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\title{Selection on Breeding and Improvement of Milk Goats}
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             \author[1]{Abdurasulov  A.H.}

             \author[2]{Salykov  R.S.}

             \author[3]{Madumarov  A.K.}

             \author[4]{Muratova  R.T.}

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\date{\small \em Received: 12 December 2019 Accepted: 5 January 2020 Published: 15 January 2020}

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\begin{abstract}
        


The article includes materials on results of selection on breeding of Kyrgyz milk goats at several farms in different regions, characteristics on phenotypical peculiarities and productivity of breeds of different groups, as well as results of laboratory analyses of biochemical composition of goal milk.

\end{abstract}


\keywords{selection, cross breeding, milk goats, productivity, biochemical composition and quality of milk.}

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\let\tabcellsep& 	 	 		 
\section[{Introduction}]{Introduction}\par
wing to biological peculiarities, goats are well adapted to different natural-climatic, soil and fodder conditions. Animals of this species are extensively distributed throughout the whole global world.\par
At present dairy production is developed in many countries of the world. Large-scale farms, occupied with breeding of Saanen milk goats, are created in several regions of the RF.\par
More than 1 million hectares of natural pasture areas are available in Kyrgyzstan, difficult to reach, rocky, shrubby and covered with other low-yield grass, which can be used mainly by goats. Development of goat breeding in Kyrgyzstan is stipulated by a relief of the territory, natural climatic and ecologicalgeographical peculiarities and traditions of population, which since olden times used products of goats. Around the half of the republic territory is occupied with strong highly dissected mountainous ridges with available large massifs of natural alpine and subalpine pastures of different vertical zonality, which since old times contributed to formation here of the trans-humance grazing of the cattle.\par
However, in spite of extensive natural pasture areas, available in the republic and fit for specific natural and climatic conditions of management of aboriginal and stud breed of goats, potential capacities of the cheap products-producing industry are far from being realized at full scale.\par
Maintenance of milk goats does not require large expenses. A basic product -goat milk -is a valuable dietary and medical product, which is in great demand. A source of incomes is sale of young goats for breeding purposes and goats for meat.\par
In the result of milk goats breeding production of high quality products of goat husbandry will be increased and incomes of population, private and other farms, occupied with milk goats breeding, will also be increased. 
\section[{II. Material and Investigation Methods}]{II. Material and Investigation Methods}\par
Kyrgyz milk type of goats was bred by reproductive cross breeding of hybrids of the desirable type, manly of the II and III generation, obtained by cross breeding of local rough-haired goats with Saanen male goats.\par
Milk-yielding capacity of female goats were defined according to the method of Ya. I. Imigeyev et al.  {\ref (1976)}.\par
All digital materials were processed by a method of variation statistics (Plokhinsky N.A., 1969).\par
Created goat herds were tested as a new selection achievement in cattle breeding -"Kyrgyz milk goats", approved by the Order of the Ministry of Agriculture, Water Resources and Processing Industry of the Kyrgyz Republic No. 296 as of November 10, 2005 (Patent No. 29 issued by "Kyrgyzpatent").\par
In subsequent years the work on increase of the livestock and improvement of the milk type of goats was continued by means of pure-breeding at "Jorobay" Breeding Farm of Karasu district, Osh region, and accumulation cross breeding at the goat-breeding farm of "Arstanbek" JSC,. Panfilov district, Chui region. 
\section[{III.}]{III.} 
\section[{Investigation Results}]{Investigation Results}\par
After approbation and approval in 2005 of the Kyrgyz milk type of goats in the Kyrgyz Republic a dairy system of goat breeding together with basic regionsdistricts of Chui and Issyk-Kul regions -was developed also in many other regions of the republic. Because of export of the significant livestock of Kyrgyz milk goats, especially from districts of Chui region, the areal of breeding and the livestock of milk goats was changed in regions of the republic.\par
In connection with a large demand for milk goats and their high cost, a significant part of the livestock, especially from large private farms of Chui region, was sold and transported to districts of Batken, Jalal-Abad, Osh and other regions, as well as exported outside the republic -to Kazakhstan and Tadjikistan.\par
New farms of milk goats were arranged in several regions based on the pure-breeding of imported animals of Kyrgyz milk type or cross breeding of local coarse-haired and hybrid female goats with male goats of the Kyrgyz milk type and Saanen breeds.\par
Animals of the desirable type have a strong constitution, a proportional body build, an exterior without defects, well developed udder. The colour is mainly white and grey. Male and female goats are mainly hornless.\par
Male goats have large values of indices, characterizing the development of chest and skeleton frame. In comparison with male goats, female goats have long legs and a long body. Growth exceeding the quarters or the sacral bone over the shoulder is characteristic both for female and male goats, but there is no significant difference in the overgrowth index between them. Kyrgyz milk goats in comparison with local coarse-haired goats are characterized by a large height of sacral bone and shoulder, they have more extensive chest. The live weight of male goats is 60-70 kg, female goats -44-48 kg, milk yield during 240-270 days of lactation makes up 450-500 kg with the fat content of 4-5\%. The fertility makes up 170-180\% and more.\par
Kyrgyz milk goats are bred at private farms, personal households and other farms in several districts of Chui and Issyk-Kul regions; they are also bread in other regions of the republic and outside.\par
There are 50 goats of Kyrgyz milk type in the herd of "Jorobay" Breeding Farm, including 28 female goats, 1 male stud goat, 2 rearing goat kids and young goats born in 2013 (Table \hyperref[tab_0]{1}). Pure-breeding is carried out within several years in the herd of the farm, high productive stud male goats of Kyrgyz milk type are used in service. In the result the specific weight in the number of animals of the desirable type was increased up to 80\%.\par
Live weight and milk yield data, indicated in the Table \hyperref[tab_0]{1}, correspond to the established requirements for the Kyrgyz milk type of goats. A number of goat kids per 100 grown up female goats is 160\% per 100 female goats, including first lambers -135\%.\par
In the herd of the goat-breeding farm JSC "Arstanbek" accumulation cross breeding of local coarse-haired and hybrid female goats is carried out since 2008 with male goats of the Kyrgyz milk type. Within the elapsed years a number of hybrid goats was increased in the desirable milk type and productive properties of hybrid and desirable type of animals were studied.\par
As of November 1, 2013 there were 70 reproductive goats in the herd, including 45 grown up female goats and first lambers. Data on herd characteristics by gender and age composition and other indicators are given in Table \hyperref[tab_1]{2}. A number of youngsters per 100 female goats makes up 176 \%, the average daily milk yield -2.5 kg per 1 grown-up female goat, and 1.6 -2.0 kg in twotooth lambing. The chemical composition of milk is studied, the analysis of laboratory investigation data of biochemical composition of selected milk samples is indicated in Table \hyperref[tab_2]{3}. It should be pointed out that the major part of indicators of milk biochemical composition of the Kyrgyz milk goats (MG) differs from the local coarse-haired (LCH) and is approaching to indicators of Saanen goats.( D D D D ) G 
\section[{IV.}]{IV.} 
\section[{Discussion}]{Discussion}\par
Based on results of the laboratory analysis of the milk biochemical composition of Kyrgyz milk goats (KMG) it differs from that of local coarse-haired (LCH) and is approaching to indicators of Saanen goats.\par
"Maksat" Association was organized in Aksy district, Jalal-Abad region on the territory of Karajigachaiylokmotu (village council), which unites amateur goat-breeders, occupied with breeding of the Kyrgyz milk type of goats.\par
At present 13 members of the Association maintain from 2 to 5 milk goats, 45 goats in total, including 3 stud male goats, 25 female goats, 17 kids in the age up to 1 year. The productivity of female goats is as follows: live weight 30-45 kg, daily milk yield 2.6-3 l.\par
Almeyev I.A. (1973) points out that a valuable peculiarity of goats is their high ability to fattening. During the maintenance on high mountainous summer grazing (July-September) they not only restore losses in live weight, but also show significant body weight gains.\par
According to data, obtained by ?umar R. et al.  {\ref (1986)}, milk yielding capacity of goats of Bengal Djamnopory, Barbare, Saanen and its half-bred hybrids with Bengal breeds differs at double milking per day: the highest milk yield of Djamnopory goats was already within the first month of lactation (23.3 l/month), the remained goats had the highest milk yield within the second month (15.9 l/month), hybrids and Bengal goats -8-9 l/month, the highest milk yield was in Saanen female goats (392 liters within 272 lactation days), very low milk yield was in Bengal goats (26 -28 liters within 106 -110 days).\par
Chawla D.S., Bhatnagar D.S. (1986) point out that the milk yielding capacity within the first 150 days of lactation in hybrid goats of Alpine and Saanen breeds with a local beetle breed indicate that these two breeds have an advantage in the first and in average in the first four lactations, milk yield in AB goats was increased by 32 and 25\%, accordingly, and in ZB goats -by 45 and 30\%, accordingly. At cross breeding of AB with Saanen goats milk productivity was increased by 63 kg during the first lactation and by 45 kg in average during all other lactations.\par
In comparison with cow milk, goat milk has more calories, it contains the increased quantity of dry substance, fat, protein and mineral salts. According to the opinion of Z.F. Nazarov, the amino acid composition of the goat milk is close to the human milk.\par
According to the data of E.V. Eidrigevich (1939) goats are characterized by strong constitution, high viability and fitness to the all year round pasture management, live weight of female goats is 42.6 kg. Basic products were meat and milk.\par
Iolchiev B.S., Marzanov N.S., Chalykh E.A. (2000) point out that milk yield of Saanen goats, bred in Moscow region, is characterized by the average level or depending on the lactation varied from 765 kg (4 th lactation) up to 435 kg (1 st lactation). The impact of age on protein content in milk was also authentic and made up 79.2 \% (? 0.95).\par
According to reports of Dauletov B.S. and Musazhanov E. (1993), cross breeding of coarse-haired female goats with male goats of the soviet wool-bearing breed contributed to the increase of the productivity level and improvement of the goat wool quality, and cross breeding with male goats of Saanen milk breeds -increase of live weight and thus to the increase of incomes, obtained from coarse-haired goat breeding.\par
Bello A., Babiher S. (1989) report that observations over the growth of 20 pure-bred (desert breed -DB), 20 hybrid goat kids (Saanen male goats ? DB female goats) and recording of slaughter products indicators allowed to define superiority of hybrid animals by weekly increment of live weight (0.8 in comparison with 0.6 kg in DB), by live weight before slaughter and after fasting (26.9 in comparison with 25.7 kg) and by feed consumption (7.7 kg SV/kg of mass increment in comparison with 8.4 kg, accordingly). At practically equal weight at slaughter (28.2 and 28.6 kg) hybrid goat kids were distinguished by higher mass of cold semicarcass (7.56 in comparison with 7.07 kg in DB) and less fat mass in the carcass (1.31 kg of carcass in comparison with 1.71 kg) and better ratio of meat-bones (3.0 in comparison with 2.28).\par
Jaitap D.Z. (1989) reports that hybrid animals at birth were heavier than original animals. Less variability by live weight at birth was observed in animals 3/4?. The breed of stud male goats made influence on the live weight of goat kids. Thus, goat kids from stud male goats, imported from the USA, were heavier than purebred goat kids.\par
Gursoy D., Ozean L., Pekel E. (1988) point out that wool clip in Kil breed is equal to 0.5 kg per year, live mass of female goats: 33-38 kg, of male goats: 55-60 kg. Milk yield of Kil goats in average makes up 225-308 kg, reproductivity is 1.5 goat kids per year. At cross breeding of Saanen x Kil goats, milk yield of the first generation was increased up to 310.1 kg, of the second generation -up to 417.1 kg, third generation -up to 710.2 kg.\par
Masazhanov E. (1993) reports that at cross breeding of local coarse-haired female goats with Saanen milk male goats and soviet wool-bearing breed, soviet-wool-bearing hybrids by fattening properties were inferior to local kids, and Saanen hybrids had relatively high indicators of body weight gains. Slaughter yield, carcass mass in Saanen hybrids were higher, than in local coarse-haired and hybrid peers.\par
It should be pointed out that a number of inhabitants, wishing to raise milk goats, is increasing in many mountainous regions, because it is difficult to manage milk-cows due to shortage of fodder, especially within a winter period.\par
In this connection breeding farms on breeding of milk goats (JSC "Arstanbek", "Jorobay") must be occupied with raising and sale of young breeders, moreover, it brings significant incomes.\par
V. 
\section[{Conclusion}]{Conclusion}\par
Kyrgyz milk goats by their size are attributed among other milk breeds to middle and large ones. Live weight of stud male goats is 60-80 kg, of female goats -46-50 kg, which in comparison with Kyrgyz wool breed female goats by 10-12 kg and in comparison with local coarse-haired breed by 6-8 kg is higher.\par
Indicators of reproductive capacities of Kyrgyz milk goats is by 40-50\% higher than in wool and local coarse-haired goats. Semen answers requirements of artificial insemination. Kid crop per 100 female goats makes up in average 160-170\%. Slaughter yield in milk goats is higher. Content of fat in meat of milk goats is by 5.86\% lower and content of protein, on the contrary, is by 5.19\% higher than in local coarse-haired goat kids.\par
Milk yield in milk goats makes up in average 450-500 liters, in separate top producers -up to 1000 liters. In comparison with Kyrgyz wool and local coarsehaired goats these indicators are 4-5 times more. A lactation period in milk goats is 8-10 months, in Kyrgyz wool breed and local coarse-haired breed is two times less.\par
According to the chemical composition of milk in goats of different breeds there are differences. More dry substance is contained in milk of milk goats and makes up 18.02 \%, in Kyrgyz wool breeds-15.2\%, in local coarse-haired goats -16.1\%, in Saanen goats -12.39\%. Fat content in milk of milk goats is also higher than in goats of other breeds.\par
Goats of Kyrgyz milk type are extensively distributed and are bred in many regions of the republic and outside. Breeding of Kyrgyz milk type of goats is economically effective. Earnings from sale of received products of milk goats make up 8,355 soms. A difference with other breeds makes up 4,760 soms and 4,505 soms, respectively, or earnings obtained from milk goats is almost 2 times higher, than in Kyrgyz wool and local coarse-haired goats.\par
The project is funded by the Islamic Development Bank and the Republic of Indonesia conducted research work in the field of cattle and goat breeding. More than 80 professionals are trained on the reproduction of cattle in the center of Singosari Malang. To improve the productivity of the Kyrgyz dairy goats imported from Indonesia 300 doses of frozen semen from Saanen goats and to increase meat productivity of local coarse wool of goats 500 doses of goat meat breed. At this time, formed herds goats for artificial insemination.\begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{1} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.41743772241992877\textwidth}P{0.0393238434163701\textwidth}P{0.15427046263345195\textwidth}P{0.11494661921708185\textwidth}P{0.12402135231316726\textwidth}}
Age and gender groups of female goats\tabcellsep Number\tabcellsep Including desirable type, \%\tabcellsep Live weight, kg\tabcellsep Milk yield per 1 goat, l\\
Male stud goat\tabcellsep 1\tabcellsep 100,0\tabcellsep 77,0\tabcellsep -\\
Rearing small goats\tabcellsep 2\tabcellsep 100,0\tabcellsep 35,0\tabcellsep -\\
Grown up female goats\tabcellsep 12\tabcellsep 100,0\tabcellsep 45-55\tabcellsep 2,0-2,5\\
Female goats born in 2012\tabcellsep 8\tabcellsep 87,5\tabcellsep 35-40\tabcellsep 1,2-1,4\\
Goat kids born in 2013\tabcellsep 27\tabcellsep 70,0\tabcellsep 25-30\tabcellsep -\end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_0}Table 1 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{2} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.20445945945945945\textwidth}P{0.11716216216216216\textwidth}P{0.04364864864864865\textwidth}P{0.20445945945945945\textwidth}P{0.050540540540540545\textwidth}P{0.11486486486486487\textwidth}P{0.11486486486486487\textwidth}}
Groups of goats\tabcellsep Age\tabcellsep Total, nos.\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{Goats, available in herd Specific weight, \% White colour Hornless}\tabcellsep Chest girt, cm\tabcellsep Live weight, kg\\
Stud goat\tabcellsep 3 years\tabcellsep 1\tabcellsep 100,0\tabcellsep 100,0\tabcellsep 92,0\tabcellsep 63,0\\
Rearing male goat\tabcellsep Up to 1 year\tabcellsep 1\tabcellsep 100,0\tabcellsep 100,0\tabcellsep 67,0\tabcellsep 30,0\\
Female goats\tabcellsep Grown up\tabcellsep 30\tabcellsep 90,0\tabcellsep 50,0\tabcellsep 79,0-100,0\tabcellsep 42,0-80,0\\
Female goats (first lambers)\tabcellsep 1.5 years\tabcellsep 15\tabcellsep 60,0\tabcellsep 40,0\tabcellsep 72,0-86,0\tabcellsep 34,5-52,5\\
Doe kids\tabcellsep Up to 1 year\tabcellsep 23\tabcellsep 100,0\tabcellsep 48,0\tabcellsep 48,0-62,0\tabcellsep 12,0-23,0\end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_1}Table 2 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{3} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.4731831395348837\textwidth}P{0.051889534883720924\textwidth}P{0.06918604651162791\textwidth}P{0.1433139534883721\textwidth}P{0.06300872093023256\textwidth}P{0.04941860465116279\textwidth}}
Indicators\tabcellsep Meas. unit\tabcellsep In average\tabcellsep Fluctuations\tabcellsep Local coarse-haired\tabcellsep Saanen\\
Content:\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
moisture\tabcellsep \%\tabcellsep 87,24\tabcellsep 87,08-87,85\tabcellsep 83,9\tabcellsep 87,61\\
dry substance\tabcellsep \%\tabcellsep 12,76\tabcellsep 10,84-15,77\tabcellsep 16,1\tabcellsep 12,39\\
incl. -fat\tabcellsep \%\tabcellsep 4,08\tabcellsep 3,00-4,60\tabcellsep 3,6\tabcellsep 4,30\\
protein\tabcellsep \%\tabcellsep 3,55\tabcellsep 3,30-3,80\tabcellsep 4,46\tabcellsep 2,70\\
ash\tabcellsep \%\tabcellsep 0,83\tabcellsep 0,77-0,89\tabcellsep 0,79\tabcellsep 0,70\\
lactose\tabcellsep \%\tabcellsep 4,30\tabcellsep 3,43-6,88\tabcellsep 5,31\tabcellsep 4,62\\
nonfat milk solids\tabcellsep \%\tabcellsep 8,68\tabcellsep 7,84-11,37\tabcellsep 10,56\tabcellsep 8,15\\
calcium\tabcellsep g/kg\tabcellsep 0,65\tabcellsep 0,57-0,71\tabcellsep -\tabcellsep -\\
phosphorus\tabcellsep g/kg\tabcellsep 0,69\tabcellsep 0,60-0,72\tabcellsep -\tabcellsep -\\
Density\tabcellsep units\tabcellsep 27,8\tabcellsep 25,0-30,0\tabcellsep -\tabcellsep -\\
Acidity\tabcellsep units\tabcellsep 22,0\tabcellsep 20,0-24,0\tabcellsep -\tabcellsep -\\
\multicolumn{3}{l}{It is evident from the data of Table 3, that in}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
\multicolumn{3}{l}{average the content makes up: moisture -87,24, dry}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
\multicolumn{3}{l}{substance -12.76 \%, including fat -4.08 \%, protein -}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
\multicolumn{3}{l}{3.55 \%, lactose -4.3 \%, ash -0.83. Separate breeds}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
\multicolumn{3}{l}{have certain differences by value of the major part of}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
indicators.\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_2}Table 3 :}\end{figure}
 			\footnote{© 2020 Global JournalsSelection on Breeding and Improvement of Milk Goats} 		 		\backmatter  			  				\begin{bibitemlist}{1}
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\end{document}
