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\def\makelabel##1{\upshape ##1}}% } {\end{list}\end{raggedright}} \newenvironment{specHead}[2]% {\vspace{20pt}\hrule\vspace{10pt}% \phantomsection\label{#1}\markright{#2}% \pdfbookmark[2]{#2}{#1}% \hspace{-0.75in}{\bfseries\fontsize{16pt}{18pt}\selectfont#2}% }{} \def\TheFullDate{2021 2021-07-15 (revised: 16 Year 2021 15 July 2021)} \def\TheID{\makeatother } \def\TheDate{2021 2021-07-15} \title{Maternal and Perinatal Outcome in Patients with HELLP Syndrome} \author{}\makeatletter \makeatletter \newcommand*{\cleartoleftpage}{% \clearpage \if@twoside \ifodd\c@page \hbox{}\newpage \if@twocolumn \hbox{}\newpage \fi \fi \fi } \makeatother \makeatletter \thispagestyle{empty} \markright{\@title}\markboth{\@title}{\@author} \renewcommand\small{\@setfontsize\small{9pt}{11pt}\abovedisplayskip 8.5\p@ plus3\p@ minus4\p@ \belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip \abovedisplayshortskip \z@ plus2\p@ \belowdisplayshortskip 4\p@ plus2\p@ minus2\p@ \def\@listi{\leftmargin\leftmargini \topsep 2\p@ plus1\p@ minus1\p@ \parsep 2\p@ plus\p@ minus\p@ \itemsep 1pt} } \makeatother \fvset{frame=single,numberblanklines=false,xleftmargin=5mm,xrightmargin=5mm} \fancyhf{} \setlength{\headheight}{14pt} \fancyhead[LE]{\bfseries\leftmark} \fancyhead[RO]{\bfseries\rightmark} \fancyfoot[RO]{} \fancyfoot[CO]{\thepage} \fancyfoot[LO]{\TheID} \fancyfoot[LE]{} \fancyfoot[CE]{\thepage} \fancyfoot[RE]{\TheID} \hypersetup{citebordercolor=0.75 0.75 0.75,linkbordercolor=0.75 0.75 0.75,urlbordercolor=0.75 0.75 0.75,bookmarksnumbered=true} \fancypagestyle{plain}{\fancyhead{}\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt}} \date{} \usepackage{authblk} \providecommand{\keywords}[1] { \footnotesize \textbf{\textit{Index terms---}} #1 } \usepackage{graphicx,xcolor} \definecolor{GJBlue}{HTML}{273B81} \definecolor{GJLightBlue}{HTML}{0A9DD9} \definecolor{GJMediumGrey}{HTML}{6D6E70} \definecolor{GJLightGrey}{HTML}{929497} \renewenvironment{abstract}{% \setlength{\parindent}{0pt}\raggedright \textcolor{GJMediumGrey}{\rule{\textwidth}{2pt}} \vskip16pt \textcolor{GJBlue}{\large\bfseries\abstractname\space} }{% \vskip8pt \textcolor{GJMediumGrey}{\rule{\textwidth}{2pt}} \vskip16pt } \usepackage[absolute,overlay]{textpos} \makeatother \usepackage{lineno} \linenumbers \begin{document} \author[1]{Rohit Chandrakant Kamble} \author[2]{Nilima. S. Gupte} \renewcommand\Authands{ and } \date{\small \em Received: 14 June 2021 Accepted: 4 July 2021 Published: 15 July 2021} \maketitle \begin{abstract} HELLP syndrome (haemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets) is a component of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy which is associated with significant maternal as well as perinatal morbidity and mortality. Maternal mortality is due to consequences such as pulmonary oedema, renal failure, disseminated intravascular coagulation and subcapsular liver hematoma. Perinatal mortality appears to be primarily related to the gestational age at the time of delivery. This study evaluates the maternal and perinatal outcome in HELLP syndrome so that the management is improved resulting in reduced mortality and morbidity.Objectives: A. To study maternal outcome in patients diagnosed with HELLP syndrome. B. To study perinatal outcome in patients with HELLP syndrome. \end{abstract} \keywords{HELLP syndrome, maternal and perinatal outcome.} \begin{textblock*}{18cm}(1cm,1cm) % {block width} (coords) \textcolor{GJBlue}{\LARGE Global Journals \LaTeX\ JournalKaleidoscope\texttrademark} \end{textblock*} \begin{textblock*}{18cm}(1.4cm,1.5cm) % {block width} (coords) \textcolor{GJBlue}{\footnotesize \\ Artificial Intelligence formulated this projection for compatibility purposes from the original article published at Global Journals. However, this technology is currently in beta. \emph{Therefore, kindly ignore odd layouts, missed formulae, text, tables, or figures.}} \end{textblock*} \let\tabcellsep& \section[{Introduction}]{Introduction}\par very woman wishes to have a healthy pregnancy which culminates in a healthy baby and a healthy mother. Unfortunately, some women develop dreaded complications that may result in adverse obstetric outcomes. These include Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, Pre-eclampsia, Eclampsia and HELLP syndrome \hyperref[b0]{1} . Pre-eclampsia occurs in 5-10\% of pregnancies \hyperref[b1]{2} . The HELLP syndrome (haemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets) is a variant of severe pre-eclampsia that is associated with significant maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality \hyperref[b2]{3} . HELLP syndrome develops in 6-12\% of women with preeclampsia or eclampsia accounting for 0.4-0.7\% of all pregnancies \hyperref[b3]{4} . Maternal mortality is due to consequences such as pulmonary oedema, renal failure, disseminated intravascular coagulation and subcapsular liver hematoma \hyperref[b4]{5} . Perinatal mortality appears to be primarily related to the Maternal and Perinatal Outcome in Patients with HELLP Syndrome gestational age at the time of delivery \hyperref[b5]{6} . HELLP syndrome is regarded as high risk for the mother and neonate compared to pre-eclampsia. Early diagnosis and identification of complication of HELLP syndrome and timely intervention form the main strategy of management. \hyperref[b6]{7} II. \section[{Aims and Objectives of the}]{Aims and Objectives of the} \section[{Methodology}]{Methodology}\par This was prospective observational study done over a period of 24 months i.e., Nov. 2015 to Oct. 2017. Total 56 cases of HELLP syndrome were studied. This study was conducted in department of obstetrics and gynaecology of medical college and tertiary health care centre \section[{a) Inclusion Criteria}]{a) Inclusion Criteria}\par ? All antenatal patients with pre-eclampsia and eclampsia complicated with HELLP syndrome. \section[{b) Exclusion Criteria}]{b) Exclusion Criteria}\par ? All patients with chronic hypertension IV. \section[{Results}]{Results}\par The following data was obtained from the present series of 56 cases studied at tertiary care hospital, in department of obstetrics and gynaecology from 30th November, 2015 to 31st October, 2017. \hyperref[tab_4]{2}). \section[{Table 3: No. of cases according to parity}]{Table 3: No. of cases according to parity}\par In present study 58.93\% were primigravidae, while 41.07\% of patients were multiparous (Table {\ref 3}). In our study 24 (42.85\%) cases of HELLP syndrome were seen of more than 37 weeks of gestation. (Table \hyperref[tab_5]{4}). In present study majority of the patients presented with severe preeclampsia and there were 20 cases (35.71\%) with mild pre-eclampsia.\par Maximum patients i.e., 58.92\% of HELLP syndrome had platelet count less than 1lakh/ml. Serum lactate dehydrogenase was raised in all patients with HELLP syndrome. All patients with HELLP syndrome had raised serum AST was 70IU/L.55.36\% (31 cases) had bilirubin levels > 1.2 mg/dl while 44.64\% (25 cases) had bilirubin levels < 1.2 mg/dl.25\% (14 cases) had abnormal renal function parameters.67.86\% (38 cases) had serumuric acid levels > 6 mg/dl 33 cases (58.93\%) required transfusion of blood or components while 23 cases (41.07\%) did not require any blood and blood products. \section[{Discussion}]{Discussion}\par HELLP syndrome is life threatening complication considered to be variant of preeclampsia and eclampsia. Early identification of risk factors in pregnancy and timely intervention gives better maternal and perinatal outcome.\par In our study mean maternal age was 23.09 ± 4.45 (18-35 years) which was comparable to James N Martin et al., {\ref 8 (1991)} 22.9 ± 5.5 (14-42 years).\par Majority of the patients in the present study were primigravidas (33 cases) 58.93\% comparable to Sibai BM Taslim et al., {\ref 2 (1986)} In this present study transfusion of bold and blood products wasrequired in 58.93\% which was comparable with Imir GA 10 62.5\% and higher than Vigil Pde Gracia 7 29\%.\par In the present study, DIC 19.64\% was lesser than Ahmed et al., \hyperref[b12]{13} In this present study, maternal mortality was 14.28\% and was higher than Imir GA \hyperref[b9]{10} 7.8\% and Ahmed et al., \hyperref[b12]{13} \section[{Conclusion}]{Conclusion}\par In our study done over a period of 2 years, there were 56 cases of HELLP syndrome. Once the diagnosis of HELLP syndrome has been made, it warrants aggressive intervention with control of blood pressure, antiseizureprophyl axis, corticosteroid treatment for fetal lung maturity and expeditious delivery. HELLP syndrome, among pre-eclampsia and eclampsia cases is associated with significant maternal morbidity and mortality and perinatal mortality and morbidity. The present study shows maternal mortality of 14.28\% but still perinatal mortality constitutes 46.43\%. In order to reduce the maternal and perinatal mortality, It is highly desirable that obstetric care providers at all levels become knowledge able about the early diagnosis and management of HELLP syndrome.\par We have to intensify our efforts to reduce preeclampsia with HELLP syndrome from the grass root level with regular antenatal care, early detection of preeclampsia and its prompt management and early detection of complications with timely intervention. This will go a long way in preventing this catastrophic disease.\par Vigilant fetal monitoring (including electronic fetal monitoring), prompt timely intervention at the periphery and improvement of neonatal care facilities with good prenatal care at the foremost are needed to reduce the perinatal mortality in the present study.\begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{1} \par \begin{longtable}{P{0.85\textwidth}} classification of HELLP as per Mississippi's\\ classification Class\\ Majority of the cases belonged to class II and\\ class III HELLP, 23 each (41.07\%) followed by class I\\ HELLP, 10 (17.86\%).\end{longtable} \par \caption{\label{tab_3}Table 1 :}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{2} \par \begin{longtable}{P{0.85\textwidth}} 48.21\% of cases were in the age group 20-24\\ years (Table\end{longtable} \par \caption{\label{tab_4}Table 2 :}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{4} \par \begin{longtable}{P{0.85\textwidth}} Year 2021\\ 12\end{longtable} \par \caption{\label{tab_5}Table 4 :}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{5} \par \begin{longtable}{P{0.3524390243902439\textwidth}P{0.020731707317073172\textwidth}P{0.24878048780487802\textwidth}P{0.041463414634146344\textwidth}P{0.041463414634146344\textwidth}P{0.1451219512195122\textwidth}} \multicolumn{2}{l}{Clinical signs Class 1}\tabcellsep \multicolumn{3}{l}{Class 2 Class 3 Total}\tabcellsep \%\\ Mild\tabcellsep 2\tabcellsep 8\tabcellsep 10\tabcellsep 20\tabcellsep 35.71\%\\ BP\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\ Severe\tabcellsep 8\tabcellsep 15\tabcellsep 13\tabcellsep 36\tabcellsep 64.29\end{longtable} \par \caption{\label{tab_6}Table 5 :}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{6} \par \begin{longtable}{} \end{longtable} \par \caption{\label{tab_7}Table 6 :}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{7} \par \begin{longtable}{} \end{longtable} \par \caption{\label{tab_8}Table 7 :}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{8} \par \begin{longtable}{} \end{longtable} \par \caption{\label{tab_9}Table 8 :}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{9a} \par \begin{longtable}{} \end{longtable} \par \caption{\label{tab_10}Table 9a :}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{9b} \par \begin{longtable}{P{0.1266826923076923\textwidth}P{0.056394230769230766\textwidth}P{0.04740384615384616\textwidth}P{0.022884615384615385\textwidth}P{0.026153846153846156\textwidth}P{0.02125\textwidth}P{0.14548076923076922\textwidth}P{0.13322115384615385\textwidth}P{0.019615384615384614\textwidth}P{0.019615384615384614\textwidth}P{0.038413461538461535\textwidth}P{0.012259615384615384\textwidth}P{0.0425\textwidth}P{0.08091346153846153\textwidth}P{0.05721153846153846\textwidth}} \tabcellsep \multicolumn{9}{l}{Maternal and Perinatal Outcome in Patients with HELLP Syndrome}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\ \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{6}{l}{Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Total}\tabcellsep \%\\ \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep Anemia\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 4\tabcellsep 5\tabcellsep 3\tabcellsep 12\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 21.43\\ \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep Pum edema\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 1\tabcellsep 1\tabcellsep 0\tabcellsep 2\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 3.57\\ \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{Resp infection}\tabcellsep 1\tabcellsep 1\tabcellsep 0\tabcellsep 2\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 3.57\\ \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep Oliguria\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 1\tabcellsep 1\tabcellsep 0\tabcellsep 2\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 3.57\\ \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep Hematuria\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 1\tabcellsep 1\tabcellsep 1\tabcellsep 3\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 5.36\\ \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep Renal failure\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 4\tabcellsep 3\tabcellsep 0\tabcellsep 7\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 12.50\\ \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep Abruption\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 4\tabcellsep 3\tabcellsep 1\tabcellsep 8\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 14.29\\ \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep DIC\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 8\tabcellsep 3\tabcellsep 0\tabcellsep 11\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 19.64\\ platelet\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{4}{l}{Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 10 23 23}\tabcellsep Ascites sepsis Death\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 0 1 2\tabcellsep 1 1 4\tabcellsep 1 0 2\tabcellsep 2 2 8\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 3.57 3.57 14.28\tabcellsep 13 Year 2021\\ \multicolumn{2}{l}{LDH >600 IU/L AST/>70 IU/L UA>6mg Bilirubin >1.2 Srcreat>1.2mg/dl Blood and blood products Transfusion Class 1}\tabcellsep 25 30 8 8 5 Class 2\tabcellsep 20 16 15 14 4 Class 3\tabcellsep 11 10 15 9 5 Grand Total\tabcellsep \%\tabcellsep Pre Term APGAR <6 IUGR MAS Sept NICU admission\tabcellsep \multicolumn{5}{l}{Class 1 11 16 9 3 0 11 Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Total Class 2 Class 3 Grand Total 10 5 26 12 7 35 7 1 17 2 2 7 1 0 1 10 4 25}\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{\% 46.43\% 62.50\% 30.36\% 12.50\% 1.79\% 44.64\% \%}\tabcellsep Volume XXI Issue I Version I ( D D D D ) E\\ Not Transfused Transfused Grand Total\tabcellsep 0 10 10\tabcellsep 8 15 23\tabcellsep 15 8 23\tabcellsep 23 33 56\tabcellsep 41.07\% 58.93\% 100.00\%\tabcellsep Live birth Still birth IUFD END Take home\tabcellsep 6 3 1 1 5\tabcellsep 17 5 1 3 14\tabcellsep 13 6 4 2 11\tabcellsep 36 14 6 6 30\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep 64.29 25.00 10.71 10.71 53.57\tabcellsep Medical Research\\ \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep V.\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep Global Journal of\\ \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{4}{l}{© 2021 Global Journals}\end{longtable} \par \caption{\label{tab_11}Table 9b :}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{} \par \begin{longtable}{} \end{longtable} \par \caption{\label{tab_12}}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{10} \par \begin{longtable}{P{0.85\textwidth}} Year 2021\\ 14\end{longtable} \par \caption{\label{tab_13}Table 10 :}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{11} \par \begin{longtable}{P{0.4552434456928839\textwidth}P{0.08117977528089887\textwidth}P{0.07958801498127341\textwidth}P{0.054119850187265915\textwidth}P{0.07640449438202247\textwidth}P{0.10346441947565543\textwidth}} Complications\tabcellsep Kim YH 6\tabcellsep Sibai BM et al 2\tabcellsep Svendson HK 14\tabcellsep Imir GA 10\tabcellsep Present study\\ NICU admission\tabcellsep 85.7\%\tabcellsep 28.3\%\tabcellsep -\tabcellsep -\tabcellsep 44.64\%\\ Preterm\tabcellsep -\tabcellsep -\tabcellsep 70\%\tabcellsep -\tabcellsep 46.43\%\\ IUGR\tabcellsep 47.6\%\tabcellsep 31.6\%\tabcellsep 38.6\%\tabcellsep 54.7\%\tabcellsep 30.36\%\\ Still birth\tabcellsep -\tabcellsep 19.5\%\tabcellsep -\tabcellsep -\tabcellsep 25\%\\ IUD\tabcellsep 4.8\%\tabcellsep -\tabcellsep -\tabcellsep 18.8\%\tabcellsep 10.71\%\\ APGAR <6\tabcellsep 66.7\%\tabcellsep 28.5\%\tabcellsep -\tabcellsep 37.5\%\tabcellsep 62.5\%\\ RDS\tabcellsep 38.1\%\tabcellsep -\tabcellsep 40\%\tabcellsep 23.4\%\tabcellsep -\\ Sepsis\tabcellsep 85.7\%\tabcellsep -\tabcellsep -\tabcellsep 7.8\%\tabcellsep 1.79\%\\ Neonatal death\tabcellsep 19.5\%\tabcellsep 17.4\%\tabcellsep -\tabcellsep 20.3\%\tabcellsep 10.71\%\\ \multicolumn{3}{l}{Shafika Banoo 15 40\% and Hadded et al., 12 63\%. Majority}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\ \multicolumn{3}{l}{of the indication for cesarean section were fetal distress,}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\ \multicolumn{3}{l}{CPD, previous cesarean section and worsening}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\ \multicolumn{2}{l}{maternal parameters with failed induction.}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \end{longtable} \par \caption{\label{tab_14}Table 11 :}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{} \par \begin{longtable}{P{0.85\textwidth}} Cesarean delivery in present study was 16.07\%\\ which was lesser than Vigil P de Gracia 7 71\% and\\ 15\end{longtable} \par \caption{\label{tab_15}}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{} \par \begin{longtable}{P{0.85\textwidth}} VI.\end{longtable} \par \caption{\label{tab_16}}\end{figure} \backmatter \begin{bibitemlist}{1} \bibitem[]{b18}\label{b18} \textit{}, \xref{http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1995.tb09062.xPMid}{10.1111/j.1471-0528.1995.tb09062.xPMid}. \url{https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1995.tb09062.xPMid} p. 7756201. \bibitem[Weinstein and Hellp ()]{b0}\label{b0} \textit{}, L Weinstein , Hellp . \textit{Am J Obstet Gynecol} 1982. 9 p. . \bibitem[Magann et al. 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