# Introduction

ypertension is currently one of the most pressing medical problems. This is largely due to the fact that arterial hypertension, which largely determines high cardiovascular morbidity, disability and mortality, and is also characterized by a wide prevalence. [1,2] Myocardial remodeling remains a significant factor worsening the course and prognosis of hypertension. While the remodeling of the left ventricle in hypertension has been studied rather well, the state of the right ventricle has received much less attention. Violations of the diastolic function of the right ventricle in patients with heart failure are an independent prognostic factor for survival, and the use of tissue Doppler ultrasonography reveals new informative parameters of diastolic dysfunction, as well as to prove its relationship with the development of pulmonary hypertension [1,2,4].

Despite the proven opinion about an increase in the risk of death from cardiovascular diseases with a combination of heart failure and arterial hypertension, myocardial remodeling in hypertensive disease against the background of concomitant heart failure is also insufficiently studied. Adaptive processes in the heart during the development of heart failure against the background of long-term arterial hypertension have their own characteristics, manifested in impaired diastolic function of the right ventricle. [5,6,7] preventive measures and treatment. As a rule, in this disease, the left ventricle is primarily and to a greater extent affected, and the main load falls on it from the very beginning of the disease [8,9,10]. It should be noted that the diastolic function, being a complex process consisting of numerous interrelated factors, depends on such indicators as: age, gender, body surface area, breathing phase, ventricular myocardial mass, heart rate, -and after load. [11,12] With the help of various research methods, it has been established that the pancreas with hypertrophy also undergoes hypertrophy, impairments of its contractility and clinically expressed insufficiency develop. [12] Purpose of the study: To study the diastolic function of the right ventricle in patients with different stages of hypertension and with concomitant heart failure of II-III functional classes.


# II.


# Materials and Methods

We examined 71 patients with essential hypertension. All examined were subjected to a comprehensive examination in order to exclude symptomatic hypertension and other diseases. The diagnosis of hypertension was made on the basis of the criteria proposed by the WHO expert committee. The study included patients with stage II-III hypertension -31 women (43.66%) and 40 men (56.3%) (aged 25 to 63). The average age in the group was 50.3 ± 4.6 years. For men, the average age was 43.4 ± 4.9 years and for women, 52.7 ± 4.9 years. The antihypertensive drugs were discontinued 24 hours before the start of the study.

Electroocardiographic examination was carried out in 12 conventional leads at a speed of 50 mm / sec.

Blood pressure was measured after at least 5 minutes of patient rest. Blood pressure was measured on the right brachial artery using the Korotkov method. The diagnosis of stage II hypertension was established in 46 patients. The average age of the patients was 42.3 ± 4.2 years. Of these, 21 women (average age 44.7 ± 4.7 years) and 25 men (average age 37.4 ± 4.7 years). The study excluded patients with diseases that significantly affect the systolic and diastolic function of the right ventricle, such as diabetes mellitus, obesity, chronic nonspecific lung diseases, tricuspid regurgitation more than grade II, tachycardia with heart rate more than 100 beats per minute and atrial fibrillation.

III.


# Results and Discussion

All patients showed signs of left ventricular hypertrophy on the ECG and the presence of hypertensive retinal angioretinopathy. Stage III hypertension was diagnosed in 25 patients with lesions of target organs. The average age of the patients was 57.1 ± 4.3 years. Of these, 10 women (average age 55.9 ± 4.6 years) and 15 men (average age 62.4 ± 4.5 years). Of these, 7 patients (2 women and 5 men, average age 63.3 ± 4.7 years) had a history of transient cerebrovascular accidents, the remaining 18 (6 women and 12 men, average age 56.2 ± 5 , 3 years)documented coronary heart disease. The groups of patients with stage II and III hypertension did not differ significantly in terms of sex and age. The combination of hypertension and coronary heart disease and 8 men, mean age 54.3 ± 2.6 years) and in 15 patients with hypertension stage III (60%) (7 women and 8 men, mean age 61.2 ± 7.3 years the diagnosis of ischemic heart disease in hypertensive patients was made according to the criteria recommended by the WHO [2]. In the group of patients included in the study, the duration of hypertension was 13.4 ± 3.2 years, the duration of a stable increase in blood pressure was -9.7 ± 3.8 years. 38 examined patients (53.5%) complained of headaches, 21 patients complained of dizziness, 29.5%), pain in the left side of the chest was observed in 30 patients (42.2%). The severity of heart failure in patients with various stages of hypertension is shown in Table 1. The distribution of patients by age and severity of heart failure is shown in Table 2. Among the examined patients included in the study, the labile course of the disease was noted in 7 (9.8%), stable blood pressure values -in 64 (90.1%) patients.

According to the "Recommendations of the WHO Committee of Experts" [1,2], the examination included patients with mild, moderate and high arterial hypertension. Patients with a mild form of increased blood pressure were 25 (35.2%), with a moderate form -37 (52.1%) and high arterial hypertension -9 patients (12.7%).

An objective clinical study in 26 patients (36.6%) revealed an expansion of the boundaries of the relative dullness of the heart to the left. And in almost all hypertension stage III, a tendency toward a decrease in the fraction of the right ventricle was determined. The rest of the clinical indicators between the subgroups practically did not differ. Comparative clinical characteristics of patients depending on the degree of rise in diastolic blood pressure are shown in Table 3. Indicators of systolic function of the right ventricle did not differ significantly between the subgroups. The analysis of the parameters of the diastolic function of the right ventricle was carried out depending on the level of rise in diastolic blood pressure between patients with mild and high arterial hypertension. At the same time, significant differences were revealed that related to the ratio of the maximum filling rate to the maximum expulsion rate with a tendency to an increase in the time of the fast filling phase, the contribution of the fast filling phase to the diastole of the right ventricle, which was due to the initial signs of diastolic dysfunction of the right ventricle with a decrease in the maximum speed filling and a moderate increase in the contribution of the right atrial systole to the filling of the right ventricle.

The indices of relaxation and filling of the right ventricle between patients with mild and moderate increases in blood pressure did not differ significantly, except for patients with a moderate increase in diastolic blood pressure. When analyzing the diastolic function of the right ventricle, depending on the stage of hypertension, the following indicators were revealed (Table 4). Significant differences between the subgroups of patients with essential hypertension concerned only the ratio of the maximum filling rate to the maximum expulsion rate, which significantly decreased in stage II hypertension.  Further study of the diastolic function in patients with stage II hypertension revealed that 31 patients (40.8%) had a "pseudo-normal" type of diastolic disorders, which consists in approaching the normative indicators of the maximum filling rate, as well as in normalizing the contribution of the system atrial tolas (Table 8). Thus, the diastolic function of the left ventricle depends on the level of blood pressure and / or the presence of myocardial hypertrophy, but also on the neurohumoral changes that are characteristic of the initial stages of hypertension. The revealed data show the processes of myocardial hypertrophy not only of the left, but also of the right ventricle. The development of diastolic disorders on the part of the right ventricle begins with a decrease in the maximum filling rate and a compensatory increase in pressure in the right atrium. These disorders are significant in comparison with the pseudo-normal type of diastolic dysfunction. The significant nature of these changes and the relatively high number of patients with this type of diastolic disorders among patients with stage II essential hypertension cause a tendency towards a decrease in the maximum filling rate in stage II hypertension, which led to a significant decrease in the index of maximum filling rate / maximum expulsion rate in these data. sick.

The pseudonormal type of right ventricular dysfunction is associated with an increase in maximum filling rate. The increase in the maximum filling speed is of a compensatory nature, allowing to overcome the rigidity of the right ventricle. In addition, this type of diastolic dysfunction was associated with a shortening of the time of isovolumic relaxation. With the development of stage III HD, there is a significant predominance of patients with a restrictive type of diastole disorder (Table 9). At the same time, there was an increase in the maximum rate of filling and a decrease in the parameters of the contractile ability of the right ventricle. The index of the ratio of the maximum filling rate to the maximum expulsion rate significantly increased. In patients with stage III hypertension, the formation of a restrictive type of diastolic disorders also influenced the temporal indices of diastolic disease. For example, there was a tendency to an increase in the time of the rate of maximum filling and expulsion. The indicator of the ratio of the maximum filling rate to the maximum expulsion rate is an indicator of diastolic dysfunction of the right ventricle, depending on the stage of hypertension. The predominance among patients with stage III hypertension of patients with restrictive type of diastole disorders led to a significant increase in the index of the ratio of the maximum filling rate to the maximum expulsion rate, while in patients with stage II hypertension, its decrease was noted.

For patients with stage II hypertension, it was 1.54 ± 0.5, and for patients with stage III hypertension -2.6 ± 0.4. There were no significant differences in the stage of insufficiency of the maximum rate of expulsion of blood circulation between the groups, however, in order to minimize the effect of developing heart failure on the considered indicators, in the future, the analysis of diastolic disorders will be carried out in each subgroup separately.

IV.


# Conclusion

Thus, with the addition of cardiac insufficiency, patients at various stages of hypertension develop more severe diastolic dysfunction of the right ventricle, in some cases, the character of a restrictive nature. In patients with severe heart failure, a decrease in the contractility of the right ventricle is revealed, which consisted in a reliable, decrease, a tendency to a Year 2020 


# Global

1Heart failureHeart failureHeart failureHeart failureFunctional class IFunctional class IIFunctional class IIIFunctional class IVHypertonicdisease Stage II20242-Hypertonicdisease Stage III21310-
2PatientageLess than 3940-4950-5960-69TotalNumberofpatients1033181071Heart failure Functional class I8102222Heart failure Functional class II2224137Heart failure Functional class III-1-712Heart failure Functional class IV---0
3Mild (n = 25)Moderate (n = 37)High(n = 9)Patientage63,3± 5,365,3± 12,368,4± 13,7Durationofillness13,8+6,514,7 ±3,615,8±7,8Duration of a stable flow9,7±4,59,9±5,610,2±4,6Systolic blood pressure153,5±8,7168,6±9,7195,6±9,4Diastolicbloodpressure98,6+7,8110,8±4,7195,8±4,8Heartfailurefunctionalclass1,9±0,31,8±0,32,0±0,4Rightventricularejectionfraction,%55,4±8,766,7±10,858,5±7,7Stroke volume of the right ventricle, ml62,1±5,357,6±4,753,3±5,6
4Mild (n = 25)Moderate (n = 37)High(n = 9)Maximum filling speed, ml / sec280,8±12,7300,6+15,8299,7±17,6Maximum expulsion rate, ml / sec300,5±13,6301,4±13,7298,6±10,7Time to reach the maximum filling rate, msec334,3+35,8320,7±36,9321,9±34,9Time to reach the speed of maximum expulsion, msec140,4±18,9144,7±11,6140,8+18,8Time to reach the speed ofmaximum filling, correlated to the34,4±14,837,7±11,936,8±15,7duration of the cardiac cycle,%Time to reach the speed ofmaximum filling, correlated to the35,3±15,535,6±12,635,5±14,6duration of diastole,%The ratio of the maximum filling rate to the maximum expulsion rate, units0,84±0,080,96±0,080,95±0,06Contribution of the first third of diastole to filling the right ventricle,%15,3±8,615,6±6,616,6±9,6Fastfillingphasecontribution,%42,5±6,932,7±6,835,6±7,5Contribution of right atrial systole to right ventricular filling,%15,9±5,814,8±6,614,7±4,8End-diastolic volume of the right ventricle, ml125,5±9,7127,9±8,9135,8±8,8
5Hypertension II stage (?=46)Hypertension IIIstage(n=25)ControlMaximum filling speed, ml / sec300,3+14,6340,7± 15,8302,4±15,8Maximum expulsion rate, ml / sec314,7±135300,5+11,2302,5±14,2Time to reach the maximum filling rate, msec330,3±42,6189,9±36,8320,5±15,6Time to reach the speed of maximum expulsion, msec314,7±13,5143,5±13,7147,7±8,6Time to reach the speed ofmaximum filling, correlated to the330,3±42,742,7±11,820,8±16,7duration of the cardiac cycle,%Time to reach the maximum fillingrate in relation to the duration of138,5±14,741,4±12,325,5+15,6diastole,%The ratio of the maximum filling rateto the maximum expulsion rate,24,3±13,81,04+0,040,93+0,03unitsContribution of right atrial systole to right ventricular filling,%24,3±14723,7±8,418,6+10,6Fastfillingphasecontribution,%0,88±0,0840,6±6,440,6±64Contribution of right atrial systole to filling of the right ventricle,%15,3±8,614,7±6,712,7±3,7End-diastolic volume of the right ventricle, ml37,5±8,7135,8±9,9125,6±5,8Stroke volume of the right ventricle, ml13,5±7,846,7±5,752,3±4,7
6IndicatorModerate Relaxation Disorders (n = 15)Pseudo-normaltype (n=31)ControlMaximum expulsion rate, ml / sec300,8+12,5295,9±12,5302,5+14,1Maximum filling speed, ml / sec190,4±13,6300,3±12,3302,4±15,8Time to reach maximum expulsion speed, msec145,7±6,9144,6+4,9147,7±8,9Time to reach the maximum filling rate, msec323,4±12,6317,3±13,7320,5+15,6Time to reach the maximum filling rate in relation to the duration of diastole,%24,5±14,525,7±14,625,5±15,6Maximum filling speed / maximum expulsion speed, units0,73±0,060,94+0,060,93±0,03Contribution of the first third of diastole to the filling of the right ventricle,%16,8±9,88,3±4,418,3±6,2Contribution of fast filling to filling of the right ventricle,%41,5±4,542,6±7,340,6+6,5Contribution of right atrial systoles to filling of the right ventricle,%14,4±5,811,3± 4,912,7±3,8End-diastolic volume of the right ventricle, ml128,7±9,8124,8±8,8125,6±5,8End-diastolicvolume, ml55,6±6,453,6±5,452,3+4,7
7Pseudo-normaltype (n = 4)Restrictivetype (n = 21)ControlMaximum expulsion rate, ml / sec296,8+13,5167,5+13,5302,5+14,1Maximum filling speed, ml / sec302,4±19,3335,3±15,2302,4+15,8Time to reach the speed of maximum filling,correlated to the duration of the cardiac19,6±13,324,6+14,820,8±16,7cycle,%Time to reach the speed of maximum maximum expulsion, msec144,6+7,9154,4±8,4147,7+8,9Time to reach the speed of maximum maximum filling, msec318,4±13,6330,5±14,8320,5±15,5Time to reach the maximum filling rate in relation to the duration of diastole,%25,6±17,730,9+13,825,5±15,6Maximum filling speed / maximum expulsion speed, units0,96±0,081,13±0,050,93±0,03Contribution of the first third of diastole to filling the right ventricle / 3,%8,5±4,619,8±8,718,6+6,3Contribution of the fast filling phase to filling the right ventricle,%41,5±8,441,7+5,440,6±6,7Contribution of right atrial systole to right ventricular filling,%12,5+ 9,816,8±7,812,7±3,8End-diastolic volume of the right ventricle, ml124,8±8,9121,8+7,8125,6±5,8Stroke volume of the right ventricle, ml54,6+5,746,3±6,852,3±4,7
			© 2020 Global Journals
			© 2020 Global Journals Studying Signs of Diastolic Dysfunction of the Right Ventricle in Patients with Hypertonic Disease