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\def\makelabel##1{\upshape ##1}}% } {\end{list}\end{raggedright}} \newenvironment{specHead}[2]% {\vspace{20pt}\hrule\vspace{10pt}% \phantomsection\label{#1}\markright{#2}% \pdfbookmark[2]{#2}{#1}% \hspace{-0.75in}{\bfseries\fontsize{16pt}{18pt}\selectfont#2}% }{} \def\TheFullDate{2019 2019-01-15 (revised: 19 Year 2019 15 January 2019)} \def\TheID{\makeatother } \def\TheDate{2019 2019-01-15} \title{Pattern of Psychiatric Morbidity and Substance Abuse among Iraqi Prisoners} \author{}\makeatletter \makeatletter \newcommand*{\cleartoleftpage}{% \clearpage \if@twoside \ifodd\c@page \hbox{}\newpage \if@twocolumn \hbox{}\newpage \fi \fi \fi } \makeatother \makeatletter \thispagestyle{empty} \markright{\@title}\markboth{\@title}{\@author} \renewcommand\small{\@setfontsize\small{9pt}{11pt}\abovedisplayskip 8.5\p@ plus3\p@ minus4\p@ \belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip \abovedisplayshortskip \z@ plus2\p@ \belowdisplayshortskip 4\p@ plus2\p@ minus2\p@ \def\@listi{\leftmargin\leftmargini \topsep 2\p@ plus1\p@ minus1\p@ \parsep 2\p@ plus\p@ minus\p@ \itemsep 1pt} } \makeatother \fvset{frame=single,numberblanklines=false,xleftmargin=5mm,xrightmargin=5mm} \fancyhf{} \setlength{\headheight}{14pt} \fancyhead[LE]{\bfseries\leftmark} \fancyhead[RO]{\bfseries\rightmark} \fancyfoot[RO]{} \fancyfoot[CO]{\thepage} \fancyfoot[LO]{\TheID} \fancyfoot[LE]{} \fancyfoot[CE]{\thepage} \fancyfoot[RE]{\TheID} \hypersetup{citebordercolor=0.75 0.75 0.75,linkbordercolor=0.75 0.75 0.75,urlbordercolor=0.75 0.75 0.75,bookmarksnumbered=true} \fancypagestyle{plain}{\fancyhead{}\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt}} \date{} \usepackage{authblk} \providecommand{\keywords}[1] { \footnotesize \textbf{\textit{Index terms---}} #1 } \usepackage{graphicx,xcolor} \definecolor{GJBlue}{HTML}{273B81} \definecolor{GJLightBlue}{HTML}{0A9DD9} \definecolor{GJMediumGrey}{HTML}{6D6E70} \definecolor{GJLightGrey}{HTML}{929497} \renewenvironment{abstract}{% \setlength{\parindent}{0pt}\raggedright \textcolor{GJMediumGrey}{\rule{\textwidth}{2pt}} \vskip16pt \textcolor{GJBlue}{\large\bfseries\abstractname\space} }{% \vskip8pt \textcolor{GJMediumGrey}{\rule{\textwidth}{2pt}} \vskip16pt } \usepackage[absolute,overlay]{textpos} \makeatother \usepackage{lineno} \linenumbers \begin{document} \author[1]{Shalan Joodah Rhemah Al Abbudi} \author[2]{Mushtaq Talib Hashim} \renewcommand\Authands{ and } \date{\small \em Received: 13 December 2018 Accepted: 1 January 2019 Published: 15 January 2019} \maketitle \begin{abstract} Objective: Mental disorders are one of the most frequent disor¬ders in the world. The mental health of prisoners is a major issue of public health. Methods: A cross-sectional study carried at three prisons in Baghdad. All prisoners, both gender were included, using stratified random sampling technique. Socio-demographic variables were collected using an information list filled during the interview. Prisoners' mental state was checked by self-reporting questionnaires scale (SRQ-20). Positive SRQ-20 test prisoners were selected for administration of the DSM-IV Structured Interview by a consultant psychiatrist. Results: Participation rate was 70%; mean age 33.9±7.17 years, bout 50% of prisoners stay in prison between 5-10 years. The prevalence of psychiatric morbidity was 749 (73.9%); obsessive compulsive disorder 1.5%, posttraumatic stress disorder 1.6%, schizophrenia 3.2%, panic disorder 4.8%, generalized anxiety disorder 7.2%, psychosis 9.2%, personality disorder 10.5%, depression 11.9%, and substance abuse 50.1%. Conclusion: The study shows high psychiatric morbidity among Iraqi prisoners that need further attention. Methods:A cross-sectional study carried at three prisons in Baghdad. All prisoners, both gender were included, using stratified random sampling technique. Socio-demographic variables were collected using an information list filled during the interview. Prisoners' mental state was checked by self-reporting questionnaires scale (SRQ-20). Positive SRQ-20 test prisoners were selected for administration of the DSM-IV Structured Interview by a consultant psychiatrist.Results: Participation rate was 70%; mean age 33.9±7.17 years, bout 50% of prisoners stay in prison between 5-10 years. The prevalence of psychiatric morbidity was 749 (73.9%); obsessive compulsive disorder 1.5%, posttraumatic stress disorder 1.6%, schizophrenia 3.2%, panic disorder 4.8%, generalized anxiety disorder 7.2%, psychosis 9.2%, personality disorder 10.5%, depression 11.9%, and substance abuse 50.1%. Conclusion:The study shows high psychiatric morbidity among Iraqi prisoners that need further attention. \end{abstract} \keywords{iraq; prisoner; psychiatric morbidity; SRQ-20.} \begin{textblock*}{18cm}(1cm,1cm) % {block width} (coords) \textcolor{GJBlue}{\LARGE Global Journals \LaTeX\ JournalKaleidoscope\texttrademark} \end{textblock*} \begin{textblock*}{18cm}(1.4cm,1.5cm) % {block width} (coords) \textcolor{GJBlue}{\footnotesize \\ Artificial Intelligence formulated this projection for compatibility purposes from the original article published at Global Journals. However, this technology is currently in beta. \emph{Therefore, kindly ignore odd layouts, missed formulae, text, tables, or figures.}} \end{textblock*} \let\tabcellsep& \section[{Introduction}]{Introduction}\par ental health of prisoners is a major issue of public health \hyperref[b0]{1} . Studies show that mental illnesses are high prevalence among the prisoners than the general population \hyperref[b1]{2} . There are a number of important factors which could be help to explain the high rates of mental illnesses among prisoners \hyperref[b2]{3} . The environment of prison and rules regulate daily life inside prison can affect the prisoners mental health \hyperref[b3]{4} . Imprisonment is a significant stressful event in an individual's life \hyperref[b1]{2} . Imprisonment being a form punishment produces significant changes in one's physical, psychological, and social functioning \hyperref[b4]{5} . In the prison, however, basic human values are distorted, contributing to temporary or even irreversible psychological sequelae \hyperref[b5]{6} . In order to survive in the prison, the inmates have to undergo extremely harsh policies and rough conditions of imprisonment. They have to adapt to these frustrations and depravations of life \hyperref[b6]{7} . Prisoners have to reside for years in prison and sometimes for lifelong. It is a big issue facing the mental health workers why mental illness of prisoners deteriorated after imprisonment and they develop psychiatric disorders \hyperref[b7]{8} . Mental disorders prevalence was 5-10 times higher than the general population. A review of literature in 24 countries showed prevalence of depression 10\% in male and 14\% in female prisoners, and about 4\% of psychotic illness in both genders \hyperref[b8]{9} . Severe mental illness prevalence 10-15\%, while 2\% among general population. Over 50\% of prisoners in the United States with mental health problems: state prisoners 56\%, federal prisoners 45\%, and 64\% in local jails \hyperref[b9]{10} . According to WHO, health in prison project, done in clearly indicated that something must be done to improve healthcare in prison \hyperref[b10]{11} . The current study was carried out to find the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity and substance abuse among prisoners in Iraqi. \section[{II.}]{II.} \section[{Methods and Patients a) Setting and Design}]{Methods and Patients a) Setting and Design}\par The current study is a cross-sectional study including analytic component. It was carried out in 3 prisons in Baghdad. The data was collected during the period from December, 1 st , 2011 to December, 1 st , 2013. \section[{b) Sampling and Study Population}]{b) Sampling and Study Population}\par All prisoners, both awaiting trial and sentenced prisoners, both gender were included, using stratified random sampling technique. \section[{c) Inclusion criteria}]{c) Inclusion criteria}\par All the prisoners who entered jail during period of study, aged ? 18 years, of both gender, gave informed written consent and accepted to have the interview and participate in this study were included \section[{d) Exclusion criteria}]{d) Exclusion criteria}\par Acute medical illness, refused consent, mental retardation, language barriers, different nationality, age >18 years prisoners were excluded e) Data collection tools Socio-demographic variables were collected using an information list filled during interview. Prisoners' Mental status was checked by self-reporting questionnaires (SRQ-20) that was carried by the WHO and used in different countries. The cut-off point of SRQ-20 used by previous studies carried out in Iraq was seven \hyperref[b11]{12} . Prisoners showed scores above cut off point of SRQ-20, were selected for administration of the DSM-IV Structured Interview (SCID) \hyperref[b12]{13} which done by consultant psychiatrist. Information regarding substance abuse was collected through the same interview. \section[{f) Definition of variables}]{f) Definition of variables}\par Psychiatric morbidity explained by many independent variables. Independent variables were socio-demographic characteristics including; gender, age, marital status, occupation, level of education, smoking habits and duration in prisons. \section[{g) Statistical analysis}]{g) Statistical analysis}\par Analysis and processing of data was conducted by version 19a statistical package for social sciences (SPSS-19). Results are represented by percentages for qualitative variables. Chi-square was used to find the relation between two qualitative variables. P values were calculated to determine associations between sociodemographic factors and mental illness. P ?0.05 was taken as statistically significant. \section[{h) Ethical issues}]{h) Ethical issues}\par Study was carried out under the agreement of the Iraqi correctional directorate and cooperation with the prisons' health centers. Oral and written consent were taken from the prisoners. Confidentiality was assured to each prisoner. \section[{III.}]{III.} \section[{Results}]{Results}\par Present study assessed the psychiatric morbidity in Iraqi prisoners. The total number of investigated prisoners was 1447. Participation rate 70\%. The age range 25-54 years. Mean age 33.9±7.17 years. About 60\% of prisoners were below 35 years age, predominantly male 96.2\%, married 74.2\%, about 75\% low education, self-employed free work 50\%., majority were lived with their families 96.2\%. About 50\% of prisoners stay in prison between 5-10 years (Table \hyperref[tab_0]{1}) The prevalence of psychiatric morbidity was high among Iraqi prisoners with nearly three forth of the participants 749 (73.9\%). Table \hyperref[tab_1]{2} shows factors associated with mental illness. The affected participants with psychiatric morbidity were younger age groups (below 35 years) 495 (66.1\%), male gender 96\%, married 73\%, free work occupation 52.5\%, low education 77.4\%, about half of them was stay in prisons 5-10 years (49.3\%), was live within their families (98.5\%), smokers (80.4\%), substance abusers (50.1\%). The age, education, duration of prison, and substance abuse were significantly associated with psychiatric morbidity. Clinical interview by consultant psychiatrist for those with positive SRQ-20 responses (749) (73.9\%) of the participants, based on DSM-IV check list was done. Interview showed that; generalized anxiety disorder was 7.2\% of psychiatric morbidity, obsessive compulsive disorder 1.5\%, panic disorder 4.8\%, substance abuse 50.1\%, depression 11.9\%, psychosis 9.2\%, schizophrenia 3.2\%, post traumatic stress disorder 1.6\%, and personality disorder 10.5\% of the psychiatric morbidity among Iraqi prisoners (Table {\ref 3}). Table \hyperref[tab_2]{4} show the frequency and percentages of psychiatric morbidity from the total size of the sample, and correlation with the duration of prison. No mental illness 26.1\%. Psychiatric morbidity was 73.9\% of the total sample including; generalized anxiety disorder 5.3\%, panic disorder 3.6\%, posttraumatic stress disorder 1.2\%, obsessive compulsive disorder 1.1\%, substance abuse 37\%, depression 8.7\%, psychosis 6.8\%, schizophrenia 2.4\%, and personality disorder 7.8\%. \section[{Discussions}]{Discussions}\par The psychiatric disorders prevalence among Iraqi prisoners within the current study was 73.9\%. Significant statistical correlation of psychiatric disorders was found with; age (P<0.001), education (P=0.004), duration of imprisonment (P=0.016), and substance abuse (P<0.001). The prison is a correctional institute in which prisoners have restricted liberty, autonomy, and communication with family and friends. This can be devastating to some prisoners leading to disturbance in their physical, psychological and social status. current study prevalence is higher than many studies carried out across manycountries and cultures like; Mweene MT (2016) in Zambia (29.8\%) {\ref 3 , Maruf (2015)} in Bangladesh (57.2\%) \hyperref[b13]{14} , Ibrahim (2015) in Ghana (50\%) \hyperref[b14]{15} , Sepehrmanesh Z (2014) in Iran (43.4\%) \hyperref[b0]{1} , Armiya'u (2013) in Nigeria (57\%) \hyperref[b15]{16} , Mundt A P (2013) in Chile (26.6\%) \hyperref[b16]{17} , Kumar V (2013) in India (33\%) \hyperref[b17]{18} .\par Current study prevalence of mental disorder is less than many studies; Ibrahim E M (2014) Egypt (92.9\%) \hyperref[b10]{11} , Saha S K (2014) West Bengal (84\%) \hyperref[b18]{19} , Chan L G (2013) Singapore (88.3\%) \hyperref[b19]{20} , Goyal S K (2011) India (80.2\%) \hyperref[b20]{21} .\par The prevalence of the current study is nearly synonymous to these studies; Ayirolimeethal (2014) India (68.6\%) \hyperref[b21]{22} , Andreoli S B (2014) Brazil (68.9\%) \hyperref[b22]{23} , and Linda and Teplin (1997) America (75 \%) \hyperref[b0]{1} .\par Differences in prevalence rates could partly be explained by differences in sampled populations, methodological issues and classification systems. High prevalence could be due to prison circumstances and long period of isolation, and mental health requirements were recognized less by mental health workers.\par This study conclude that mental health services of prisoners required more attention to enhance the level of mental health of prisoners and staff of prison, and concentrated on the role of workers in mental health including specialist psychiatrists, clinical psychologist, mental health nurses and social counselors for early detection and proper management of psychiatric illness among prisoners. \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{1} \par \begin{longtable}{P{0.11594543744120414\textwidth}P{0.1791157102539981\textwidth}P{0.050376293508936965\textwidth}P{0.06876763875823141\textwidth}P{0.0735653809971778\textwidth}P{0.07196613358419568\textwidth}P{0.05677328316086547\textwidth}P{0.07196613358419568\textwidth}P{0.0647695202257761\textwidth}P{0.07196613358419568\textwidth}P{0.024788334901222953\textwidth}} \multicolumn{2}{l}{Sociodemographic characteristics of Iraqi prisoners participate in the study}\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{Below 5 yrs}\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{Duration of Prison 5 yrs -10 yrs}\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{More than 10 yrs}\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{Total (1013)}\tabcellsep P\\ \tabcellsep \tabcellsep No.\tabcellsep \%\tabcellsep No.\tabcellsep \%\tabcellsep No.\tabcellsep \%\tabcellsep No.\tabcellsep \%\tabcellsep \\ \tabcellsep 25 yrs -29 yrs\tabcellsep 123\tabcellsep 34.5\tabcellsep 163\tabcellsep 45.7\tabcellsep 70\tabcellsep 19.6\tabcellsep 356\tabcellsep 35.1\tabcellsep \\ \tabcellsep 30 yrs -34 yrs\tabcellsep 22\tabcellsep 8.3\tabcellsep 132\tabcellsep 49.8\tabcellsep 111\tabcellsep 41.8\tabcellsep 265\tabcellsep 26.2\tabcellsep \\ Age Groups\tabcellsep 35 yrs -39 yrs 40 yrs -44 yrs\tabcellsep 9 34\tabcellsep 5.7 32.9\tabcellsep 88 65\tabcellsep 55.7 61.9\tabcellsep 61 6\tabcellsep 38.6 5.7\tabcellsep 158 105\tabcellsep 15.6 10.4\tabcellsep 0.000\\ \tabcellsep 45 yrs -49 yrs\tabcellsep 3\tabcellsep 2.9\tabcellsep 57\tabcellsep 54.8\tabcellsep 44\tabcellsep 42.3\tabcellsep 104\tabcellsep 10.2\tabcellsep \\ \tabcellsep 50 yrs -54 yrs\tabcellsep 2\tabcellsep 8\tabcellsep 1\tabcellsep 4\tabcellsep 22\tabcellsep 88\tabcellsep 25\tabcellsep 2.5\tabcellsep \\ Gender\tabcellsep Male Female\tabcellsep 182 11\tabcellsep 18.6 28.2\tabcellsep 489 17\tabcellsep 50.2 43.5\tabcellsep 303 11\tabcellsep 31.1 28.2\tabcellsep 974 39\tabcellsep 96.2 3.8\tabcellsep 0.331\\ \tabcellsep Single\tabcellsep 47\tabcellsep 30.7\tabcellsep 56\tabcellsep 36.6\tabcellsep 50\tabcellsep 32.6\tabcellsep 153\tabcellsep 15.1\tabcellsep \\ Marital Status\tabcellsep Married\tabcellsep 127\tabcellsep 16.8\tabcellsep 386\tabcellsep 51.3\tabcellsep 239\tabcellsep 31.7\tabcellsep 752\tabcellsep 74.2\tabcellsep 0.000\\ \tabcellsep Divorced\tabcellsep 19\tabcellsep 17.6\tabcellsep 64\tabcellsep 59.2\tabcellsep 25\tabcellsep 23.1\tabcellsep 108\tabcellsep 10.7\tabcellsep \\ \tabcellsep Employed\tabcellsep 30\tabcellsep 14.0\tabcellsep 104\tabcellsep 48.6\tabcellsep 80\tabcellsep 37.3\tabcellsep 214\tabcellsep 21.2\tabcellsep \\ Occupation\tabcellsep Unemployed\tabcellsep 50\tabcellsep 17.4\tabcellsep 167\tabcellsep 58.4\tabcellsep 69\tabcellsep 24.1\tabcellsep 286\tabcellsep 28.2\tabcellsep 0.001\\ \tabcellsep Free Work\tabcellsep 113\tabcellsep 22.0\tabcellsep 235\tabcellsep 45.8\tabcellsep 165\tabcellsep 32.1\tabcellsep 513\tabcellsep 50.6\tabcellsep \\ \tabcellsep Illiterate\tabcellsep 51\tabcellsep 32.9\tabcellsep 59\tabcellsep 38.06\tabcellsep 45\tabcellsep 29.0\tabcellsep 155\tabcellsep 15.3\tabcellsep \\ \tabcellsep Primary\tabcellsep 84\tabcellsep 32.4\tabcellsep 120\tabcellsep 46.33\tabcellsep 55\tabcellsep 21.2\tabcellsep 259\tabcellsep 25.6\tabcellsep \\ Education\tabcellsep Intermediate\tabcellsep 34\tabcellsep 9.42\tabcellsep 206\tabcellsep 57.06\tabcellsep 121\tabcellsep 33.5\tabcellsep 361\tabcellsep 35.6\tabcellsep 0.000\\ \tabcellsep Secondary\tabcellsep 14\tabcellsep 7.9\tabcellsep 108\tabcellsep 61.01\tabcellsep 55\tabcellsep 31.0\tabcellsep 177\tabcellsep 17.5\tabcellsep \\ \tabcellsep University\tabcellsep 10\tabcellsep 16.4\tabcellsep 13\tabcellsep 21.3\tabcellsep 38\tabcellsep 62.2\tabcellsep 61\tabcellsep 6.0\tabcellsep \\ Living Circumstances\tabcellsep Live with family Live Alone\tabcellsep 187 6\tabcellsep 18.7 37.5\tabcellsep 498 8\tabcellsep 50 50\tabcellsep 312 2\tabcellsep 31.2 12.5\tabcellsep 997 16\tabcellsep 98.5 1.5\tabcellsep 0.095\\ \tabcellsep Total\tabcellsep 193\tabcellsep 19\%\tabcellsep 506\tabcellsep 50\%\tabcellsep 314\tabcellsep 31\%\tabcellsep 1013\tabcellsep 100\%\tabcellsep \end{longtable} \par \caption{\label{tab_0}Table 1 :}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{2} \par \begin{longtable}{P{0.09703196347031963\textwidth}P{0.22123287671232875\textwidth}P{0.06831050228310502\textwidth}P{0.09625570776255708\textwidth}P{0.08150684931506849\textwidth}P{0.08461187214611872\textwidth}P{0.07995433789954337\textwidth}P{0.08073059360730593\textwidth}P{0.040365296803652966\textwidth}} \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{SRQ responses}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{Total (1013)}\tabcellsep \\ \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{Negative (264) No. \%}\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{Positive (749) No. \%}\tabcellsep No.\tabcellsep \%\tabcellsep P value\\ \tabcellsep 25 yrs -29 yrs\tabcellsep 75\tabcellsep 28.4\tabcellsep 281\tabcellsep 37.5\tabcellsep 356\tabcellsep 35.1\tabcellsep \\ Age Group\tabcellsep 30 yrs -34 yrs\tabcellsep 51\tabcellsep 19.3\tabcellsep 214\tabcellsep 28.6\tabcellsep 265\tabcellsep 26.2\tabcellsep \\ \tabcellsep 35 yrs -39 yrs 40 yrs -44 yrs\tabcellsep 53 39\tabcellsep 20.1 14.8\tabcellsep 105 66\tabcellsep 14 8.8\tabcellsep 158 105\tabcellsep 15.6 10.4\tabcellsep 0.000\\ \tabcellsep 45 yrs -49 yrs\tabcellsep 33\tabcellsep 12.5\tabcellsep 71\tabcellsep 9.5\tabcellsep 104\tabcellsep 10.2\tabcellsep \\ \tabcellsep 50 yrs -54 yrs\tabcellsep 13\tabcellsep 4.9\tabcellsep 12\tabcellsep 1.6\tabcellsep 25\tabcellsep 2.5\tabcellsep \\ Gender\tabcellsep Male Female\tabcellsep 255 9\tabcellsep 96.6 3.4\tabcellsep 719 30\tabcellsep 96 4\tabcellsep 974 39\tabcellsep 96.2 3.8\tabcellsep 0.665\\ Marital Status\tabcellsep Single\tabcellsep 36\tabcellsep 13.6\tabcellsep 117\tabcellsep 15.6\tabcellsep 153\tabcellsep 15.1\tabcellsep \\ \tabcellsep Married\tabcellsep 205\tabcellsep 77.7\tabcellsep 547\tabcellsep 73.0\tabcellsep 752\tabcellsep 74.2\tabcellsep 0.310\\ \tabcellsep Divorced\tabcellsep 23\tabcellsep 8.7\tabcellsep 85\tabcellsep 11.4\tabcellsep 108\tabcellsep 10.7\tabcellsep \\ Occupation\tabcellsep Employed\tabcellsep 67\tabcellsep 25.4\tabcellsep 147\tabcellsep 19.6\tabcellsep 214\tabcellsep 21.1\tabcellsep \\ \tabcellsep Unemployed\tabcellsep 77\tabcellsep 29.2\tabcellsep 209\tabcellsep 27.9\tabcellsep 286\tabcellsep 28.2\tabcellsep 0.079\\ \tabcellsep Free Work\tabcellsep 120\tabcellsep 45.4\tabcellsep 393\tabcellsep 52.5\tabcellsep 513\tabcellsep 50.7\tabcellsep \\ \tabcellsep Illiterate\tabcellsep 25\tabcellsep 9.5\tabcellsep 130\tabcellsep 17.4\tabcellsep 155\tabcellsep 15.3\tabcellsep \\ Education\tabcellsep Primary School\tabcellsep 81\tabcellsep 30.7\tabcellsep 178\tabcellsep 23.7\tabcellsep 259\tabcellsep 25.6\tabcellsep \\ \tabcellsep Intermediate\tabcellsep 89\tabcellsep 33.7\tabcellsep 272\tabcellsep 36.3\tabcellsep 361\tabcellsep 35.6\tabcellsep 0.004\\ \tabcellsep Secondary\tabcellsep 47\tabcellsep 17.8\tabcellsep 130\tabcellsep 17.4\tabcellsep 177\tabcellsep 17.5\tabcellsep \\ \tabcellsep University\tabcellsep 22\tabcellsep 8.3\tabcellsep 39\tabcellsep 5.2\tabcellsep 61\tabcellsep 6.\tabcellsep \\ Duration of Prison\tabcellsep Below 5 yrs\tabcellsep 35\tabcellsep 13.3\tabcellsep 158\tabcellsep 21.1\tabcellsep 193\tabcellsep 19\tabcellsep \\ \tabcellsep 5 yrs -10 yrs\tabcellsep 137\tabcellsep 51.9\tabcellsep 369\tabcellsep 49.3\tabcellsep 506\tabcellsep 50\tabcellsep 0.016\\ \multicolumn{2}{l}{More than 10 yrs}\tabcellsep 92\tabcellsep 34.8\tabcellsep 222\tabcellsep 29.6\tabcellsep 314\tabcellsep 31\tabcellsep \\ Living\tabcellsep Live with family Live Alone\tabcellsep 259 5\tabcellsep 98.1 1.9\tabcellsep 738 11\tabcellsep 98.5 1.5\tabcellsep 997 16\tabcellsep 98.4 1.6\tabcellsep 0.408\\ \tabcellsep Non Smoker\tabcellsep 46\tabcellsep 17.4\tabcellsep 147\tabcellsep 19.6\tabcellsep 193\tabcellsep 19\tabcellsep \\ Smoking In Prison\tabcellsep Smoker\tabcellsep 218\tabcellsep 82.6\tabcellsep 602\tabcellsep 80.4\tabcellsep 820\tabcellsep 81\tabcellsep 0.433\\ Substance Abuse\tabcellsep Non abusers Abusers\tabcellsep 264 0\tabcellsep 100 0\tabcellsep 374 375\tabcellsep 49.9 50.1\tabcellsep 638 375\tabcellsep 63 37\tabcellsep 0.000\\ Total\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 264\tabcellsep 100\%\tabcellsep 749\tabcellsep 100\%\tabcellsep 1013\tabcellsep 100\%\tabcellsep \end{longtable} \par \caption{\label{tab_1}Table 2 :}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{4} \par \begin{longtable}{P{0.24499121265377852\textwidth}P{0.18075571177504393\textwidth}P{0.053778558875219686\textwidth}P{0.04033391915641476\textwidth}P{0.05676625659050967\textwidth}P{0.07768014059753954\textwidth}P{0.11203866432337434\textwidth}P{0.0657293497363796\textwidth}P{0.017926186291739893\textwidth}} \multicolumn{2}{l}{Frequency and percentages of psychiatric morbidity among the total sample with statistical relation with duration of imprisonment}\tabcellsep <5 yrs\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{Durations of Prison 5-10yrs}\tabcellsep >10 yrs\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{Total (1013) No. \%}\tabcellsep P Value\\ SRQ -20 Responses\tabcellsep Negative Positive\tabcellsep 35 158\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 137 369\tabcellsep 92 222\tabcellsep \multicolumn{3}{l}{264 26.1\% 0.016 749 73.9\%}\\ \tabcellsep No mental illness\tabcellsep 35\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 137\tabcellsep 92\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{264 26.1\%}\\ \tabcellsep GAD\tabcellsep 13\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 22\tabcellsep 19\tabcellsep 54\tabcellsep 5.3\%\\ \tabcellsep PANIC\tabcellsep 7\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 18\tabcellsep 11\tabcellsep 36\tabcellsep 3.6\%\\ \tabcellsep PTSD\tabcellsep 0\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 12\tabcellsep 0\tabcellsep 12\tabcellsep 1.2\%\\ \tabcellsep OCD\tabcellsep 2\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 9\tabcellsep 0\tabcellsep 11\tabcellsep 1.1\%\\ Clinical Diagnosis\tabcellsep SUBSTANCE ABUSE\tabcellsep 87\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 184\tabcellsep 104\tabcellsep 375\tabcellsep 37\%\tabcellsep 0.000\\ \tabcellsep DEPRESSION\tabcellsep 29\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 35\tabcellsep 25\tabcellsep 89\tabcellsep 8.7\%\\ \tabcellsep PSYCHOSIS\tabcellsep 9\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 25\tabcellsep 35\tabcellsep 69\tabcellsep 6.8\%\\ \tabcellsep SCHIZOPHRENIA\tabcellsep 9\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 14\tabcellsep 1\tabcellsep 24\tabcellsep 2.4\%\\ \tabcellsep PERSONALITY DISORDER\tabcellsep 2\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 50\tabcellsep 27\tabcellsep 79\tabcellsep 7.8\%\\ \tabcellsep Total\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{193 (19\%)}\tabcellsep 506 (50\%)\tabcellsep \multicolumn{3}{l}{314 (31\%) 1013 100\%}\end{longtable} \par \caption{\label{tab_2}Table 4 :}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{5} \par \begin{longtable}{P{0.4148406374501992\textwidth}P{0.0795816733067729\textwidth}P{0.18286852589641434\textwidth}P{0.011852589641434262\textwidth}P{0.006772908366533864\textwidth}P{0.005079681274900398\textwidth}P{0.05926294820717131\textwidth}P{0.08974103585657371\textwidth}} \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep Total (749)\\ \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{3}{l}{Psychiatric Morbidity}\tabcellsep \\ \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep No.\tabcellsep \%\\ \tabcellsep \tabcellsep GAD\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep 54\tabcellsep 7.2 \%\\ \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{PANIC}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep 36\tabcellsep 4.8\%\\ \tabcellsep \tabcellsep PTSD\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep 12\tabcellsep 1.6\%\\ \tabcellsep \tabcellsep OCD\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep 11\tabcellsep 1.5\%\\ \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{3}{l}{SUBSTANCE ABUSE}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 375\tabcellsep 50.1\%\\ Year 2019\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{3}{l}{DEPRESSION PSYCHOSIS SCHIZOPHRENIA}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 89 69 24\tabcellsep 11.9\% 9.2\% 3.2\%\\ 16\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{4}{l}{PERSONALITY DISORDER}\tabcellsep 79\tabcellsep 10.5\%\\ Volume XIX Issue I Version I\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\ D D D D ) A\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\ (\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\ Medical Research\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\ Global Journal of\tabcellsep \multicolumn{5}{l}{shows the statistical significances of}\\ \multicolumn{6}{l}{each clinical diagnosis, resulted from the DSM-IV}\\ Structured\tabcellsep Interview\tabcellsep for\tabcellsep (SCID),\tabcellsep with\tabcellsep the\\ \multicolumn{6}{l}{sociodemographic characteristics of the Iraqi prisoners}\\ \multicolumn{2}{l}{included in this study.}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\ \multicolumn{2}{l}{© 2019 Global Journals 1}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \end{longtable} \par \caption{\label{tab_3}Table 5}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{5} \par \begin{longtable}{} \end{longtable} \par \caption{\label{tab_4}Table 5 :}\end{figure} \backmatter \begin{bibitemlist}{1} \bibitem[Von Schonfeld et al.]{b42}\label{b42} \textit{}, C E Von Schonfeld , F Schneider , T Schroder , B Widmann , U Botthof , M Driessen . 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