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\textcolor{GJMediumGrey}{\rule{\textwidth}{2pt}} \vskip16pt \textcolor{GJBlue}{\large\bfseries\abstractname\space} }{% \vskip8pt \textcolor{GJMediumGrey}{\rule{\textwidth}{2pt}} \vskip16pt } \usepackage[absolute,overlay]{textpos} \makeatother \usepackage{lineno} \linenumbers \begin{document} \author[1]{Soguiprosst Toure Habib} \author[2]{Habib Toure} \author[3]{Bocar Baïla Diédhiou} \author[4]{Cheik amadou Toure} \renewcommand\Authands{ and } \date{\small \em Received: 1 January 1970 Accepted: 1 January 1970 Published: 1 January 1970} \maketitle \begin{abstract} The building and civil engineering sector is a vast one, encompassing a wide range of activities including the construction, repair, renovation and demolition of structuresIn the course of their activities, workers are subjected to a variety of exposures, including dusts and fumes, asbestos, uncomfortable postures and heavy loads, Methodology: This was a descriptive and analytical cross- sectional study lasting seven (07) months, from November 25, 2020 to June 27, 2021.The city of Conakry served as the setting for the study. The material consisted of workers on construction sites.Results: This descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study was carried out in eight construction companies over a 7month period from November 25, 2020 to June 27, 2021.The majority of workers (94.5%) were employed on construction sites.Accidents occurred most frequently in the afternoon and morning, with 55% and 43.75% respectively. Conclusion: Accidents in the construction sector represent a real occupational health problem. Of the 400 workers who suffered an accident, 40% were under 25 years of age; around 30% had a secondary education; 52.3% did not have sufficient PPE; 80% of accidents were caused by inappropriate gestures and 99.5% had received no safety training. \end{abstract} \keywords{profile; work accident; building and public works; company.} \begin{textblock*}{18cm}(1cm,1cm) % {block width} (coords) \textcolor{GJBlue}{\LARGE Global Journals \LaTeX\ JournalKaleidoscope\texttrademark} \end{textblock*} \begin{textblock*}{18cm}(1.4cm,1.5cm) % {block width} (coords) \textcolor{GJBlue}{\footnotesize \\ Artificial Intelligence formulated this projection for compatibility purposes from the original article published at Global Journals. However, this technology is currently in beta. \emph{Therefore, kindly ignore odd layouts, missed formulae, text, tables, or figures.}} \end{textblock*} \begin{textblock*}{10cm}(1.05cm,3cm) {{\textit{CrossRef DOI of original article:}} \underline{}} \end{textblock*}\let\tabcellsep& \section[{Introduction}]{Introduction}\par he building and civil engineering sector is a vast one, encompassing a wide range of activities including the construction, repair, renovation and demolition of structures \hyperref[b0]{[1]}.\par Regardless of the cause, an industrial accident is considered to be any accident that occurs to a worker as a result of or in the course of work, whether or not the worker is at fault.\par -An accident to an employee during the journey to and from work is also considered an accident at work:\par -The employee's principal residence, a stable secondary residence or any other place to which the employee habitually travels for family reasons, and the place where the employee performs his or her work or receives his or her remuneration.\par -The place of work and the restaurant, canteen and, in general, the place where the worker usually takes his meals, provided that the journey has not been interrupted or diverted by a reason of personal interest or independent of the employer; -Accident to a worker during a journey, the cost of which is borne by the employer \hyperref[b1]{[2]}.\par In the course of their activities, workers are subjected to a variety of exposures, including dusts and fumes, asbestos, uncomfortable postures, heavy loads, harsh weather conditions, working at heights, noise and tool vibrations, to name but a few. The causes of accidents and illness in this sector are well known, and almost all of them are avoidable However, this sector remains at high risk of occupational accidents leading to work stoppage, loss of productivity, permanent disability and even death \hyperref[b3]{[3]}.\par According to the ILO, in 2020, 23,846,159 nonfatal accidents occurred in industries in 71 countries. The construction sector alone is responsible for almost 13\% of these accidents \hyperref[b4]{[4]}.\par In France, a 2010 study by Tissot C. on the analysis of accidents in the building and civil engineering sector reported that 4,385 accidents occurred in the building and civil engineering sector, i.e. 29\% of all recorded accidents between 1991 and 2008.\par In It was against this background that we initiated this study, the general aim of which was to assess the factors contributing to occupational accidents in the building and civil engineering sector \hyperref[b6]{[6]}.\par T II. \section[{Methodology}]{Methodology}\par Setting: the city of Conakry served as the setting for this study. \section[{Material: workers on construction sites in Conakry.}]{Material: workers on construction sites in Conakry.} \section[{Selection criteria}]{Selection criteria}\par Inclusion criteria: workers who had suffered a workrelated accident on site and who agreed to participate in our study were included.\par Non-inclusion criteria: workers who had suffered accidents unrelated to construction activities were not included, nor were workers who were absent during the survey period.\par Data entry and analysis: our data were analyzed using epi-info software version 7.2.2.1.6.\par Ethical considerations: workers were included on the basis of free and informed consent; anonymity and confidentiality of data were respected. \section[{III.}]{III.} \section[{Results}]{Results}\par Table {\ref I} \section[{Discussion}]{Discussion}\par The majority of workers (94.5\%) were employed on building sites.\par Tissot C. in 2010 in France \hyperref[b6]{[6]} reported that 73\% of accident victims worked in the construction industry.\par Growing real estate development would seem to justify this result.\par Most accidents occurred in the afternoon and morning, with 55\% and 43.75\% respectively.\par Dia SA et al. in 2018 in Senegal \hyperref[b7]{[7]} reported 44\% of accidents in the morning and 26.7\% in the afternoon.\par Accumulated fatigue due to work in the morning, leading to reduced vigilance in the afternoon, could justify our result.\par Accidents were most often caused by workers making inappropriate gestures, with a high frequency of 80\% \hyperref[b8]{[8]}.\par Dia S.A et al. in Senegal in 2018 had reported that the majority of accidents, i.e. 19.5\%, occurred through inappropriate gestures.\par Non-compliance with safety instructions by unskilled explain our result.\par Building materials were the main causative agents of injuries, with a high frequency with a high frequency of 67.5\% \hyperref[b9]{[9]}. Dia S.A et al. in Senegal in 2018 \hyperref[b3]{[3]} had reported that 30\% of the vulnating agents involved were hand tools.\par Inappropriate exposure of construction material would explain our result.\par Wounds were the most common type of lesion, accounting for 87.5\%. ABBAS R. A et al. in 2013 in Egypt [18] had reported that the majority of injuries were cuts/lacerations 30.9\% and contusions 28.6\%. \hyperref[b10]{[10]}.\par The frequent handling of certain tools and cutting materials by workers without PPE would explain our result.\par Injuries were most common in the upper and lower limbs, with 45.5\% and 44.5\% respectively. \hyperref[b11]{[11]} Chau N. et al. in 2004 in France [15] reported that 40.7\% of injuries were located in the upper limbs and 30\% in the lower limbs. \hyperref[b12]{[12]}.\par The natural position of the limbs as a result of the demands placed on them during work activities would explain our result.\par Workers who recovered without sequelae were the most common, with 83.75\%.\par In 2007, Malle S. in Mali [20] reported 73.09\% recovery without sequelae.\par This high frequency of healing without aftereffects may be due to the low severity of the lesions.\par None of the workers benefited from medical surveillance, i.e. 100\%.\par Adane M.M et al. in 2013 in Ethiopia \hyperref[b13]{[13]} reported that 90\% of victims had received no medical supervision.\par The recruitment of workers by companies for work of limited duration and ignorance of the legal predispositions of work would explain our result.\par The collective protective equipment in place was sufficient in number on almost all sites. Almost all sites, i.e. a frequency of 97.73\%.\par The usefulness of collective protection equipment in construction work could explain this result.\par With regard to PPE, more than half the workers did not have enough of it for a frequency of 52.25\%. {\ref Mayuri B. et al. 2015} in India \hyperref[b14]{[14]} had reported that 43.2\% of workers had only helmets and 33.2\% had no PPE at all. Ignorance of the protective effect and benefits of PPE would explain our result.\par The majority of accident victims (72\%) were not wearing PPE at the time of the accident.\par Radwa S. et al. in 2020 in Egypt [15] reported that 65.2\% of workers were not wearing PPE at the time of the accident.\par The majority of construction sites, i.e. 82\%, did not have an emergency box.\par According to IRIS-ST's 2017 national survey-Artisanal du BTP in France {\ref [16]}, the presence of a firstaid kit in the workplace was reported in 92\% of cases. Our result would be due to non-compliance with regulatory measures by health and safety managers on worksites.\par The majority of workers had no safety training (99.5\%).\par Tadesse et al. in 2016 in Ethiopia \hyperref[b15]{[17]} had reported that 83.7\% of workers with work-related injuries had not received safety training on construction sites.\par The lack of implementation of training programs for workers to better understand the risks would explain our result. \section[{V. Conclusion}]{V. Conclusion}\par Accidents in the construction industry represent a real occupational health problem. Of the 400 workers involved in accidents, 40\% were under 25 years of age; around 30\% had a secondary education; 52.3\% did not have sufficient PPE; 80\% of accidents were caused by inappropriate gestures and 99.5\% had received no safety training.\par There is a need to promote workplace legislation and regulations.\par Further prospective studies need to be carried out to assess environmental safety factors on construction sites and other risk factors (particularly behavioral) for work-related accidents in the building and civil engineering sector.\begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{} \par \begin{longtable}{P{0.15490654205607476\textwidth}P{0.3495327102803738\textwidth}P{0.2025700934579439\textwidth}P{0.14299065420560747\textwidth}} Variables\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{numbers (N=400) Percentages (\%)}\\ Nature of injury\tabcellsep wounds\tabcellsep 350\tabcellsep 87,5\\ \tabcellsep Burns\tabcellsep 4\tabcellsep 1,0\\ \tabcellsep bruises\tabcellsep 36\tabcellsep 9,0\\ \tabcellsep Muscle pain\tabcellsep 5\tabcellsep 1,3\\ \tabcellsep Fractures\tabcellsep 4\tabcellsep 1,0\\ \tabcellsep Eye injury\tabcellsep 1\tabcellsep 0,2\\ Site of injury\tabcellsep Upper limbs\tabcellsep 182\tabcellsep 45,5\\ \tabcellsep Lower limbs\tabcellsep 178\tabcellsep 44,5\\ \tabcellsep Abdomen\tabcellsep 2\tabcellsep 0,5\\ \tabcellsep pelvis\tabcellsep 6\tabcellsep 1,5\\ \tabcellsep skull\tabcellsep 20\tabcellsep 5,0\end{longtable} \par \caption{\label{tab_1}:}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{II} \par \begin{longtable}{P{0.14418145956607495\textwidth}P{0.3638067061143984\textwidth}P{0.03353057199211045\textwidth}P{0.10226824457593689\textwidth}P{0.07712031558185405\textwidth}P{0.12909270216962523\textwidth}} Year 2023\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\ 10\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\ Volume XXIII Issue III Version I\tabcellsep Characteristics\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{Number (N=400)}\tabcellsep Percentages (\%)\\ D D D D )\tabcellsep Age groups\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\ (\tabcellsep 15 à 25\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 163\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 40,75\\ Medical Research\tabcellsep 26 à 35 36 à 45 46 à 55 gender\tabcellsep Average age: 28,9975\tabcellsep 135 78 24\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{33,75 19,5 6,0 Extrême : 15 years and 55 years}\\ Global Journal of\tabcellsep male Marital status Single Maried Education level Noschooling Primary\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{400 215 195 121 78}\tabcellsep 100,0 53,8 46,2 30,2 19,5\\ \tabcellsep Secondary\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{166}\tabcellsep 41,5\\ \tabcellsep higher\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 35\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 8,8\\ \tabcellsep Vices\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\ \tabcellsep smoking\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{318}\tabcellsep 79,5\\ \tabcellsep alcohol\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{21}\tabcellsep 5,25\\ \tabcellsep Indianhemp\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 2\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 0,5\\ \tabcellsep Alcohol + Tobacco\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 7\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 1,75\\ \tabcellsep none\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{59}\tabcellsep 14,75\\ \tabcellsep Profession\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\ \tabcellsep bricklayers\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{141}\tabcellsep 35,2\end{longtable} \par \begin{quote} \par B© 2023 Global Journ als\end{quote} \caption{\label{tab_2}Table II :}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{III} \par \begin{longtable}{P{0.4430708661417323\textwidth}P{0.11645669291338584\textwidth}P{0.06960629921259842\textwidth}P{0.03480314960629921\textwidth}P{0.12850393700787402\textwidth}P{0.057559055118110235\textwidth}} Variables\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{numbers (N=400)}\tabcellsep Percentages (\%)\\ Nature ofinjury\tabcellsep wounds\tabcellsep 350\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 87,5\\ \tabcellsep Burns\tabcellsep 4\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 1,0\\ \tabcellsep bruises\tabcellsep 36\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 9,0\\ \tabcellsep Muscle pain\tabcellsep 5\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 1,3\\ \tabcellsep Fractures\tabcellsep 4\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 1,0\\ \tabcellsep Eye injury\tabcellsep 1\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 0,2\\ Site of injury\tabcellsep Upperlimbs\tabcellsep 182\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 45,5\\ \tabcellsep Lowerlimbs\tabcellsep 178\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 44,5\\ \tabcellsep Abdomen pelvis\tabcellsep 2 6\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 0,5 1,5\tabcellsep Year 2023\\ \tabcellsep skull\tabcellsep 20\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 5,0\tabcellsep 11\\ \multicolumn{5}{l}{Tableau IV: Repartitions en function des moyens de prevention existants Effectif (N) Pourcentage(\%) Protection collective Moyens Chantier N=33 Suffisants 32 97 Insuffisants 1 3 Formation sécurité N=400}\tabcellsep Volume XXIII Issue III Version I\\ Reçus\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 2\tabcellsep 0,5\tabcellsep D D D D )\\ \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep (\\ \multicolumn{2}{l}{Non reçus Protection individuelle Suffisants Insuffisants}\tabcellsep 398 191 209\tabcellsep 99,5 47,8 52,2\tabcellsep Medical Research\\ \multicolumn{2}{l}{Surveillance médicale Oui Non}\tabcellsep 0 400\tabcellsep 0,0 100,0\tabcellsep Global Journal of\end{longtable} \par \begin{quote} B © 2023 Global Journ als Profile of Work Accidents in the Building and Public Works Sector BTP about 8 Companies in Conakry IV.\end{quote} \caption{\label{tab_3}Table III :}\end{figure} \backmatter \subsection[{List of abbreviations}]{List of abbreviations} \begin{bibitemlist}{1} \bibitem[Hami et al.]{b6}\label{b6} \textit{}, H Hami , D Raougui , F Azzaoui , , Ahami . \xref{http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.admp.2012.03.569}{10.1016/j.admp.2012.03.569}. \textit{Les accidents du travail au Maroc} \bibitem[Accessed (2020)]{b2}\label{b2} \textit{}, Accessed . 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(2022)]{b7}\label{b7} \textit{Caractéristiques des accidents du travail et devenir des victimes: à propos de 133 cas déclarés auprès de la Caisse de Sécurité Sociale de Dakar}, S A Dia , Mohamed A S Gaye , F S Ndoye , E O Fall , G M Soumah , MN . \url{http://www.panafrican-med-journal.com/content/article/30/156/full/} 25 Feb 2022. (Internet) \bibitem[Code de la sécurité sociale ()]{b1}\label{b1} \textit{Code de la sécurité sociale}, 1994. République de guinée. (loi l /94/006/ctrn du 14 février. Internet) \bibitem[Halvani and Ibrahemzadih (2012)]{b10}\label{b10} ‘Epidemiological Study and Estimating of Accidents Distribution in Construction Industry Workers in Yazd City by Appling Time Series until 2011’. 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