non-compliance with regulatory measures by health and safety managers on worksites.\par
The majority of workers had no safety training (99.5\%).\par
Tadesse et al. in 2016 in Ethiopia \hyperref[b15]{[17]} had reported that 83.7\% of workers with work-related injuries had not received safety training on construction sites.\par
The lack of implementation of training programs for workers to better understand the risks would explain our result. 
\section[{V. Conclusion}]{V. Conclusion}\par
Accidents in the construction industry represent a real occupational health problem. Of the 400 workers involved in accidents, 40\% were under 25 years of age; around 30\% had a secondary education; 52.3\% did not have sufficient PPE; 80\% of accidents were caused by inappropriate gestures and 99.5\% had received no safety training.\par
There is a need to promote workplace legislation and regulations.\par
Further prospective studies need to be carried out to assess environmental safety factors on construction sites and other risk factors (particularly behavioral) for work-related accidents in the building and civil engineering sector.\begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.15490654205607476\textwidth}P{0.3495327102803738\textwidth}P{0.2025700934579439\textwidth}P{0.14299065420560747\textwidth}}
Variables\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{numbers (N=400) Percentages (\%)}\\
Nature of injury\tabcellsep wounds\tabcellsep 350\tabcellsep 87,5\\
\tabcellsep Burns\tabcellsep 4\tabcellsep 1,0\\
\tabcellsep bruises\tabcellsep 36\tabcellsep 9,0\\
\tabcellsep Muscle pain\tabcellsep 5\tabcellsep 1,3\\
\tabcellsep Fractures\tabcellsep 4\tabcellsep 1,0\\
\tabcellsep Eye injury\tabcellsep 1\tabcellsep 0,2\\
Site of injury\tabcellsep Upper limbs\tabcellsep 182\tabcellsep 45,5\\
\tabcellsep Lower limbs\tabcellsep 178\tabcellsep 44,5\\
\tabcellsep Abdomen\tabcellsep 2\tabcellsep 0,5\\
\tabcellsep pelvis\tabcellsep 6\tabcellsep 1,5\\
\tabcellsep skull\tabcellsep 20\tabcellsep 5,0\end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_1}:}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{II} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.14418145956607495\textwidth}P{0.3638067061143984\textwidth}P{0.03353057199211045\textwidth}P{0.10226824457593689\textwidth}P{0.07712031558185405\textwidth}P{0.12909270216962523\textwidth}}
Year 2023\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
10\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
Volume XXIII Issue III Version I\tabcellsep Characteristics\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{Number (N=400)}\tabcellsep Percentages (\%)\\
D D D D )\tabcellsep Age groups\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
(\tabcellsep 15 à 25\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 163\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 40,75\\
Medical Research\tabcellsep 26 à 35 36 à 45 46 à 55 gender\tabcellsep Average age: 28,9975\tabcellsep 135 78 24\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{33,75 19,5 6,0 Extrême : 15 years and 55 years}\\
Global Journal of\tabcellsep male Marital status Single Maried Education level Noschooling Primary\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{400 215 195 121 78}\tabcellsep 100,0 53,8 46,2 30,2 19,5\\
\tabcellsep Secondary\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{166}\tabcellsep 41,5\\
\tabcellsep higher\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 35\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 8,8\\
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\tabcellsep smoking\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{318}\tabcellsep 79,5\\
\tabcellsep alcohol\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{21}\tabcellsep 5,25\\
\tabcellsep Indianhemp\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 2\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 0,5\\
\tabcellsep Alcohol + Tobacco\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 7\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 1,75\\
\tabcellsep none\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{59}\tabcellsep 14,75\\
\tabcellsep Profession\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
\tabcellsep bricklayers\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{141}\tabcellsep 35,2\end{longtable} \par
 
\begin{quote}
\par
B© 2023 Global Journ als\end{quote}

\caption{\label{tab_2}Table II :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{III} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.4430708661417323\textwidth}P{0.11645669291338584\textwidth}P{0.06960629921259842\textwidth}P{0.03480314960629921\textwidth}P{0.12850393700787402\textwidth}P{0.057559055118110235\textwidth}}
Variables\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{numbers (N=400)}\tabcellsep Percentages (\%)\\
Nature ofinjury\tabcellsep wounds\tabcellsep 350\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 87,5\\
\tabcellsep Burns\tabcellsep 4\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 1,0\\
\tabcellsep bruises\tabcellsep 36\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 9,0\\
\tabcellsep Muscle pain\tabcellsep 5\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 1,3\\
\tabcellsep Fractures\tabcellsep 4\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 1,0\\
\tabcellsep Eye injury\tabcellsep 1\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 0,2\\
Site of injury\tabcellsep Upperlimbs\tabcellsep 182\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 45,5\\
\tabcellsep Lowerlimbs\tabcellsep 178\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 44,5\\
\tabcellsep Abdomen pelvis\tabcellsep 2 6\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 0,5 1,5\tabcellsep Year 2023\\
\tabcellsep skull\tabcellsep 20\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 5,0\tabcellsep 11\\
\multicolumn{5}{l}{Tableau IV: Repartitions en function des moyens de prevention existants Effectif (N) Pourcentage(\%) Protection collective Moyens Chantier N=33 Suffisants 32 97 Insuffisants 1 3 Formation sécurité N=400}\tabcellsep Volume XXIII Issue III Version I\\
Reçus\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 2\tabcellsep 0,5\tabcellsep D D D D )\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep (\\
\multicolumn{2}{l}{Non reçus Protection individuelle Suffisants Insuffisants}\tabcellsep 398 191 209\tabcellsep 99,5 47,8 52,2\tabcellsep Medical Research\\
\multicolumn{2}{l}{Surveillance médicale Oui Non}\tabcellsep 0 400\tabcellsep 0,0 100,0\tabcellsep Global Journal of\end{longtable} \par
 
\begin{quote}
B © 2023 Global Journ als Profile of Work Accidents in the Building and Public Works Sector BTP about 8 Companies in Conakry IV.\end{quote}

\caption{\label{tab_3}Table III :}\end{figure}
 		 		\backmatter  			 
\subsection[{List of abbreviations}]{List of abbreviations}			 			  				\begin{bibitemlist}{1}
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\bibitem[Fondation européenne pour l'amélioration des conditions de vie et de travail (Dublin). 4e enquête européenne ()]{b15}\label{b15} 	 		\textit{Fondation européenne pour l'amélioration des conditions de vie et de travail (Dublin). 4e enquête européenne},  		2007. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.  	 
\bibitem[International Labour Organization -Safety and Health in Construction Recommendation (1988)]{b9}\label{b9} 	 		\textit{International Labour Organization -Safety and Health in Construction Recommendation},  		1988. 2 March 2022.  	 	 (Internet) 
\bibitem[Oit (2022)]{b0}\label{b0} 	 		\textit{La construction un travail dangereux},  		 			Oit 		.  		 \url{https://www.ilo.org/safework/areasofwork/hazardous-work/WCMS\textunderscore 356585/lang--fr/index.htm}  		2 Feb 2022.  	 	 (Internet) 
\bibitem[Tadesse and Israel (2016)]{b11}\label{b11} 	 		‘Occupational injuries among building construction workers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia’.  		 			S Tadesse 		,  		 			D Israel 		.  		 12995-016- 0107-8.  		 \url{http://occupmed.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s}  	 	 		\textit{Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology}  		dec 2016. 2 Feb 2022. 11  (1) .  	 	 (Internet) 
\bibitem[Adane et al. (2013)]{b13}\label{b13} 	 		\textit{Occupational Injuries Among Building Construction Workers in Gondar City, Ethiopia. Occupational Medicine \& Health Affairs [Internet]},  		 			M M Adane 		,  		 			K A Gelaye 		,  		 			G K Beyera 		,  		 			H R Sharma 		.  		 \url{http://www.esciencecentral.org/journals/occupational-injuries-among-building-construction-workers-in-gondar-city-ethiopia-2329-6879.1000125.php?aid=16005}  		18 Jul 2013. 2 Feb 2022. p. 1.  	 
\bibitem[Sashidharan et al. ()]{b14}\label{b14} 	 		\textit{Prevalence and determinants of external injuries among industrial workers in an urban area of Kancheepuram district, T 15. International Labour Organisation (ILO)},  		 			C Sashidharan 		,  		 			K P Mohan 		,  		 			S Gopalakrishnan 		.  		2002. Genève: Safe Work.  	 	 (Stress at work. Programme on Safety and Health at Work and the Environment) 
\bibitem[Diallo ()]{b12}\label{b12} 	 		\textit{Social protection in Senegal: the example of construction workers in Dakar. Sociologie},  		 			M Diallo 		.  		2014.  		 			Université de Bretagne occidentale -Brest 		 	 
\bibitem[Tissot (2022)]{b5}\label{b5} 	 		 			C Tissot 		.  		\textit{Analyse des accidents de BTP répertories dans Epicéa, INRS département études, veille et assistance documentaire},  		2 Feb 2022.  	 	 (Internet) 
\end{bibitemlist}
 			 		 	 
\end{document}
