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\title{Trends of Steroids in the Youth}
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             \author[1]{Waheed  Zafar}

             \affil[1]{  The University of Lahore}

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\date{\small \em Received: 10 December 2012 Accepted: 2 January 2013 Published: 15 January 2013}

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\begin{abstract}
        


Anabolic steroid usage has been recognized as a serious health and ethical problem in youth for several decades. Numerous examples of steroid usage rules violations have been highly publicized and have lead to the suspension .Youth, however, are not the only population of individuals that use steroids. The objective of this article is to determine the usage of steroids in the youth as a trend and to compare our findings with survey that why steroids are consumed and what are the advantages and disadvantages and also acknowledgement. To measure these attitudes, we conducted a survey of 200 people from different gyms. More than (83.5 %) percent of the study group reported that they heard about current or previous anabolic steroid usage. According to the previous eighty-eight (88%) percent had heard of anabolic steroids, but only 59.5% had heard their side effects explained to them. In survey, 88% had heard of anabolic steroids, 59.5% had heard the side effects explained to them, and 19.5% admitted to using steroids. 24.5% said that steroids should be promoted. Only 16.5% says that steroids are healthy and 29.5 % think that a steroid improves muscles and strength. Only 18.5% take steroids as a pain reliever. These results suggest that anabolic steroids remain a problem among young. Educational programs should be instituted during junior high school to increase the knowledge of anabolic steroids in this group. Information should come from qualified individuals including coaches, teachers, trainers, and especially parents.

\end{abstract}


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\let\tabcellsep& 	 	 		 
\section[{Introduction}]{Introduction}\par
he term steroids normally are related to a class of drugs that are used to treat in many types of medical situations. These drugs are also used for supporting reproduction, regulation of the metabolism and immune functions. Recreational athletes also use steroids to enhance performance and to improve personal appearance "Anabolic means use of something that causes a building up of tissue. The term anabolism refers more generally to an increase in lean tissue in particular muscle tissue". 
\section[{Steroids are solvable in fats 2. Steroids are organic compounds}]{Steroids are solvable in fats 2. Steroids are organic compounds}\par
Testosterone is derived in the body from cholesterol, and like other steroid hormones, testosterone has its main effect on tissues. 1 ml Testoviron Depot contains 250 mg testosterone. Testosterone has main effect on tissues. Testosterone enter in body and attaches to a receptor which crosses in to cell nucleus where it activates production of protein. Protein production leads to tissue repair and growth. Muscle building steroids have changed the way gaming events are being conducted in today's times. More and more sportsmen have shown intent to take on performance enhancing steroids with an aim to optimize their performance. The curiosity behind steroids has seen a following in demanding sports such as weightlifting, swimming, baseball and football like never before.\par
A steroid used in the treatment of medical conditions usually involves the use of only one type of steroid and medical patients are closely monitored and the doses used are approximately that which would be produced naturally by the human body.\par
Many steroids available on the black market are even of dubious quality and often only contain small amounts of the drug. Some of these drugs have even been reported to contain only water and a dye, or contain only normal peanut oil. According to the International Olympic committee, the abuse of the anabolic steroids is found with ratio of 50\% of positive testing. Steroids usage is not restricted to the sports man. Since it's remain unsolved public health problem. Although AASS use has been forbidden in organized sports nearly thirty years, their abuse remains one of the important problems as a widespread phenomenon in both athletic and nonathletic populations. The major motive for their abuse is to motivate physical fitness and appearance. Despite evidence of increased risks of AASS, abusers are simply mauve regarding the dangers of these substances Trend among Youth to Buy Bulking Steroids (uncategorized): 
\section[{Uses of}]{Uses of}\par
Buying and following the bulking steroids cycle has become trend among the youth of our present society. In the domain of the third generation not only the body builder but also the youths have the craze for making their body to look like the super hero. They work out for countless hours to increase their muscular ability and strength in a shortest possible time. But the final result comes out to be negative. 
\section[{Helen Keane (2005):}]{Helen Keane (2005):}\par
This article examines these two frameworks and their constitution of the male steroid user as psychologically disordered, drawing on a range of medical and psychological literature. The first framework understands steroid use as a form of illicit drug use, and constitutes the steroid user as an antisocial and excessively masculine subject. The second locates steroid use within the field of body image disorder, producing the steroid user as a damaged and feminized male. 
\section[{Jay R. Hoffman (2006):}]{Jay R. Hoffman (2006):}\par
For almost half of this time no attempt was made by sports governing bodies to control its use, and only recently have all of the major sports governing bodies in North America agreed to banned from competition and punish athletes who test positive for anabolic steroids. Yet, controversy exists whether these testing programs deter anabolic steroid use t is of interest to understand why many athletes underestimate the health risks associated from these drugs. 
\section[{Randall R. Wroble(2003):}]{Randall R. Wroble(2003):}\par
Anabolic steroids remain a problem. Eightyeight percent had heard of anabolic steroids, but only 64\% had had their side effects explained to them. Only 47\% stated that a parent, coach, teacher, or athletic trainer was their primary source of information. Results were compared to a 1989 baseline study completed before legislation lead to the scheduling of anabolic steroids. In 1989, 78\% had heard of anabolic steroids, 50\% had had the side effects explained to them, and 2\% admitted to using steroids Andrew  {\ref Berdahl (2003)} The first thing that comes to people's minds about steroids is the fact that steroids are 1dangerous drugs. However, there are many kinds of steroids that are beneficial to the body. The structure of steroid is used to simulate appetite and bone growth, and it also is used to cure chronic wasting conditions. Steroid increases protein within cells, and that builds up muscles rapidly. Initially, body builders were the first people who used steroids Tumbler:  {\ref (2005)} The abuse of steroid is used in modern society. The usage of steroids is also catching up with school and college-going children and even business professionals. In a survey in 1999, it was revealed that as much as 479,000 students worldwide or 2.9 percent of total student population had used steroid by the last year of high school. In their aim to do so, they forget that steroids can be harmful and may pose a danger to their healthy, body, and even life. The questionnaire was modified from the one designed. Because of our type of data we have selected is primary questionnaire fill up we have chosen. On every questionnaire we mentioned age, sex, occupation, marital status to know about them. Our first two questions show the acknowledgement about steroids. In other questions we asked their perception about steroids. In the ending of questionnaire we asked about usage of steroids by them or other people they know. We take 250 questionnaires for our research in which 30 questionnaires were ruined and 15 were uncompleted. We get the exact data from 205 people and we take exact figure of 200 questionnaires as our sample size.\par
Type of sampling: Simple random sampling g) Findings 
\section[{Table (a)}]{Table (a)}\par
In our survey the majority of people from which we have collected data about 21-25 years old because we are targeting the youth. The age from 16-20 years old is 44\% of the total population. The least one are from 26-30 years old from which we have collected the data. 
\section[{Table (b)}]{Table (b)}\par
Our targets of the population are mostly male from where we collect the data. The majority is male with the 75.5\% of the total population and the remaining part of population is female with the percentage of 24. The total population we have target is about 200 people including male and female. 
\section[{Table (c)}]{Table (c)}\par
In our survey the marital status of most of the people are single. Mostly married people have no time they are much busy in their daily routine and busy life. 94 percent people of the total population are single in their marital status and 5.5 percent of our population are married remaining 0.5 percent have mentioned widow in the questionnaire. 
\section[{Table (d)}]{Table (d)}\par
In the youth as we know mostly people are student. The 97\% of the population have mentioned themselves as student, 2.5 \% of our population from where we collect the data said that they are businessman rest of the population says that they are house wives with 0.5 percent of the population. So include all of them our total population become 200. 
\section[{Corresponding to the objectives: Our first objective is to see what are steroids?}]{Corresponding to the objectives: Our first objective is to see what are steroids?}\par
With perspective to our first objectives the questions in our questionnaire that fall in this category.\par
Table  {\ref :}-The responses are given below in the table  {\ref Table 1   ©}   
\section[{Don't know}]{Don't know}\par
The response from the population with the reference to steroids is that 83.5\% heard about steroids. Although 13.5\% of population says that have not heard about steroids and 3\% of targeted population says that they don't know about it. 
\section[{It lies in our first objective to see what are steroids?}]{It lies in our first objective to see what are steroids?}\par
With perspective to the first objective 59.5 \% of our population says that know about steroids. The people who say no are 20.5\% of the population we have targeted and rest of the 20\% say that they don't know about steroids side effects. Majority knows about the side effects of steroids.\par
Our second objective is to see why steroids are consumed.\par
Table  {\ref :}-Responses in the perspective of this question are mentioned in the table as given below: As we have mentioned about the response of usage of steroids as pain reliever. The responses in the fever of yes were 18.5\% of the population and the response in the fever of no were 53.5 \% of total population. Rest of the people said that they don't know about steroids as a pain reliever. Majority is I saying that they not used steroids as a pain reliever.\par
Responses for the acknowledgment about usage of steroids in the medicine are given in the table.\par
Research says that about 51.5\% people of total population are aware of usage of steroids in the medicines. And 22.5\% people of the total population says that they have no knowledge about usage of steroids are being used in the medicines. Although the other 26\% of our targeted population says that they don't know about this.\par
Response for the usage of steroids in the youth is given in the table\par
According to the research 19.5\% of the targeted population said: that have used steroids. On other hand 68\% people deny about the usage of steroids their response was negative for the steroid usage and rest of 12.5\% people says that they don't know about usage of steroids either they used or not.\par
Our third objective is to find out advantages or disadvantages of steroids. The responses of steroids promotion in the view of youth is given below in the table: Table  {\ref 3} As the table show the views of youth for the promotion of steroid. 24.5\% of the targeted population says that yes steroids should be promoted according to them but on other hand the majority says that steroids should not be promoted. 61\% of the population says that steroids should not be promoted.\par
The perception of the people that steroids are healthy or not are given in the table:\par
Research says that 16.5\% of the people are satisfied with the steroids that they are healthy. The population with majority 54.5\% thinks that steroids are not healthy and 29\% of the total population from where data is collected replied that they don't know about it either it healthy or injurious. It shows the advantages or disadvantages of steroids in the view of people.\par
Steroids without proper nutrition and exercise will improve muscle size who agrees with it and response yes is 29.5\% and on other side people who disagree with it that steroids cannot improve muscle without proper nutrition and exercise is about 39.5. Majority falls in this segment that have said no and remaining says that they don't know\par
As the result shows that 69.5\% feel think that steroids can improve chance for athletic success but 16\% feel that people don't take steroids to improve their chances of success for athletics. The part consist of 14.5\% of the targeted population feel that they have no idea or they don't know that people take steroids or not take steroids to improve their chances for athletic success.\par
Our forth objective is to see awareness among youth about steroids.\par
The table given below shows the results from the targeted population: Table  {\ref 4} The result shows that 27\% of the population agrees with it that if steroids are taken carefully with proper dose they don't harm you. 34.5\% says that steroids are harmful either they taken proper or not. There is also existences of people that don't know about steroids are harmful or not if they are taken carefully 38.5\% of the total represents this. 
\section[{III.}]{III.} 
\section[{Conclusion}]{Conclusion}\par
This research was conducted to gauge the perception of steroids as a trend in the youth. Approximately one percent of 10 to 14 year-old youth sports participants are using or have used anabolic steroids. Even though usage has decreased by over \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{1}\includegraphics[]{image-2.png}
\caption{\label{fig_0}steroids: 1 .?}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{}\includegraphics[]{image-3.png}
\caption{\label{fig_1}}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{}\includegraphics[]{image-4.png}
\caption{\label{fig_2}}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{}\includegraphics[]{image-5.png}
\caption{\label{fig_3}}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{2} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.4713973799126637\textwidth}P{0.1670305676855895\textwidth}P{0.07794759825327512\textwidth}P{0.13362445414847163\textwidth}}
Have you ever used\tabcellsep Yes\tabcellsep 37\tabcellsep 18.5\\
steroids as pain\tabcellsep No\tabcellsep 107\tabcellsep 53.5\\
reliever?\tabcellsep Don't know\tabcellsep 56\tabcellsep 28.0\\
Do you know steroids\tabcellsep Yes\tabcellsep 103\tabcellsep 51.5\\
are often used in\tabcellsep No\tabcellsep 45\tabcellsep 22.5\\
medicine these days?\tabcellsep Don't know\tabcellsep 52\tabcellsep 26.0\\
Have you ever used\tabcellsep Yes\tabcellsep 39\tabcellsep 19.5\\
steroids?\tabcellsep No\tabcellsep 136\tabcellsep 68.0\\
\tabcellsep Don't know\tabcellsep 25\tabcellsep 12.5\end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_0}Table 2}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.6798789173789174\textwidth}P{0.04116809116809116\textwidth}P{0.03027065527065527\textwidth}P{0.03632478632478633\textwidth}P{0.04903846153846154\textwidth}P{0.01331908831908832\textwidth}}
\multicolumn{3}{l}{50\% since 1989, steroid use is still a serious problem.}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
\multicolumn{3}{l}{Questions Insufficient knowledge and inappropriate attitudes Do you think steroids Yes regarding the benefits and risks of using anabolic steroids is also a major concern. About 51\% have Yes No don't know}\tabcellsep Frequenc y 49\tabcellsep Percent 24.5\\
\multicolumn{3}{l}{should be promoted? acknowledgement about steroids rather 49\% rest of the No}\tabcellsep 122\tabcellsep 61.0\\
\multicolumn{3}{l}{steroids users take steroids without acknowledgement. Don't know To you steroids are healthy? Yes No Research impacts positive on the steroids as trend in ? Do you think steroids should be promoted? the youth. Steroids should not be promoted 86\% of the Don't know people elect it. Do you believe that Yes IV. Recommendation Yes No don't know}\tabcellsep 29 33 109 58 59\tabcellsep 14.5 16.5 54.5 29.0 29.5\\
\multicolumn{2}{l}{steroids without proper nutrition and ? To you, steroids are healthy? No}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 79\tabcellsep 39.5\tabcellsep 2 013\\
exercise will improve muscle size and strength? Yes\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{Don't know No don't know}\tabcellsep 62\tabcellsep 31.0\tabcellsep Year\\
Do you feel that people take steroids to improve your chances for athletic success? ? Yes\tabcellsep Yes No Don't know No\tabcellsep don't know\tabcellsep 139 32 29\tabcellsep 69.5 16.0 14.5\\
\multicolumn{3}{l}{? Have you ever used steroids as a pain reliever?}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
Yes\tabcellsep No\tabcellsep don't know\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
? Yes\tabcellsep No\tabcellsep don't know\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep ( D D D D ) B\\
\multicolumn{4}{l}{? Is it safe, if steroids used carefully will not harm an athlete?}\tabcellsep \\
Yes\tabcellsep No\tabcellsep don't know\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
\multicolumn{2}{l}{Question ? Have you ever used steroids?}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep Frequenc y\tabcellsep Percent\\
Is it safe, if steroids\tabcellsep Yes\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 54\tabcellsep 27.0\\
used carefully will not Yes\tabcellsep No No\tabcellsep don't know\tabcellsep 69\tabcellsep 34.5\\
harm an athlete?\tabcellsep Don't know\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 77\tabcellsep 38.5\end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_1}?}\end{figure}
 			\footnote{© 2013 Global Journals Inc. (US)} 		 		\backmatter  			 
\subsection[{Appendix}]{Appendix}\par
Please answer every question on the appropriate line.\par
The University of Lahore We the students of LBS are interested in learning more about anabolic steroids. Our objective is to help expand the body of knowledge about how steroids effects the young generation. 			 			  				\begin{bibitemlist}{1}
\bibitem[Yavari ()]{b4}\label{b4} 	 		\textit{Abuse of Anabolic Androgenic Steroids. Dept. Department of physical education, National public health management center, Tabriz university of Medical sciences},  		 			Abbas Yavari 		,  		 			MD 		.  		2009. Iran. p. 5166616471.  	 
\bibitem[Anderson et al. ()]{b1}\label{b1} 	 		‘Estimated prevalence of anabolic steroid use among high school seniors’.  		 			W A W E Anderson 		,  		 			K E Buckley 		,  		 			A L Friedl 		,  		 			J E Streit 		,  		 			C E Wright 		,  		 			Yesalis 		.  	 	 		\textit{Journal of the American Medical Association}  		1988.  	 
\bibitem[Hoffman and Ratamess ()]{b0}\label{b0} 	 		\textit{Medical issues associated with anabolic steroids. The college of new jersey},  		 			J R Hoffman 		,  		 			N A Ratamess 		.  		2006. Ewing, NJ, USE. p. .  	 
\bibitem[Windsor and Dumitru ()]{b2}\label{b2} 	 		‘Prevalence of anabolic steroid use by male and female adolescents’.  		 			R Windsor 		,  		 			D Dumitru 		.  	 	 		\textit{Med Sci Sports Exerc}  		1989. 270  (1)  p. .  	 
\bibitem[Unpublished paper, steroids statistics ()]{b3}\label{b3} 	 		\textit{Unpublished paper, steroids statistics},  		2005. America.  	 
\end{bibitemlist}
 			 		 	 
\end{document}