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\title{Analysis of HIV Awareness in Tashkent City}
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             \author[1]{Sevara  Mirkhamidova}

             \affil[1]{  Tashkent Medical Academy}

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\date{\small \em Received: 12 February 2021 Accepted: 1 March 2021 Published: 15 March 2021}

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\begin{abstract}
        


The problem of public awareness about the ways of transmission of HIV (including from mother to child), as well as ways to prevent infection is extremely relevant. Despite the efforts of scientists around the world, a vaccine against HIV has not yet been invented, and prevention remains the only means of containing the epidemic. Information on ways to spread and how to protect against HIV infection is available to the public. Nevertheless, the epidemic is growing. Currently, medicine does not have the means to cure an HIV-infected person. This article analyzes the awareness of the population of Tashkent city on HIV infection, which showed a low level of awareness. In this regard, HIV awareness-raising activities are of particular importance in order to raise awareness and develop a tolerant attitude towards people living with HIV.Objective: To assess the level of public awareness about HIV infection. Material and Methods:The survey was conducted among the population of Tashkent city by online survey. We created a site (https://www.survio.com/survey/d/E2X5D2G7Q8H3L1K9C) where we put our questionnaire and invited people to take the survey using social networks like Telegram, Facebook and LinkedIn. A total of 100 people were interviewed during the month, of whom 29 were men and 71 were women.

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\keywords{HIV, awareness, tolerance, survey, general population.}

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\let\tabcellsep& 	 	 		 \par
the first 12 years, only 76 cases of human immunodeficiency virus infection were registered. The increase in new HIV registrations began in 2000, when the number doubled. The highest number of newly diagnosed HIV cases, according to the latest available data, was in 2013. According to unconfirmed data from official sources, the trend of decline in new HIV cases is observed in 2015 and 2016. According to the electronic media in 2016, the Republican AIDS Center recorded a decrease in the level of new cases of infection among citizens of the country \hyperref[b0]{[1]}.\par
One of the reasons for the spread of HIV infection in our country, there are low levels of awareness about HIV/AIDS, ways of HIV transmission and prevention. In order to raise public awareness about HIV infection, we have developed a questionnaire to assess the level of knowledge on HIV infection. The questionnaire is anonymous, consists of sixteen questions. The first block contains information about the Respondent: gender, age. The second block contains questions about the ways of transmission, measures of protection against infection. The third block is the question of tolerance. The survey was conducted among the population of Tashkent city by online survey. We created a website (https://www.survio.com/survey/ d/E2X5D2G7Q8H3L1K9C) where we put our questionnaire and invited people to take the survey using social networks like Telegram, Facebook and LinkedIn. A total of 100 people were interviewed, of whom 29 were men and 71 were women (Fig.  {\ref 1}).\par
Abstract-The problem of public awareness about the ways of transmission of HIV (including from mother to child), as well as ways to prevent infection is extremely relevant. Despite the efforts of scientists around the world, a vaccine against HIV has not yet been invented, and prevention remains the only means of containing the epidemic. Information on ways to spread and how to protect against HIV infection is available to the public. Nevertheless, the epidemic is growing. Currently, medicine does not have the means to cure an HIV-infected person. This article analyzes the awareness of the population of Tashkent city on HIV infection, which showed a low level of awareness. In this regard, HIV awareness-raising activities are of particular importance in order to raise awareness and develop a tolerant attitude towards people living with HIV.\par
Objective: To assess the level of public awareness about HIV infection.\par
Material and Methods: The survey was conducted among the population of Tashkent city by online survey. We created a site (https://www.survio.com/survey/d/E2X5D2G7Q8H3L1K9C) where we put our questionnaire and invited people to take the survey using social networks like Telegram, Facebook and LinkedIn. A total of 100 people were interviewed during the month, of whom 29 were men and 71 were women.\par
Results: The main method of dealing with new cases is primarily the education of population, but it is necessary to assess the level of awareness of different groups on this issue.\par
Conclusions: The majority of respondents have a correct idea about the contagion and ways of transmission of infection, while there is a sufficient number of people who are confident in the possibility of infection by vector, contact-household and alimentary routes. High rates were obtained in the analysis of public awareness of measures to prevent infection. The population recognizes the urgency of the problem of HIV infection and is interested in information about it. However, there are still misconceptions about HIV related to myths and discrimination. It is necessary to continue to actively inform the population on the prevention and control of HIV / AIDS, using all available resources. he problem of the spread of HIV infection remains the most urgent problem for the whole world and for our health care in recent years. regions on the epidemiological situation of HIV infection. The first cases of registration of HIV infection among the population in Uzbekistan were noted in 1987 and until the beginning of the new century, experts observed only isolated cases of infection among citizens of the country. So for T Fig.  {\ref 1}: Distribution of respondents by gender.\par
Most of the respondents belong to the group of 18-30 years old (32 people). (fig. \hyperref[fig_0]{2}).  The main part of our respondents are in a registered marriage-50\% of the total. The distribution of answers to the question is shown in Fig. \hyperref[fig_2]{4}.  The majority of those surveyed (85\%) believe that HIV infection is an urgent problem for our city. (fig. \hyperref[fig_4]{6}). Doctors have proven that only four human body fluids contain sufficient concentrations of HIV to infect another person. These are: blood, semen, vaginal discharge and breast milk. If one of the listed fluids of an HIV-positive person enters the body of a healthy one, the probability of Contracting HIV will be very high. Our respondents had the opportunity to choose several options for the answer and many of them (95\%) chose the correct answer blood, 54\%-sperm, 46\% -vaginal secretions and 34\% chose breast milk.\par
The rest of the body fluids, such as urine, sweat, saliva -contain very little or no virus, so they are safe. But our respondents believe that it is possible to get infected with saliva(14\%), urine (1\%) and could not answer this question at all 3\%.(fig. \hyperref[fig_5]{7}) The main routes of transmission of HIV infection are unprotected sexual contact with an HIV-infected person, sharing with HIV-infected injection equipment (syringes, needles) as well as the vertical route of transmission of HIV from an HIV-infected mother to a child (during pregnancy, childbirth or after childbirth, through breast milk).\par
Other transmission paths are much rarer. Among them, HIV infection from blood transfusions or blood products in countries where all donor blood samples are not tested for HIV. Extremely rare cases of infection when infected blood enters an open wound or mucous membrane. HIV is not transmitted through daily household contact, such as sharing a bathroom and toilet or drinking from the same Cup. There have been no reported cases of a health care worker becoming infected after the saliva, urine or blood of an HIVinfected patient has been exposed to intact skin. Our respondents were able to select multiple response options and many of them(80\%) believe that unprotected sex with a person HIV status is unknown may be at risk of infection and mother-to-child (during pregnancy, childbirth, 48\%, through breast milk-25\%), use of unsterile equipment for body piercing and tattoos(72\%), the use of common razor or manicure sets(43\%) and 6\% underwent questionnaire survey believed that HIV can be transmitted by insect bites. (Fig. \hyperref[fig_7]{8}) 80 
\section[{How can HIV infection be detected in humans?}]{How can HIV infection be detected in humans?}\par
HIV can be detected in the human body by examining human blood. Usually a blood sample is taken from a vein and sent for analysis to a special laboratory, where studies are carried out by appropriate methods. Since the primary positive result in some isolated cases may be false-positive (for example, if a person has had an acute infectious disease or simply because no test gives an answer with 100\% accuracy), then each primary positive result is rechecked by a more accurate method in the laboratory. The testing procedure is quite simple for a person. For example, in an AIDS consultation room, a blood sample and consultation take approximately 20 minutes. Usually the test result can be found out within 3 working days. The test is conducted anonymously. It is impossible to determine HIV infection by external signs, neither in men nor in women. HIV is determined only by a special blood test. 95\% of our respondents know that HIV can be detected by blood donation for the presence of antibodies. 3\% of respondents mistakenly believe that there are specific external signs that can distinguish a person with HIV infection (Fig.  {\ref 9}) There are two ways in which HIV treatment reduces the risk of passing HIV on to your baby.Fig\par
Firstly, HIV treatment reduces your viral load so that your baby is exposed to less of the virus while in the womb and during birth.\par
Secondly, some anti-HIV drugs can also cross the placenta and enter your baby's body where they can prevent the virus from taking hold. This is also why newborn babies whose mothers are HIV positive are given a short course of anti-HIV drugs (this is called infant post-exposure prophylaxis, or infant PEP) after they have been born.\par
A number of factors can increase the risk of passing on HIV to your baby. These include: 
\section[{During pregnancy}]{During pregnancy}\par
? Having an HIV-related illness, such as an opportunistic infection like pneumocystis pneumonia.\par
? Having a high HIV viral load.   In a society where no discrimination on the basis of actual or imputed HIV status, more open dialogue about HIV, the citizens are not afraid to be screened for HIV, have a wide access to information on methods of protection from HIV infection, treatment, care and support for HIV.\par
The questionnaire included a question on tolerance towards people living with HIV (PLHIV). More Since the beginning of the HIV / AIDS epidemic, stigma and discrimination have created a breeding ground for HIV transmission and have greatly increased the negative impact of the epidemic. HIV stigma and discrimination continue to manifest itself in all countries and regions of the world, creating serious obstacles to preventing the spread of infection, providing adequate care, support and treatment, and mitigating the impact of the epidemic. Stigma associated with HIV / AIDS hinders an open discussion of the causes of the epidemic and the implementation of appropriate countermeasures. Open recognition of HIV / AIDS is a prerequisite for successful mobilization of the state, communities and individuals to counteract the epidemic. The silence of this problem can lead to the denial of its existence and hinders the adoption of urgent measures to solve it. Because of this, people living with HIV / AIDS are treated only as a source of problems, although they can take part in curbing the epidemic and establishing control over it. Stigma associated with HIV / AIDS is based on numerous factors, including misunderstanding of the disease, misconceptions about the ways of HIV transmission, lack of access to treatment, irresponsible media reports on the epidemic, the incurable nature of AIDS, prejudices and fears for a number of delicate Social issues such as sexual relations, disease and death, illegal drug use. Stigma can lead to discrimination and other human rights violations, which has a very negative impact on the wellbeing of people living with HIV / AIDS. In all countries of the world, there are many cases when people living with HIV / AIDS were denied access to medical services, were not employed and deprived of their rights to education and freedom of movement. \hyperref[b1]{[4,}\hyperref[b7]{12,} {\ref 17]} Based on this we can say that we should not separate people living with HIV from society. This means that they have the right to study and work. But unfortunately among our respondents many discriminate and do not want to have contact with people living with HIV. Would you buy products from a seller if you knew he had HIV?\par
Most children who have been diagnosed with HIV have received it from their mother. Already at 1-2 months of age, a child born to an HIV-positive mother is given a special analysis. The result of this analysis does not remove or diagnose, but with a high probability (95-98\%) helps to determine whether the child is sick with HIV or not. It is important to remember that a child can get HIV from the mother through breast milk. Such cases occur when a woman was HIV-negative during pregnancy, became infected before or after childbirth and began to breastfeed. In these cases, HIV infection in children can be detected at a later age, sometimes as early as 10-14 years, usually when the child is hospitalized in a serious condition. Some underage adolescents may become infected with HIV through drug use or sexual contact. HIV infection is a disease for which timely diagnosis is important. This is why early screening of children born to HIV-positive mothers and adolescents who may have had experiences of drug use and/or unprotected sex is necessary! \hyperref[b2]{[6,}\hyperref[b12]{7,} {\ref 19]} HIV-positive children have the right to attend regular kindergarten and to attend regular public schools, and their parents are not obliged to notify anyone of their diagnosis. But unfortunately some respondents (22\%) believe that they should separate and some respondents (16\%) do not know how to act in such cases.(fig. \hyperref[fig_14]{15}  According to the results of the survey, it can be concluded that respondents are insufficiently tolerant of HIV-infected comrades and teachers. Today, it is still important to form a tolerant attitude towards HIVinfected people and the inadmissibility of discrimination, the promotion of principles based on human rights. In this regard, one of the priorities to ensure the targeted use of resources and a coordinated response to this problem should be to work out the coordination of efforts and the development of inter-sectoral social partnership between the state and society. \hyperref[b1]{[4,} {\ref 5,} {\ref 18,} {\ref 20]}   
\section[{Conclusions}]{Conclusions}\par
People who don't carry themselves to these groups, consider that danger doesn't threaten them and don't safeguard the behavior. They think: "It can't happen to me" But AIDS is not about "us" and about "them". One don't catch HIV because they "bad", and others aren't protected from HIV because, they are "good". The person catches HIV as a result of the acts, but not as a result of that whom he or she is. Any person making the acts adjoining on risk of infection of HIV can get sick with AIDS. Nobody is insured from illness if puts itself at risk. Nobody deserves to receive this illness. And until we don't realize that any can catch HIV, epidemic will continue to extend.\par
Results of a research showed not only the insufficient general level of knowledge of prophylaxis of HIV, but also low level of knowledge of legal questions, the legislation, moreover, it was noted among professionals who owing to the duties have to possess this information.\par
Stigmatization of this disease began with the moment of emergence of epidemic of HIV and its distribution in the world and generated a pavor before this illness. Especially the pavor of infection is expressed in need of rendering services for the HIV infected in particular from health workers. Now as a result of carrying out researches and implementation of target programs, many stigmata and forms of discrimination ceased to be shown.  {\ref Considerably}  \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{2}\includegraphics[]{image-2.png}
\caption{\label{fig_0}Fig. 2 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{3}\includegraphics[]{image-3.png}
\caption{\label{fig_1}Fig. 3 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{4}\includegraphics[]{image-4.png}
\caption{\label{fig_2}Fig. 4 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{5}\includegraphics[]{image-5.png}
\caption{\label{fig_3}Fig. 5 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{6}\includegraphics[]{image-6.png}
\caption{\label{fig_4}Fig. 6 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{7}\includegraphics[]{image-7.png}
\caption{\label{fig_5}Fig. 7 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{8}\includegraphics[]{image-8.png}
\caption{\label{fig_7}Fig. 8 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{910}\includegraphics[]{image-9.png}
\caption{\label{fig_8}. 9 :Fig. 10 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{11}\includegraphics[]{image-10.png}
\caption{\label{fig_9}Fig. 11 :?}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{12}\includegraphics[]{image-11.png}
\caption{\label{fig_10}Fig. 12 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{13}\includegraphics[]{image-12.png}
\caption{\label{fig_11}Fig. 13 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{14}\includegraphics[]{image-13.png}
\caption{\label{fig_12}Fig. 14 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{15}\includegraphics[]{image-14.png}
\caption{\label{fig_14}Fig. 15 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{16}\includegraphics[]{image-15.png}
\caption{\label{fig_15}Fig. 16 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.4056818181818182\textwidth}P{0.028977272727272723\textwidth}P{0.07727272727272727\textwidth}P{0.24147727272727273\textwidth}P{0.06761363636363636\textwidth}P{0.028977272727272723\textwidth}}
17. Brodish\tabcellsep PH.\tabcellsep An\tabcellsep association\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{between}\\
\multicolumn{2}{l}{neighbourhood}\tabcellsep wealth\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{inequality and}\tabcellsep HIV\\
\multicolumn{3}{l}{prevalence in sub-}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_1}}\end{figure}
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