\documentclass[11pt,twoside]{article}\makeatletter \IfFileExists{xcolor.sty}% {\RequirePackage{xcolor}}% {\RequirePackage{color}} \usepackage{colortbl} \usepackage{wrapfig} \usepackage{ifxetex} \ifxetex \usepackage{fontspec} \usepackage{xunicode} \catcode`⃥=\active \def⃥{\textbackslash} \catcode`❴=\active \def❴{\{} \catcode`❵=\active \def❵{\}} \def\textJapanese{\fontspec{Noto Sans CJK JP}} \def\textChinese{\fontspec{Noto Sans CJK SC}} \def\textKorean{\fontspec{Noto Sans CJK KR}} \setmonofont{DejaVu Sans Mono} \else \IfFileExists{utf8x.def}% {\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc} \PrerenderUnicode{–} }% {\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}} \usepackage[english]{babel} \usepackage[T1]{fontenc} \usepackage{float} \usepackage[]{ucs} \uc@dclc{8421}{default}{\textbackslash } \uc@dclc{10100}{default}{\{} \uc@dclc{10101}{default}{\}} \uc@dclc{8491}{default}{\AA{}} \uc@dclc{8239}{default}{\,} \uc@dclc{20154}{default}{ } \uc@dclc{10148}{default}{>} \def\textschwa{\rotatebox{-90}{e}} \def\textJapanese{} \def\textChinese{} \IfFileExists{tipa.sty}{\usepackage{tipa}}{} \fi \def\exampleFont{\ttfamily\small} \DeclareTextSymbol{\textpi}{OML}{25} \usepackage{relsize} \RequirePackage{array} \def\@testpach{\@chclass \ifnum \@lastchclass=6 \@ne \@chnum \@ne \else \ifnum \@lastchclass=7 5 \else \ifnum \@lastchclass=8 \tw@ \else \ifnum \@lastchclass=9 \thr@@ \else \z@ \ifnum \@lastchclass = 10 \else \edef\@nextchar{\expandafter\string\@nextchar}% \@chnum \if \@nextchar c\z@ \else \if \@nextchar l\@ne \else \if \@nextchar r\tw@ \else \z@ \@chclass \if\@nextchar |\@ne \else \if \@nextchar !6 \else \if \@nextchar @7 \else \if \@nextchar (8 \else \if \@nextchar )9 \else 10 \@chnum \if \@nextchar m\thr@@\else \if \@nextchar p4 \else \if \@nextchar b5 \else \z@ \@chclass \z@ \@preamerr \z@ \fi \fi \fi \fi \fi \fi \fi \fi \fi \fi \fi \fi \fi \fi \fi \fi} \gdef\arraybackslash{\let\\=\@arraycr} \def\@textsubscript#1{{\m@th\ensuremath{_{\mbox{\fontsize\sf@size\z@#1}}}}} \def\Panel#1#2#3#4{\multicolumn{#3}{){\columncolor{#2}}#4}{#1}} \def\abbr{} \def\corr{} \def\expan{} \def\gap{} \def\orig{} \def\reg{} \def\ref{} \def\sic{} \def\persName{}\def\name{} \def\placeName{} \def\orgName{} \def\textcal#1{{\fontspec{Lucida Calligraphy}#1}} \def\textgothic#1{{\fontspec{Lucida Blackletter}#1}} \def\textlarge#1{{\large #1}} \def\textoverbar#1{\ensuremath{\overline{#1}}} \def\textquoted#1{‘#1’} \def\textsmall#1{{\small #1}} \def\textsubscript#1{\@textsubscript{\selectfont#1}} \def\textxi{\ensuremath{\xi}} \def\titlem{\itshape} \newenvironment{biblfree}{}{\ifvmode\par\fi } \newenvironment{bibl}{}{} \newenvironment{byline}{\vskip6pt\itshape\fontsize{16pt}{18pt}\selectfont}{\par } \newenvironment{citbibl}{}{\ifvmode\par\fi } \newenvironment{docAuthor}{\ifvmode\vskip4pt\fontsize{16pt}{18pt}\selectfont\fi\itshape}{\ifvmode\par\fi } \newenvironment{docDate}{}{\ifvmode\par\fi } \newenvironment{docImprint}{\vskip 6pt}{\ifvmode\par\fi } \newenvironment{docTitle}{\vskip6pt\bfseries\fontsize{22pt}{25pt}\selectfont}{\par } \newenvironment{msHead}{\vskip 6pt}{\par} \newenvironment{msItem}{\vskip 6pt}{\par} \newenvironment{rubric}{}{} \newenvironment{titlePart}{}{\par } \newcolumntype{L}[1]{){\raggedright\arraybackslash}p{#1}} \newcolumntype{C}[1]{){\centering\arraybackslash}p{#1}} \newcolumntype{R}[1]{){\raggedleft\arraybackslash}p{#1}} \newcolumntype{P}[1]{){\arraybackslash}p{#1}} \newcolumntype{B}[1]{){\arraybackslash}b{#1}} \newcolumntype{M}[1]{){\arraybackslash}m{#1}} \definecolor{label}{gray}{0.75} \def\unusedattribute#1{\sout{\textcolor{label}{#1}}} \DeclareRobustCommand*{\xref}{\hyper@normalise\xref@} \def\xref@#1#2{\hyper@linkurl{#2}{#1}} \begingroup \catcode`\_=\active \gdef_#1{\ensuremath{\sb{\mathrm{#1}}}} \endgroup \mathcode`\_=\string"8000 \catcode`\_=12\relax \usepackage[a4paper,twoside,lmargin=1in,rmargin=1in,tmargin=1in,bmargin=1in,marginparwidth=0.75in]{geometry} \usepackage{framed} \definecolor{shadecolor}{gray}{0.95} \usepackage{longtable} \usepackage[normalem]{ulem} \usepackage{fancyvrb} \usepackage{fancyhdr} \usepackage{graphicx} \usepackage{marginnote} \renewcommand{\@cite}[1]{#1} \renewcommand*{\marginfont}{\itshape\footnotesize} \def\Gin@extensions{.pdf,.png,.jpg,.mps,.tif} \pagestyle{fancy} \usepackage[pdftitle={Interventional Study to Find Out Effect of Yoga on Anxiety and Stress among MBBS Students}, pdfauthor={}]{hyperref} \hyperbaseurl{} \paperwidth210mm \paperheight297mm \def\@pnumwidth{1.55em} \def\@tocrmarg {2.55em} \def\@dotsep{4.5} \setcounter{tocdepth}{3} \clubpenalty=8000 \emergencystretch 3em \hbadness=4000 \hyphenpenalty=400 \pretolerance=750 \tolerance=2000 \vbadness=4000 \widowpenalty=10000 \renewcommand\section{\@startsection {section}{1}{\z@}% {-1.75ex \@plus -0.5ex \@minus -.2ex}% {0.5ex \@plus .2ex}% {\reset@font\Large\bfseries}} \renewcommand\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}% {-1.75ex\@plus -0.5ex \@minus- .2ex}% {0.5ex \@plus .2ex}% {\reset@font\Large}} \renewcommand\subsubsection{\@startsection{subsubsection}{3}{\z@}% {-1.5ex\@plus -0.35ex \@minus -.2ex}% {0.5ex \@plus .2ex}% {\reset@font\large}} \renewcommand\paragraph{\@startsection{paragraph}{4}{\z@}% {-1ex \@plus-0.35ex \@minus -0.2ex}% {0.5ex \@plus .2ex}% {\reset@font\normalsize}} \renewcommand\subparagraph{\@startsection{subparagraph}{5}{\parindent}% {1.5ex \@plus1ex \@minus .2ex}% {-1em}% {\reset@font\normalsize\bfseries}} \def\l@section#1#2{\addpenalty{\@secpenalty} \addvspace{1.0em plus 1pt} \@tempdima 1.5em \begingroup \parindent \z@ \rightskip \@pnumwidth \parfillskip -\@pnumwidth \bfseries \leavevmode #1\hfil \hbox to\@pnumwidth{\hss #2}\par \endgroup} \def\l@subsection{\@dottedtocline{2}{1.5em}{2.3em}} \def\l@subsubsection{\@dottedtocline{3}{3.8em}{3.2em}} \def\l@paragraph{\@dottedtocline{4}{7.0em}{4.1em}} \def\l@subparagraph{\@dottedtocline{5}{10em}{5em}} \@ifundefined{c@section}{\newcounter{section}}{} \@ifundefined{c@chapter}{\newcounter{chapter}}{} \newif\if@mainmatter \@mainmattertrue \def\chaptername{Chapter} \def\frontmatter{% \pagenumbering{roman} \def\thechapter{\@roman\c@chapter} \def\theHchapter{\roman{chapter}} \def\thesection{\@roman\c@section} \def\theHsection{\roman{section}} \def\@chapapp{}% } \def\mainmatter{% \cleardoublepage \def\thechapter{\@arabic\c@chapter} \setcounter{chapter}{0} \setcounter{section}{0} \pagenumbering{arabic} \setcounter{secnumdepth}{6} \def\@chapapp{\chaptername}% \def\theHchapter{\arabic{chapter}} \def\thesection{\@arabic\c@section} \def\theHsection{\arabic{section}} } \def\backmatter{% \cleardoublepage \setcounter{chapter}{0} \setcounter{section}{0} \setcounter{secnumdepth}{2} \def\@chapapp{\appendixname}% \def\thechapter{\@Alph\c@chapter} \def\theHchapter{\Alph{chapter}} \appendix } \newenvironment{bibitemlist}[1]{% \list{\@biblabel{\@arabic\c@enumiv}}% {\settowidth\labelwidth{\@biblabel{#1}}% \leftmargin\labelwidth \advance\leftmargin\labelsep \@openbib@code \usecounter{enumiv}% \let\p@enumiv\@empty \renewcommand\theenumiv{\@arabic\c@enumiv}% }% \sloppy \clubpenalty4000 \@clubpenalty \clubpenalty \widowpenalty4000% \sfcode`\.\@m}% {\def\@noitemerr {\@latex@warning{Empty `bibitemlist' environment}}% \endlist} \def\tableofcontents{\section*{\contentsname}\@starttoc{toc}} \parskip0pt \parindent1em \def\Panel#1#2#3#4{\multicolumn{#3}{){\columncolor{#2}}#4}{#1}} \newenvironment{reflist}{% \begin{raggedright}\begin{list}{} {% \setlength{\topsep}{0pt}% \setlength{\rightmargin}{0.25in}% \setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}% \setlength{\itemindent}{0pt}% \setlength{\parskip}{0pt}% \setlength{\parsep}{2pt}% \def\makelabel##1{\itshape ##1}}% } {\end{list}\end{raggedright}} \newenvironment{sansreflist}{% \begin{raggedright}\begin{list}{} {% \setlength{\topsep}{0pt}% \setlength{\rightmargin}{0.25in}% \setlength{\itemindent}{0pt}% \setlength{\parskip}{0pt}% \setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}% \setlength{\parsep}{2pt}% \def\makelabel##1{\upshape ##1}}% } {\end{list}\end{raggedright}} \newenvironment{specHead}[2]% {\vspace{20pt}\hrule\vspace{10pt}% \phantomsection\label{#1}\markright{#2}% \pdfbookmark[2]{#2}{#1}% \hspace{-0.75in}{\bfseries\fontsize{16pt}{18pt}\selectfont#2}% }{} \def\TheFullDate{2016-01-15 (revised: 15 January 2016)} \def\TheID{\makeatother } \def\TheDate{2016-01-15} \title{Interventional Study to Find Out Effect of Yoga on Anxiety and Stress among MBBS Students} \author{}\makeatletter \makeatletter \newcommand*{\cleartoleftpage}{% \clearpage \if@twoside \ifodd\c@page \hbox{}\newpage \if@twocolumn \hbox{}\newpage \fi \fi \fi } \makeatother \makeatletter \thispagestyle{empty} \markright{\@title}\markboth{\@title}{\@author} \renewcommand\small{\@setfontsize\small{9pt}{11pt}\abovedisplayskip 8.5\p@ plus3\p@ minus4\p@ \belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip \abovedisplayshortskip \z@ plus2\p@ \belowdisplayshortskip 4\p@ plus2\p@ minus2\p@ \def\@listi{\leftmargin\leftmargini \topsep 2\p@ plus1\p@ minus1\p@ \parsep 2\p@ plus\p@ minus\p@ \itemsep 1pt} } \makeatother \fvset{frame=single,numberblanklines=false,xleftmargin=5mm,xrightmargin=5mm} \fancyhf{} \setlength{\headheight}{14pt} \fancyhead[LE]{\bfseries\leftmark} \fancyhead[RO]{\bfseries\rightmark} \fancyfoot[RO]{} \fancyfoot[CO]{\thepage} \fancyfoot[LO]{\TheID} \fancyfoot[LE]{} \fancyfoot[CE]{\thepage} \fancyfoot[RE]{\TheID} \hypersetup{citebordercolor=0.75 0.75 0.75,linkbordercolor=0.75 0.75 0.75,urlbordercolor=0.75 0.75 0.75,bookmarksnumbered=true} \fancypagestyle{plain}{\fancyhead{}\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt}} \date{} \usepackage{authblk} \providecommand{\keywords}[1] { \footnotesize \textbf{\textit{Index terms---}} #1 } \usepackage{graphicx,xcolor} \definecolor{GJBlue}{HTML}{273B81} \definecolor{GJLightBlue}{HTML}{0A9DD9} \definecolor{GJMediumGrey}{HTML}{6D6E70} \definecolor{GJLightGrey}{HTML}{929497} \renewenvironment{abstract}{% \setlength{\parindent}{0pt}\raggedright \textcolor{GJMediumGrey}{\rule{\textwidth}{2pt}} \vskip16pt \textcolor{GJBlue}{\large\bfseries\abstractname\space} }{% \vskip8pt \textcolor{GJMediumGrey}{\rule{\textwidth}{2pt}} \vskip16pt } \usepackage[absolute,overlay]{textpos} \makeatother \usepackage{lineno} \linenumbers \begin{document} \author[1]{Dr. Padmaja Kanchi} \author[2]{Dr. Padmaja Kanchi} \affil[1]{ } \renewcommand\Authands{ and } \date{\small \em Received: 9 December 2015 Accepted: 31 December 2015 Published: 15 January 2016} \maketitle \begin{abstract} Background: MBBS students are always under stress. Extremes of stress results in stress induced disorders and deteriorating performance. The present interventional study is conducted in III/I MBBS students to determine benefits of yoga on anxiety & stress. Such study among MBBS students of Terna Medical College was never done before.Objectives: 1.To find out number of students suffering from Anxiety 2.To find out number of students suffering from Stress3.To find out effect of Yoga on Anxiety & Stress.Methodology: Questionnaire DASS21 for anxiety, stress in form of a Pre-test was administered to the students. Out of 102,96 students responded. It was considered as a pre-test. Accordingly, students were divided into anxious and non-anxious groups.40% students came positive & were included in the study group. To the study group, intervention with 4 types of Pranayam namely, Bhastrika, Kapalbhati, Anulom-Vilom and Bhramari were given. Post-test was applied on the same group at the end of8weeks.Results were compared. \end{abstract} \keywords{pranayam, , medical students.} \begin{textblock*}{18cm}(1cm,1cm) % {block width} (coords) \textcolor{GJBlue}{\LARGE Global Journals \LaTeX\ JournalKaleidoscope\texttrademark} \end{textblock*} \begin{textblock*}{18cm}(1.4cm,1.5cm) % {block width} (coords) \textcolor{GJBlue}{\footnotesize \\ Artificial Intelligence formulated this projection for compatibility purposes from the original article published at Global Journals. However, this technology is currently in beta. \emph{Therefore, kindly ignore odd layouts, missed formulae, text, tables, or figures.}} \end{textblock*} \let\tabcellsep& \section[{I. Introduction}]{I. Introduction}\par BBS students are always under stress. A student under optimal stress does bring out his or her best, however extremes of stress can result in stress induced disorders and deteriorating performance. \hyperref[b0]{[1]} Can yoga be of benefit in stress induced effects in medical students? The present interventional study is conducted in III/I MBBS students to determine the benefits of yogic practices on anxiety \& stress levels during their day to day life.\par Such study of Yoga as an interventional measure to decrease stress and anxiety among III rd year MBBS students of Terna Medical College was never \hyperref[b1]{[2]} was used to collect the information on, Anxiety, stress experienced by students of III/I batch. Identification data was collected separately.\par ? Scientific Research Society Approval \& Ethics Committee Approval was taken. ? A pretested validated questionnaire DASS by Lovibond, S.H. \& Lovibond P.F \hyperref[b1]{[2]} containing the questions on anxiety, stress in form of a Pre-test was administered to the batch of III rd year MBBS students. There were 102 students in the III/I MBBS batch. There were 7 questions each on depression, anxiety \& stress. Total 21 questions hence DASS 21 is the name of the scale. Questions on anxiety \& stress were analysed. ? As per the scoring on the scale, students were divided into anxious and non-anxious groups. ? To the anxious group, intervention with 4 types of Pranayam namely, Bhastrika, Kapalbhati, Anulom-Vilom and Bhramari was given by trained teacher. \hyperref[b2]{[3]} 6 avartans of each were conducted in each session. It took around 30 minutes to conduct a session. 3 such sessions per week were conducted and continued for 8 weeks. Students were asked to practice them regularly at home.\par ? Post-test was applied on the same group at the end of the session. ? Results of Pre-test \& post-test were compared. \section[{III. Results}]{III. Results} \section[{Graph 3.1 : Students with Anxiety \& Stress}]{Graph 3.1 : Students with Anxiety \& Stress}\par Graph 3.1 shows that 71.1\% students chosen from pre-test had mild anxiety, 26.3\% students had moderate anxiety \& 2.6\% students had severe anxiety. Also 73.7\% students had mild stress, 26.3\% students had moderate stress \& none of them had severe level of stress. show none of the student was suffering from any form of anxiety after yogic intervention. Atezaz et al \hyperref[b7]{[7]} also found positive effect of pranayam on anxiety among medical students. 6. 73.7\% (28) students were suffering from mild level of stress and 26.3\% (10) students had moderate level of stress. None of the student had severe form of stress during pre -test. During post-test, all the students found to be within normal range of stress showing the role of daily practice of Yoga in decreasing the stress among students. Jadhav et al [4] , Sharma et al 5 \& Li et al 6 also found decrease of stress among medical students after yogic interventions in their respective studies. Malathi et al \hyperref[b0]{[1]} found the positive effects of Yoga in relieving the stress among medical students. Arvind et al \hyperref[b9]{[9]} also found significant difference after yogic practices in his study group of 1 st year medical students. Chandla et al \hyperref[b10]{[10]} \& Pal et al \hyperref[b11]{[11]} also found similar positive effects of Yoga in relieving stress among the participants. \section[{V. Conclusion}]{V. Conclusion}\par III/I MBBS students were under stress \& anxiety. Yoga in form of Pranayama or breathing exercises decreased stress \& anxiety among them. It is advised to continue to practice the yoga regularly in future. \section[{VI. Recommendations}]{VI. Recommendations}\par ? To implement it on all the batches of MBBS ? To make it a regular activity for all the batches every year.\par VII. Limitations Table \hyperref[tab_1]{3}.1 shows that out of 96 students of 3 rd year MBBS, 39.58\% (38) came to be positive for anxiety and stress as per DASS21. It was considered as a pretest. It proved that Yoga played a significant role in decreasing anxiety. It is also statistically significant.\par Jadhav et al \hyperref[b3]{[4]} , Vivek Sharma et al \hyperref[b4]{[5]} also found subjective wellbeing \& decrease of stress among medical students after yogic interventions. Li et al \hyperref[b5]{[ 6]} also f ound similar result in his review on stress \& yoga. S.Y.Atezaz et al \hyperref[b7]{[7]} also found that for anxiety disorders, exercise and yoga have shown positive effects.\par However Bhupendra Singh et al \hyperref[b8]{[8]} did not find significant reduction in anxiety level of his study group of high school students. \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{}\includegraphics[]{image-2.png} \caption{\label{fig_0}}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{33}\includegraphics[]{image-3.png} \caption{\label{fig_1}Graph 3 . 3 :}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{4}\includegraphics[]{image-4.png} \caption{\label{fig_2}Graph 3. 4}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{}\includegraphics[]{image-5.png} \caption{\label{figure5}}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{32} \par \begin{longtable}{P{0.5364077669902912\textwidth}P{0.0866504854368932\textwidth}P{0.07839805825242718\textwidth}P{0.0907766990291262\textwidth}P{0.05776699029126213\textwidth}} Types of Anxiety\tabcellsep Pre-Test\tabcellsep \tabcellsep Post-Test\tabcellsep \\ \tabcellsep No.\tabcellsep \%\tabcellsep No.\tabcellsep \%\\ Normal\tabcellsep 00\tabcellsep 0.0\tabcellsep 38\tabcellsep 100\\ Mild\tabcellsep 27\tabcellsep 71.1\tabcellsep 00\tabcellsep 00\\ Moderate\tabcellsep 10\tabcellsep 26.3\tabcellsep 00\tabcellsep 00\\ Severe\tabcellsep 01\tabcellsep 2.6\tabcellsep 00\tabcellsep 00\\ Toal\tabcellsep 38\tabcellsep 100\tabcellsep 38\tabcellsep 100\\ \multicolumn{4}{l}{Z = -5.383, P = 0.000 highly significant at 1\% level as per Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test}\tabcellsep \end{longtable} \par \caption{\label{tab_0}Table 3 . 2 :}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{3} \par \begin{longtable}{P{0.85\textwidth}} Windows Excel 2010 and SPSS version 21 is used for\\ statistical analysis. It proved that Yoga played a\\ significant role in decreasing anxiety. The results are\\ statistically significant.\end{longtable} \par \caption{\label{tab_1}Table 3 .}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{} \par \begin{longtable}{} \end{longtable} \par {\small\itshape [Note: AnxietyStressVolume XVI Issue II Version I]} \caption{\label{tab_2}of Students Types of Anxiety \& Stress}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{3} \par \begin{longtable}{} \end{longtable} \par \caption{\label{tab_5}Table 3 .}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{35} \par \begin{longtable}{P{0.17445414847161572\textwidth}P{0.059388646288209605\textwidth}P{0.029694323144104803\textwidth}P{0.11506550218340612\textwidth}P{0.059388646288209605\textwidth}P{0.03340611353711791\textwidth}P{0.06310043668122271\textwidth}P{0.3155021834061135\textwidth}} Types of Stress\tabcellsep No.\tabcellsep Pre Test\tabcellsep \%\tabcellsep No.\tabcellsep Post Test\tabcellsep \%\tabcellsep Year 2016\\ Normal Mild\tabcellsep 00 28\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 00.00 73.70\tabcellsep 38 00\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 100 00\tabcellsep 11\\ moderate Severe Total\tabcellsep 10 00 38\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 26.30 00.00 100.00\tabcellsep 00 00 38\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 00 00 100\tabcellsep Volume XVI Issue II Version I\\ \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep D D D D ) K\\ \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep (\\ \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep Medical Research\\ \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep Global Journal of\end{longtable} \par {\small\itshape [Note: © 2016 Global Journals Inc. (US)]} \caption{\label{tab_6}Table 3 . 5 :}\end{figure} \footnote{© 2016 Global Journals Inc. (US)} \footnote{Interventional Study to Find Out Effect of Yoga on Anxiety and Stress among MBBS Students} \backmatter \begin{bibitemlist}{1} \bibitem[Vivek and Sharma (1)]{b4}\label{b4} \textit{}, K Vivek , Sharma . 1. \bibitem[Dr and Singh ** Dr (2011)]{b8}\label{b8} \textit{}, Bhupendra Dr , Singh ** Dr . III *ISSUE-30. \textit{Jagdish Effect of Yogic Practice on Anxiety International Referred Research Journal} -0974-2832 RNI-RAJBIL 2009/29954. July, 2011. \bibitem[Jadhav and Havalappanavar (2009)]{b3}\label{b3} ‘Effect of Yoga Intervention on’. S G Jadhav , N B Havalappanavar . \textit{Anxiety and Subjective Wellbeing Journal of the Indian Academy of Applied Psychology} January 2009. 35 (1) p. . \bibitem[Sy Atezaz Sayeed et al. (2010)]{b7}\label{b7} \textit{Exercise, Yoga, and Meditation for Depressive and Anxiety Disorders Am Fam Physician}, Diana J Sy Atezaz Sayeed , Richard Antonacci , Bloch . 2010 Apr 15. 81 p. . \bibitem[Pal and Velkumary ()]{b11}\label{b11} ‘Madanmohan-Effect of short term practice of breathing exercises on autonomic functions in normal human volunteers’. G K Pal , S Velkumary . \textit{Indian J. Med. Res} 2004. 120 p. . \bibitem[Lovibond and Lovibond ()]{b1}\label{b1} ‘Manual for the Depression’. S H Lovibond , P F Lovibond . \textit{Anxiety \& Stress Scales} 1995. (2) . (Psychology Foundation) \bibitem[Chanddla et al. (2013)]{b10}\label{b10} ‘Sanjay Gupta Effects of short term practice of pranayamic breathing excercises on cognition, anxiety, generalwell-being and heart rate variability’. S S Chanddla , S Sood , R Dogra , S Das , S K Shukla . \textit{JIMA} Oct 2013. 111 (10) p. . \bibitem[Gopal et al. (2011)]{b9}\label{b9} ‘Sarika Arora, 1 and Jayashree Bhattacharjee 1 Effect of integrated yoga practices on immune responses in examination stress -A preliminary study’. Aravind Gopal , Sunita Mondal , Asha Gandhi . \textit{Int. J Yoga} 2011 Jan-Jun. 4 (1) p. . \bibitem[Sarita Kanojia 4 and Shailesh Gupta 5 Comparative Study of Yoga and Physical Exercises on Psychological Parameters, Hand Grip Strength and Reaction Time during Examination Stress in Young Female Medical Students. Article Open Access Scientific Reports]{b6}\label{b6} ‘Sarita Kanojia 4 and Shailesh Gupta 5 Comparative Study of Yoga and Physical Exercises on Psychological Parameters, Hand Grip Strength and Reaction Time during Examination Stress in Young’. \xref{http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/scientificreports.362}{10.4172/scientificreports.362}. \url{http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/scientificreports.362} \textit{Female Medical Students. Article Open Access Scientific Reports} \bibitem[Damodaran ()]{b0}\label{b0} ‘Stress due to exams in medical students -Role of Indian’. A , A Damodaran . \textit{J Physio Pharmacol} 1999. 43 (2) p. . \bibitem[Scott (2013)]{b2}\label{b2} \textit{Stress Management Expert The Benefits of Yoga for Stress Management 12.Cure, depression, stress, anxiety by yoga and pranayama health.comeyogaguru.com/curedepression-stress-and-anxiety-by-pranayama}, Elizabeth Scott , MS . Jul 26, 2013. \bibitem[Li and Goldsmith (2012)]{b5}\label{b5} ‘The effects of yoga on anxiety and stress’. A W Li , C A Goldsmith . 22502620. \textit{Alternative Med Rev} 2012 Mar. 17 (1) p. . (Ajay Kukreja. Senthil Kumar S 3) \end{bibitemlist} \end{document}