@incollection{, 116198598B203BEA71B9DBFA09B4568E , author={{Hussein MukasaKafeero} and {KawooyaAbubaker} and {NamusokeMariam} and {AtikuSaad} and {Mugambwa YusufJoseph} and {Makerere University,}}, journal={{Global Journal of Medical Research}}, journal={{GJMR}}2249-46180975-588810.34257/GJMR, address={Cambridge, United States}, publisher={Global Journals Organisation}162311 } @book{b0, , title={{Press statement on the World Hepatitis Day By the Ministry of Health Ugandan Government}} , author={{ (Moh) } and { M } and { H }} , year={2015} } @incollection{b1, , title={{Relationship between serum cytokine levels and histopathological changes of liver in patients with hepatitis B}} , author={{ NAkpolat } and { SYahsi } and { AGodekmerdan } and { KDemirbag } and { MYalniz }} , journal={{World J Gastroenterol}} 11 , year={2005} } @incollection{b2, , title={{Advances in the diagnosis and treatment of hepatitis B}} , author={{ WAlazawi } and { GFoster }} , journal={{Curr Opin Infect Dis}} 21 , year={2008} } @incollection{b3, , title={{Genotype H: a new Amerindian genotype of hepatitis B virus revealed in Central America}} , author={{ PArauz-Ruiz } and { HNorder } and { BRobertson } and { LMagnius }} , journal={{J. Gen. Virol}} 83 , year={2002} } @incollection{b4, , title={{Comparative detection of African swine fever virus by loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay and polymerase chain reaction in do mestic pigs in Uganda}} , author={{ DAtuhaire } and { MAfayo } and { SOchwo } and { DKatiti } and { FMwiine } and { ANanteza } and { LOjok }} , journal={{African Journal of Microbiology}} 8 23 , year={2014} } @book{b5, , title={{}} , author={{ RAyari } and { YLakhoua-Gorgi } and { LBouslama } and { ISafar } and { FKchouk } and { HAouadi } and { TAbdallah }} 10.5812/hepatmon.6191 , year={2012} , note={Investigation of DNA sequence in the Basal core promoter, precore, and core regions of hepatitis B} } @incollection{b6, , title={{HBV genotypes prevalence, precore and basal core mutants in Morocco}} , author={{ WBaha } and { MEnnaji } and { FLazar } and { MMelloul } and { EEl Fahime } and { AEl Malki } and { ABennani }} , journal={{Infect Genet Evol}} 12 , year={2012} } @incollection{b7, , title={{Multilaboratory evaluation of real-time PCR tests for hepatitis B virus DNA quantification}} , author={{ ACaliendo } and { AValsamakis } and { JBremer }} , journal={{J Clin Microbiol}} 49 , year={2011} } @book{b8, , title={{Clinical relevance and public health significance of hepatitis B virus genomic variations}} , author={{ GCao }} , year={2009} } @incollection{b9, , title={{}} , journal={{World J. Gastroenterol}} 15 } @incollection{b10, , title={{Hepatitis B virus genotype B is associted with earlier HBeAg seroconversion compared with hepatitis B virus genotype C}} , author={{ CChu } and { MHussain } and { ALok }} , journal={{Gastroenterology}} 122 , year={2002} } @incollection{b11, , title={{Detecting hepatitis B surface antigen mutants}} , author={{ PColeman }} , journal={{Emerg Infect Dis}} 12 2 , year={2006} } @incollection{b12, , title={{Do we need to determine viral genotype in treating chronic hepatitis B?}} , author={{ WCooksley }} , journal={{J Viral Hepat}} 17 , year={2010} } @incollection{b13, , title={{Original article Mutations in the S gene and in the overlapping reverse transcriptase region in chronic hepatitis B Chinese patients with coexistence of HBsAg and}} , author={{ FDing } and { XMiao } and { YLi } and { JDai } and { HYu }} 10.1016/j.bjid.2015.08.014 , journal={{Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases}} 20 1 , year={2015} } @incollection{b14, , title={{A multicentre molecularanalysis of hepatitis B and blood-borne virus coinfections in Viet Nam}} , author={{ LDunford } and { MCarr } and { J } and { D }} , journal={{PLoS ONE}} 7 e39027 , year={2012. 2012} } @incollection{b15, , title={{Response predictors to treatment with pegylated interferon in chronic hepatitis B}} , author={{ PFerreira } and { STenore }} , journal={{Braz J Infect Dis}} 14 , year={2010} } @book{b16, , title={{Spontaneous hepatitis C viral clearance and hepatitis C chronic infection are associated with distinct cytokine profiles in Mexican patients}} , author={{ NAFierro } and { KGonzález-Aldaco } and { RTorres-Valadez } and { METrujillo-Trujillo } and { SRoman } and { JLTrujillo-Ochoa } and { APanduro }} , year={2015. April} 110 } @book{b17, , title={{Multiple cytokine expression profiles reveal immune-based differences in occult hepatitis B genotype H-infected Mexican Nahua patients}} , author={{ NAFierro } and { SRoman } and { MRealpe } and { ZHernandeznazara } and { EAZepeda-Carrillo } and { APanduro }} , year={2011. December} 106 } @incollection{b18, , title={{Hepatitis B: Epidemiology and prevention in developing countries}} , author={{ EFranco } and { BBagnato } and { MGiulia } and { CMaleleo } and { SLaura } and { ZLaura }} , journal={{World J Hepatol}} 4 3 , year={2012} } @book{b19, , title={{Class II cytokine receptor gene cluster is a major locus for hepatitis B persistence}} , author={{ AFrodsham } and { LZhang } and { UDumpis } and { NTaib } and { SBest } and { ADurham } and { SKnapp } and { MWright } and { MChiaramonte } and { JIBell } and { MGraves } and { HCWhittle } and { HCThomas } and { MRThursz } and { HA }} , year={2006} } @incollection{b20, , title={{}} , journal={{Proc Natl Acad Sci}} 103 } @incollection{b21, , title={{Highly sensitive detection of malaria parasitemia in a malaria-endemic setting: performance of a new loop-mediated isothermal amplification kit in a remote clinic in Uganda}} , author={{ HHopkins } and { IJGonzález } and { SDPolley } and { PAngutoko } and { JAtegeka } and { CAsiimwe } and { DBell }} 10.1093/infdis/jit184 , journal={{The Journal of Infectious Diseases}} 208 4 , year={2013} } @incollection{b22, , title={{Pegylated interferon alfa-2b alone or in comination with lamivudine for HbeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B: a randomised trial}} , author={{ HJanssen } and { MVan Zonneveld } and { HSenturk }} , journal={{Lancet}} 356 , year={2005} } @book{b23, , title={{Comparative detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus by reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay and real time polymerase chain reaction in Uganda}} , author={{ HKafeero } and { MFrank } and { NMwiine } and { DKalenzi } and { ASylvester } and { OANanteza }} , year={2016. March} 4 } @incollection{b24, , title={{Tracing hepatitis B virus to the 16th century in a Korean mummy}} , author={{ KahilaBar-Gal } and { GKim } and { MJKlein } and { AShin } and { DHOh } and { CSKim } and { JWShouval } and { D }} 10.1002/hep.25852 , journal={{Hepatology}} 56 5 , year={2012} } @incollection{b25, , title={{Diagnosis of hepatitis B virus infection through serological and virological markers}} , author={{ JKao }} , journal={{Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol}} 2 , year={2008} } @incollection{b26, , title={{Genotypes and Clinical Phenotypes of Hepatitis B Virus in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection}} , author={{ JKao } and { PChen } and { MLai } and { DChen }} 10.1128/JCM.40.4.1207 , journal={{Society}} 40 4 , year={2002} } @book{b27, , title={{}} , author={{ SMKeating } and { JDHeitman } and { SWu } and { XDeng } and { SLStramer } and { MCKuhns } and { MPBusch }} , year={2014} } @book{b28, , title={{Cytokine and Chemokine Responses in the Acute Phase of Hepatitis B Virus Replication in Naive and Previously Vaccinated Blood and Plasma Donors}} 10.1093/infdis/jit563 209 } @book{b29, , title={{Prevalence , Risk Factors , and Impact of Isolated Antibody to Hepatitis B Core Antigen and Occult Hepatitis B Virus Infection in HIV-1 -Infected Pregnant Women}} , author={{ WKhamduang } and { NNgo-Giang-Huong } and { CGaudy-Graf } and { GJourdain } and { WSuwankornsakul } and { TJarupanich } and { WSirirungsi }} , year={2013} 56 } @book{b30, , title={{}} 10.1093/cid/cit166 } @incollection{b31, , title={{Clinical characteristics of patients infected with hepatitis B virus genotypes A, B, and C}} , author={{ MKobayashi } and { YArase } and { KIkeda }} , journal={{J Gastroenterol}} 37 , year={2002} } @book{b32, , title={{}} , author={{ NKomas } and { UVickos } and { JHübschen } and { ABéré } and { AManirakiza } and { CMuller } and { AFaou }} , year={2013} } @book{b33, , title={{Cross-sectional study of hepatitis B virus infection in}} } @incollection{b34, , title={{The S-Gene Mutations in the Circulating HBV Genotypes/Sub-Genotypes Associated with Hepatitis B Infection in Uganda and their Effects on Cytokines Expression in Liver Disease Progression rural communities, Central African Republic}} 10.1186/1471-2334-13-286 , journal={{BMC Infect Dis}} 13 286 } @incollection{b35, , title={{A new subtype (subgenotype) Ac (A3) of hepatitis B virus and recombination between genotypes A and E in Cameroon}} , author={{ FKurbanov } and { YTanaka } and { KFujiwara } and { FSugauchi } and { DMbanya } and { LZ } and { NNdembi } and { CNgansop } and { LKaptue } and { TMiura } and { EIdo } and { MHayami } and { HIchimura } and { MM }} , journal={{J. Gen. Virol}} 86 , year={2005} } @incollection{b36, , title={{Geographical and genetic diversity of the human hepatitis B virus}} , author={{ FKurbanov } and { YTanaka } and { MMizokami }} , journal={{Hepatol. Res}} 40 , year={2010} } @book{b37, , title={{The clinical implications of hepatitis B virus genotype}} , author={{ CLin } and { JKao }} 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2010.06541.x , year={2011} 26 } @incollection{b38, , title={{The clinical implications of hepatitis B virus genotype: Recent advances}} , author={{ C.-LLin } and { J.-HKao }} 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2010.06541.x , journal={{Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology}} 26 1 , year={2011} , note={Suppl} } @book{b39, , title={{Comparative Detection of Trypanosomal DNA by Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification and PCR from Flinders Technology Associates Cards Spotted with Patient Blood}} , author={{ EMatovu } and { IKuepfer } and { ABoobo } and { SKibona } and { CBurri }} 10.1128/JCM.00101-10 , year={2010} 48 } @incollection{b40, , title={{Distribution of hepatitis B virus genotypes among patients with chronic infection in Japan shifting toward an increase of genotype A}} , author={{ KMatsuura } and { YTanaka } and { SHige } and { GYamada } and { YMurawaki } and { MKomatsu } and { MMizokami }} 10.1128/JCM.02081-08 , journal={{Journal of Clinical Microbiology}} 47 5 , year={2009} } @book{b41, , title={{Patterns and Causes of Suboptimal Response to Tenofovir-Based Therapy in Individuals Coinfected With HIV and Hepatitis B Virus}} , author={{ GVMatthews } and { ECSeaberg } and { AAvihingsanon } and { SBowden } and { GJDore } and { SRLewin } and { CLThio }} 10.1093/cid/cit002 , year={2013} 56 } @incollection{b42, , title={{The influence of hepatitis B virus genotype and subgenotype on the natural history of chronic hepatitis B}} , author={{ BMcmahon }} , journal={{Hepatol. Int}} 3 , year={2009} } @book{b43, , title={{}} , author={{ CEMullis } and { OLaeyendecker } and { SJReynolds } and { POcama } and { JQuinn } and { IBoaz } and { TCQuinn }} , year={2013} } @book{b44, , title={{High Frequency of False-Positive Hepatitis C Virus Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay in Rakai}} 10.1093/cid/cit602 57 } @incollection{b45, , title={{Loop-mediated Isothermal amplification of DNA}} , author={{ TNotomi } and { HOkayama } and { HMasubuchi } and { TYonekawa } and { KWatanabe } and { NAmino } and { THase }} , journal={{Nucleic Acids Res}} 28 63 , year={2000} } @book{b46, , title={{}} , author={{ DNyan } and { LEUlitzky } and { NCehan } and { PWilliamson } and { VWinkelman } and { MRios } and { DRTaylor }} , year={2014} } @book{b47, , title={{Rapid Detection of Hepatitis B Virus in Blood Plasma by a Speci fi c and Sensitive Loop-Mediated Isothermal Ampli fi cation Assay}} 10.1093/cid/ciu210 59 } @incollection{b48, , title={{High burden of hepatitis B infection in Northern Uganda : results of a population-based survey}} , author={{ EOchola } and { POcama } and { CGOrach } and { ZK Z KNankinga } and { JNKalyango } and { WMcfarland } and { CKaramagi }} 10.1186/1471-2458-13-727 , journal={{BMC Public Health}} 13 1 , year={2013} } @incollection{b49, , title={{Global epidemiology of hepatitis B virusinfection: New estimates of age specific HBsAg seroprevalence and endemicity}} , author={{ JOtt } and { GStevens } and { JGroegar } and { SWiersma }} , journal={{Vaccine}} 12 , year={2012} } @incollection{b50, , title={{Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection among Makerere University medical students}} , author={{ BPido } and { MKagimu }} , journal={{Afr Health Sci}} 5 , year={2005} } @book{b51, , title={{The Impact of Rapid Evolution of Hepatitis Viruses}} , author={{ JQuer } and { MMartel } and { FRodriguez } and { ABosch } and { RJardi } and { MButi }} , year={2008} , publisher={Academic Press} } @incollection{b52, , title={{The liver as an immunological organ}} , author={{ VRacanelli } and { BRehermann }} , journal={{Hepatology}} 43 , year={2006} } @incollection{b53, , title={{Multiple intrafamilial transmission patterns of hepatitis B virus genotype D in north-eastern Egypt}} , author={{ MRagheb } and { AElkady } and { YTanaka } and { SMurakami } and { FAttia } and { AHassan } and { AKhan }} , journal={{J Med Virol}} 84 , year={2012} } @incollection{b54, , title={{Influence of hepatitis B virus genome on the long-term outcome of chronic hepatitis B virus in western patients}} , author={{ JSanchez-Tapias } and { JCosta } and { AMas } and { MBruguera } and { JRodes }} , journal={{Gastroenterology}} 123 , year={2002} } @incollection{b55, , title={{Coexistance of hepatitis B surface antigen and antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen may increase the risk of hepatocellualr carcinoma in chronic hepatitis B infection: A retrospectivecohot study}} , author={{ SSeo } and { SChoi } and { BChoi }} , journal={{Med Viral}} 86 , year={2014} } @incollection{b56, , title={{Correlation between hepatitis B virus genotypes and clinical outcomes}} , author={{ YShi }} , journal={{Jpn J Infect Dis}} 65 , year={2012} } @incollection{b57, , title={{HIV co-infections withhepatitis B and C}} , author={{ ESinghatiraj } and { JSuri } and { CGoulston }} , journal={{J AIDS Clin Res}} 3 , year={2012} } @incollection{b58, , title={{S gene mutants occurrence among hepatitis B carriers in malaysia}} , author={{ JSuppiah } and { RMohd Zain } and { NBahari } and { SHaji Nawi } and { ZSaat }} 10.5812/hepatmon.22565 , journal={{Hepat Mon}} 14 12 , year={2014} } @incollection{b59, , title={{Role of hepatitis B virus genetic barrier in drug resistance and immune escape development}} , author={{ VSvicher } and { VCento } and { RSalpin }} , journal={{Dig. Liver Dis}} 43 , year={2011} } @incollection{b60, , title={{A case-control study for differences among hepatitis B virus infections of genotypes A (subtypes Aa and Ae) and D}} , author={{ YTanaka } and { IHasegawa } and { TKato } and { EOrito } and { NHirashima } and { SK } and { A } and { ?YMiyakawa } and { MM }} , journal={{Hepatology}} 40 , year={2004} } @incollection{b61, , title={{Hepatitis B human immunodeficiency viruscoinfection}} , author={{ CThio }} , journal={{Hepatology}} 49 , year={2009} } @book{b62, , title={{HBV genotype B is associated with a higher response rate to interferon therapy than genotype C}} , author={{ CWai } and { CChu } and { MHussain } and { ALok }} , year={2002} } @incollection{b63, , title={{}} , journal={{Hepatology}} 36 } @incollection{b64, , title={{Host immunity influences disease progression and antiviral efficacy in humans infected with hepatitis B virus}} , author={{ FWang } and { ZZhang }} , journal={{Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol}} 3 , year={2009} } @incollection{b65, , title={{Revival of Ugandan blood transfusion system 1989. An example of international cooperation}} , author={{ EWatson-Williams } and { PKataaha }} , journal={{Transfus Sci}} 11 2 , year={1990} } @book{b66, , title={{World Health Organization, author. Hepatitis B Vaccines. WER}} , year={2004} 28 } @book{b67, , title={{Genotype D of hepatitis B virus and its subgenotypes: An update}} , author={{ MYousif } and { AKramvis }} , year={2013} } @incollection{b68, , title={{}} , journal={{Hepatol Res}} 43 } @book{b69, , title={{Role of Hepatitis B Virus Genotypes in Chronic Hepatitis B Exacerbation}} , author={{ MYuen } and { ESablon } and { DKWong } and { HYuan } and { BCWong } and { AOChan } and { CLai }} , year={2003} , note={group II} } @book{b70, , title={{Epidemiology of Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C Infections and Bene fi ts of Programs for Hepatitis Prevention in Northeastern China : A Cross-Sectional Study}} , author={{ QZhang } and { WQi } and { XWang } and { YZhang } and { YXu } and { SQin } and { SJi }} 10.1093/cid/civ859 , year={2016} 62 }