@incollection{,
	
					
					
					077586B3118E622293031B2D4CDCB44F
				,
	author={{Umeaku, Chinyelu Nkiru, Ukoha, Chinwe Clarice, Ebe, Tochukwu Ezechi, Ozo, Chinwe Njideka, Egbuna, Helen Ifeoma, Ibekwe, Maureen Ifeynwa, Chukwuno, Esther Oluchukwu, Okeke, UgochukwuChibueze} and {Ojukwu University}},
	journal={{Global Journal of Medical Research}},
	journal={{GJMR}}2249-46180975-588810.34257/GJMR,
	address={Cambridge, United States},
	publisher={Global Journals Organisation}20116
}

@incollection{b0,
	
	
		,
	title={{Prevalence of Candidaalbicans and bacterial vaginosis in asymptomatic pregnant women in South Yorkshire}}
		,
	author={{
			AAAkinbiyi
		} and {
			RWatson
		} and {
			WPFeyi
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{United Kingdom. Archive of Gynecology}}
		
			278
			
			,
	year={2008}
		
	

}

@incollection{b1,
	
	
		,
	title={{Antifungal resistance among Candida species from patients with genitourinary tract infection isolated in Benin City, Edo estate}}
		,
	author={{
			EAkortha
		} and {
			OChikwe
		} and {
			ONwaugo
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Nigeria. African Journal of Microbiological Research}}
		
			3
			11
			
			,
	year={2009}
		
	

}

@incollection{b2,
	
	
		,
	title={{Prevalence of asymptomatic co-infection of Candidiasis and vaginal Trichomonas among pregnant women in Abakaliki}}
		,
	author={{
			MNAlo
		} and {
			CAnyim
		} and {
			AKOnyebuchi
		} and {
			ECOkonkwo
		}}
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Natural Sciences}}
		
			2
			7
			
			,
	year={2012}
		
	

}

@incollection{b3,
	
	
		,
	title={{Impact of treatment strategy on outcomes in patients with candidemia and other forms of invasive candidiasis}}
		,
	author={{
			DRAndes
		} and {
			NSafdar
		} and {
			JWBaddley
		} and {
			GPlayford
		} and {
			ACReboli
		} and {
			JHRex
		}}
		
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Clinical Infectious Diseases}}
		
			54
			8
			
			,
	year={2012}
		
	

}

@incollection{b4,
	
	
		,
	title={{Incidence of vaginal candidiasis in leucorrhoea in women attending in orthopedic of gynecology and obstetrics department}}
		,
	author={{
			BJAring
		} and {
			PJMankodi
		} and {
			JHJasani
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{International Journal of Biomedical and Advanced}}
		
			3
			12
			
			,
	year={2012}
		
	

}

@incollection{b5,
	
	
		,
	title={{Prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis and susceptibility to fluconazole in women}}
		,
	author={{
			TGBauters
		} and {
			MADhont
		} and {
			MITemmerman
		} and {
			HJNelis
		}}
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology}}
		
			187
			3
			
			,
	year={2002}
		
	

}

@incollection{b6,
	
	
		,
	title={{Virulence factors of Candida albicans}}
		,
	author={{
			RACalderone
		} and {
			WAFonzi
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Trends in}}
		
			9
			
			,
	year={2001}
		
	

}

@incollection{b7,
	
	
		,
	title={{Vaginal candidiasis: evolving trends in the incidence and treatment of non-Candida albicans infection. Current Problems in Obstetrics}}
		,
	author={{
			GCauwenbergh
		}}
	
	
		,
	booktitle={{Gynecology and Fertility8}}
				
			,
	year={2000}
			241
		
	

}

@incollection{b8,
	
	
		,
	title={{Micafungin: a new echinocandin}}
		,
	author={{
			PHChandrasekar
		} and {
			JDSobel
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Clinical Infectious}}
		
			42
			8
			
			,
	year={2006}
		
	

}

@incollection{b9,
	
	
		,
	title={{An epidemiological surgery of vulvovaginal candidiasis in Italy}}
		,
	author={{
			SCorsello
		} and {
			ASpinillo
		} and {
			GOsnengo
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive}}
		
			110
			1
			
			,
	year={2003}
		
	

}

@book{b10,
	
	
		,
	title={{The regulation of filamentous growth in yeast}}
		,
	author={{
			PJCullen
		} and {
			GFSprague
		}}
		
		
			,
	year={2012}
			190
			
		
	

}

@book{b11,
	
	
		,
	title={{Local treatment of vulvovaginal candidosis: general and practical considerations}}
		,
	author={{
			JDas-Neves
		} and {
			EPinto
		} and {
			BTeixeira
		} and {
			GDias
		} and {
			PRocha
		} and {
			TCunha
		}}
		
		
		
		
		
		
			,
	year={2008}
			68
			
		
	

}

@incollection{b12,
	
	
		,
	title={{Prevalence and risk factors for vaginal Candida colonization in women with type 1 and type 2 diabetes}}
		,
	author={{
			EMDe Leon
		} and {
			SJJacober
		} and {
			JDSobel
		} and {
			BFoxman
		}}
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Bio Med Central Infectious Diseases2}}
		
			,
	year={2002}
		
	

}

@incollection{b13,
	
	
		,
	title={{Small intestinal fungal overgrowth}}
		,
	author={{
			AErdogan
		} and {
			SSRao
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Current Gastroenterology}}
		
			17
			4
			16
			,
	year={2015}
		
	

}

@incollection{b14,
	
	
		,
	title={{Chronic vulvovaginal candidiasis}}
		,
	author={{
			DAEschenbach
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{The New England Journal}}
		
			351
			9
			
			,
	year={2004}
		
	

}

@incollection{b15,
	
	
		,
	title={{Vaginal candidosis: epidemiological and etiological factors}}
		,
	author={{
			JFerrer
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{International Journal of Gynecology}}
		
			71
			1
			
			,
	year={2000}
		
	

}

@incollection{b16,
	
	
		,
	title={{Over-thecounter antifungal drug misuse associated with patient diagnosed vulvovaginal candidiasis}}
		,
	author={{
			DGFerris
		} and {
			PNyirjesy
		} and {
			JDSobel
		} and {
			DSoper
		} and {
			APavletic
		} and {
			MSLitaker
		}}
		
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Obstetrics}}
		
			99
			3
			
			,
	year={2002}
		
	

}

@incollection{b17,
	
	
		,
	title={{Candida-host interactions in Human Immune Deficiency Virus disease: relationships in or opharyngeal candidiasis}}
		,
	author={{
			PLFidel
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Advances in Dental}}
		
			19
			
			,
	year={2006}
		
	

}

@incollection{b18,
	
	
		,
	title={{Frequency and response to vaginal symptoms among white and African American women: results of a random digit dialing survey}}
		,
	author={{
			BFoxman
		} and {
			JVMarsh
		} and {
			BGillespie
		} and {
			JDSobel
		}}
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Women}}
		
			7
			9
			
			,
	year={2008}
		
	

}

@book{b19,
	
	
		,
	title={{Risk factors for vulvovaginal candidiasis: a case-control study among university students}}
		,
	author={{
			AMGeiger
		} and {
			BFoxman
		}}
		
		
			,
	year={2006}
			7
			
		
	

}

@incollection{b20,
	
	
		,
	title={{Biofilm formation in clinical Candida isolates and its association with virulence}}
		,
	author={{
			FHasan
		} and {
			IXess
		} and {
			XWang
		} and {
			NJain
		} and {
			BCFries
		}}
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Microbes and Infection}}
		
			11
			
			,
	year={2009}
		
	

}

@incollection{b21,
	
	
		,
	title={{Epidemiology and outcomes of candidemia in 2019 patients: data from the prospective antifungal therapy alliance registry}}
		,
	author={{
			DLHorn
		} and {
			DNeofytos
		} and {
			EJAnaissie
		} and {
			JAFishman
		} and {
			WJSteinbach
		} and {
			AJOlyaei
		} and {
			KAMarr
		} and {
			MAPfaller
		} and {
			CHChang
		} and {
			KMWebster
		}}
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Clinical Infectious Diseases}}
		
			48
			
			,
	year={2009}
		
	

}

@incollection{b22,
	
	
		,
	title={{Rapid susceptibility testing and microcolony analysis of Candida species cultured and imaged on porous aluminum oxide}}
		,
	author={{
			CJIngham
		} and {
			SBoonstra
		} and {
			SLevels
		} and {
			MDe Lange
		} and {
			JFMeis
		} and {
			PMSchneeberger
		}}
		
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Public}}
		
			1
			7
			
			,
	year={2012}
		
	

}

@incollection{b23,
	
	
		,
	title={{Symptomatic vulvovaginal candidiasis and genital colonization by Candida species in Nigeria}}
		,
	author={{
			GTJombo
		} and {
			SOOpajobi
		} and {
			DZEgah
		} and {
			EBBanwat
		} and {
			APDenen
		}}
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Public Health}}
		
			2
			6
			
			,
	year={2010}
		
	

}

@incollection{b24,
	
	
		,
	title={{Diagnosis and management of fungal urinary tract infection}}
		,
	author={{
			CAKauffman
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Infectious Disease Clinics of North}}
		
			28
			1
			
			,
	year={2013}
		
	

}

@book{b25,
	
	
		,
	title={{Oral and maxillofacial surgery}}
		,
	author={{
			CKerawala
		} and {
			CNewlands
		}}
		
		
			,
	year={2010}
			,
	publisher={Oxford University Press}
			
			,
	address={London}
		
	

}

@incollection{b26,
	
	
		,
	title={{Anidulafungin compared with fluconazole in severely ill patients with candidemia and other forms of invasive candidiasis}}
		,
	author={{
			DHKett
		} and {
			AFShorr
		} and {
			ACReboli
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Critical}}
		
			15
			5
			253
			,
	year={2011}
		
	

}

@incollection{b27,
	
	
		,
	title={{Time to positivity of blood cultures of different Candida species causing fungaemia}}
		,
	author={{
			CCLai
		} and {
			CYWang
		} and {
			WLLiu
		} and {
			YTHuang
		} and {
			PRHsueh
		}}
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Medical Microbiology}}
		
			61
			
			,
	year={2012}
		
	

}

@incollection{b28,
	
	
		,
	title={{The incidence of Candida albicans in the vagina of "healthy young women". How often do they have symptoms? Possible etiological factors}}
		,
	author={{
			MLeegaard
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica}}
		
			63
			1
			
			,
	year={2004}
		
	

}

@incollection{b29,
	
	
		,
	title={{New Rapid Blood Test Could Cut Mortality}}
		,
	author={{
			RLewis
		} and {
			Candida
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Medscape Medical News}}
		
			,
	year={Apr 25 2013. Apr 30, 2013}
		
	

}

@incollection{b30,
	
	
		,
	title={{Vulvovaginal candidiasis}}
		,
	author={{
			JMarrazzo
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{British Medical}}
		
			3
			4
			
			,
	year={2002}
		
	

}

@book{b31,
	
	
		,
	author={{
			FCMartini
		} and {
			WCOber
		} and {
			CWGarrison
		} and {
			KWelch
		} and {
			RTHutchings
		}}
		
		
		
		
		,
	title={{Fundamentals of Anatomy and Physiology. Fifth Edition}}
				Prentice-Hall Eaglewood Cliffs, United States of America
		
			,
	year={2001}
			
		
	

}

@book{b32,
	
	
		,
	title={{Candidiasis: predisposing factors, prevention, diagnosis and alternative treatment}}
		,
	author={{
			NMartins
		} and {
			ICFerreira
		} and {
			LBarros
		} and {
			SSilva
		} and {
			MHenriques
		}}
		
		
		
		
		
			,
	year={2014}
			177
			
		
	

}

@incollection{b33,
	
	
		,
	title={{Prospective study of vaginal bacterial flora and other risk factors for vulvovaginal candidiasis}}
		,
	author={{
			RSMcclelland
		} and {
			BARichardson
		} and {
			WMHassan
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Infectious}}
		
			199
			12
			
			,
	year={2009}
		
	

}

@incollection{b34,
	
	
		,
	title={{Reproductive tract infection in women of reproductive age group in Sitapur/ Shahjahanpur district of Uttar Pradesh}}
		,
	author={{
			DNandan
		} and {
			YPGupta
		} and {
			VKrishnan
		} and {
			ASharma
		} and {
			SKMisra
		}}
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Indian Journal of Public}}
		
			5
			1
			
			,
	year={2011}
		
	

}

@incollection{b35,
	
	
		,
	title={{Prevalence of vaginal candidiasis and determination of the occurrence of Candida species in pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic of Thika District Hospital}}
		,
	author={{
			MNelson
		} and {
			WWanjiru
		} and {
			MWMargaret
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Kenya. Open Journal of Medical Microbiology}}
		
			3
			
			,
	year={2013}
		
	

}

@incollection{b36,
	
	
		,
	title={{Suppression of anti-Candida activity of murine neutrophils by progesterone in vitro: A possible mechanism in pregnant women's vulnerability to vaginal candidiasis}}
		,
	author={{
			TNohmi
		} and {
			SAbe
		} and {
			KDobashi
		} and {
			STansho
		} and {
			HYamaguchi
		}}
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Microbiology and Immunology}}
		
			39
			
			,
	year={2005}
		
	

}

@incollection{b37,
	
	
		,
	title={{Vaginal candidiasis and its risk factors among women attending a Nigerian teaching hospital}}
		,
	author={{
			SINwadioha
		} and {
			EONwokedi
		} and {
			JEgesie
		} and {
			HEnejuo
		}}
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal}}
		
			20
			
			,
	year={2013}
		
	

}

@incollection{b38,
	
	
		,
	title={{Chronic vulvovaginal candidiasis}}
		,
	author={{
			PNyirjesy
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{American Family}}
		
			63
			4
			
			,
	year={2001}
		
	

}

@incollection{b39,
	
	
		,
	title={{Vulvovaginal candidiasis}}
		,
	author={{
			PNyirjesy
		} and {
			JDSobel
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North}}
		
			30
			4
			
			,
	year={2003}
		
	

}

@book{b40,
	
	
		,
	title={{Candida and Candidiasis: A Review and Bibliography. Second Edition}}
		,
	author={{
			FCOdds
		}}
		
			,
	year={2008}
			,
	publisher={Bailliere Tindall Press}
			
			,
	address={London}
		
	

}

@incollection{b41,
	
	
		,
	title={{The distribution frequency of Candida species in the genitourinary tract among symptomatic individuals in Nigeria cities}}
		,
	author={{
			FIOkungbowa
		} and {
			OSIsuehuemhen
		} and {
			ADede
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Revista Iberoamericana de Micologia}}
		
			20
			
			,
	year={2003}
		
	

}

@incollection{b42,
	
	
		,
	title={{Vulvovaginal candidiasis among women in makkah city, Saudi Arabia}}
		,
	author={{
			AAOmar
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Research Journal of Medical}}
		
			7
			4
			
			,
	year={2001}
		
	

}

@incollection{b43,
	
	
		,
	title={{Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Candidiasis}}
		,
	author={{
			PGPappas
		} and {
			CAKauffman
		} and {
			DRAndes
		} and {
			CJClancy
		} and {
			KAMarr
		} and {
			ZLOstrosky
		}}
		
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Clinical Infectious}}
		
			62
			4
			
			,
	year={2016}
		
	

}

@incollection{b44,
	
	
		,
	title={{Clinical practice guidelines for the management of candidiasis}}
		,
	author={{
			PGPappas
		} and {
			CAKauffman
		} and {
			DAndes
		} and {
			DKBenjamin
		} and {
			TFCalandra
		} and {
			JEEdwards
		}}
		
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Clinical Infectious}}
		
			48
			5
			
			,
	year={2009}
		
	

}

@incollection{b45,
	
	
		,
	title={{Guidelines for treatment of candidiasis}}
		,
	author={{
			PGPappas
		} and {
			JHRex
		} and {
			JDSobel
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Clinical Infectious Diseases}}
		
			38
			2
			
			,
	year={2004}
		
	

}

@incollection{b46,
	
	
		,
	title={{Effects of reproductive hormones on experimental vaginal Candidiasis}}
		,
	author={{
			LFPaul
		} and {
			CJessica
		} and {
			SChad
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Infection}}
		
			68
			2
			
			,
	year={2000}
		
	

}

@incollection{b47,
	
	
		,
	title={{Prevalence of Candidaglabrata and its response to boric acid vaginal suppositories in comparison with oral fluconazole in patients with diabetes and vulvovaginal candidiasis}}
		,
	author={{
			DRay
		} and {
			RGoswami
		} and {
			UBanerjee
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Diabetes}}
		
			30
			2
			
			,
	year={2007}
		
	

}

@incollection{b48,
	
	
		,
	title={{Risk factors for Candida vulvovaginitis}}
		,
	author={{
			BDReed
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Obstetrical and Gynecological}}
		
			47
			8
			
			,
	year={2002}
		
	

}

@incollection{b49,
	
	
		,
	title={{Differentiation of Gardnerella vaginalis, Candida albicans, and Trichomonas vaginalis infections of the vagina}}
		,
	author={{
			BDReed
		} and {
			WHuck
		} and {
			PZazove
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{The Journal of Family}}
		
			28
			6
			
			,
	year={2009}
		
	

}

@incollection{b50,
	
	
		,
	title={{Practice guidelines for the treatment of candidiasis. Infectious Diseases Society of America}}
		,
	author={{
			JHRex
		} and {
			TJWalsh
		} and {
			JDSobel
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Clinical Infectious}}
		
			30
			4
			
			,
	year={2000}
		
	

}

@incollection{b51,
	
	
		,
	title={{Treatment of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis}}
		,
	author={{
			ERingdahl
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{American Family}}
		
			61
			11
			
			,
	year={2000}
		
	

}

@incollection{b52,
	
	
		,
	title={{Adherence and biofilm formation of non-Candida albicans Candida species}}
		,
	author={{
			SSilva
		} and {
			MNegri
		} and {
			MHenriques
		} and {
			ROliveira
		} and {
			DWWilliams
		} and {
			JAzeredo
		}}
		
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Trends in}}
		
			19
			
			,
	year={2011}
		
	

}

@incollection{b53,
	
	
		,
	title={{Treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis}}
		,
	author={{
			SISingh
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Clinical Reviews}}
		
			136
			9
			
			,
	year={2003}
		
	

}

@incollection{b54,
	
	
		,
	title={{Maintenance fluconazole therapy for recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis}}
		,
	author={{
			JDSobel
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{N Engl J Med}}
		
			351
			9
			
			,
	year={2004}
		
	

}

@incollection{b55,
	
	
		,
	title={{Vulvovaginal candidosis}}
		,
	author={{
			JDSobel
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{The}}
		
			369
			
			,
	year={2007}
		
	

}

@incollection{b56,
	
	
		,
	title={{The impact of oral contraception on vulvovaginal candidiasis}}
		,
	author={{
			ASpinillo
		} and {
			ECapuzzo
		} and {
			SNicola
		} and {
			FBaltaro
		} and {
			AFerrari
		} and {
			AMonaco
		}}
		
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Contraception}}
		
			51
			5
			
			,
	year={2005}
		
	

}

@incollection{b57,
	
	
		,
	title={{Effect of antibiotic use on the prevalence of symptomatic vulvovaginal candidiasis}}
		,
	author={{
			ASpinillo
		} and {
			ECapuzzo
		} and {
			SAcciano
		} and {
			ADe Santolo
		} and {
			FZara
		}}
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{American Journal of Obstetrics}}
		
			180
			1
			
			,
	year={2009}
		
	

}

@book{b58,
	
	
		,
	title={{Vaginal and vulval candidiasis}}
		,
	author={{
			HWillacy
		} and {
			CJackson
		}}
		
		
		
			,
	year={2011. May 17. 2015}
		
	

}

@book{b59,
	
	
		,
	title={{Koneman's Color Atlas and Textbook of Diagnostic Microbiology}}
		,
	author={{
			WCWinn
		} and {
			SDAllen
		} and {
			WMJanda
		} and {
			EWKoneman
		} and {
			GWProcop
		} and {
			PCSchreckenberger
		} and {
			GLWoods
		}}
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
			,
	year={2006}
			,
	publisher={Lippincott Williams and Welkins Press}
			
			,
	address={United States of America}
		
	
	,
	note={Sixth Edition}

}