@incollection{,
	
					
					
					D80CCDDD7764ADC2E334A3C9AF158749
				,
	author={{Ibrahim MohmmedElaimam} and {Sudan Medical Specialization Board (SMSB)}},
	journal={{Global Journal of Medical Research}},
	journal={{GJMR}}2249-46180975-588810.34257/GJMR,
	address={Cambridge, United States},
	publisher={Global Journals Organisation}1332934
}

@incollection{b0,
	
	
		,
	author={{
			AJemal
		} and {
			TMurray
		} and {
			EWard
		} and {
			ASamuels
		} and {
			RCTiwari
		} and {
			AGhafoor
		} and {
			EJFeuer
		} and {
			MJThun
		}}
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	booktitle={{Cancer statistics}}
				
			,
	year={2005. 2005}
			55
			10
		
	

}

@book{b1,
	
	
		,
	title={{Descriptive epidemiology of prostate cancer in Japan and Western countries}}
		,
	author={{
			Wakaik
		}}
		
	
	,
	note={in Japanese}

}

@incollection{b2,
	
	
		,
	title={{}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Nippon Rinsho}}
		
			63
			2
			
			,
	year={2005 Feb}
		
	

}

@incollection{b3,
	
	
		,
	title={{}}
		,
	author={{
			AAbdelkarim
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Abdrabo. Adil I. Fadlalla. Imad M. Fadl-Elmul: Saudi Med J}}
		
			,
	year={2011}
		
	

}

@incollection{b4,
	
	
		,
	title={{Cancer statistics, 2011: the impact of eliminating socioeconomic and racial disparities on premature cancer deaths}}
		,
	author={{
			RSiegel
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Cancer J Clin}}
		
			61
			
		
	

}

@book{b5,
	
	
		,
	title={{Screening for prostate cancer: systematic review and metaanalysis of randomised controlled trials}}
		,
	author={{
			MDjulbegovic
		} and {
			RJBeyth
		} and {
			MMNeuberger
		} and {
			TLStoffs
		} and {
			JVieweg
		} and {
			BDjulbegovic
		} and {
			PDahm
		}}
		
		
		
		
		
		
		BMJ2011
		
			
		
	

}

@incollection{b6,
	
	
		,
	title={{}}
		,
	author={{
			PBeuzeboc
		} and {
			MSoulié
		} and {
			PRichaud
		} and {
			LSalomon
		} and {
			FStaerman
		} and {
			MPeyromaure
		} and {
			PMongiat-Artus
		} and {
			FCornud
		} and {
			PPaparel
		} and {
			JLDavin
		} and {
			VMolinié
		}}
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Prog. Urol}}
		
			19
			11
			
		
	
	,
	note={Fusion genes and 7. prostate cancer. From discovery to prognosis and therapeutic perspectives. in French}

}

@book{b7,
	
	
		,
	title={{Schroder FH Comparison of screen detected and clinically diagnosed prostate cancer in the European randomized study of screening for prostate cancer, section Rotterdam}}
		,
	author={{
			IWVan Der Cruijsen-Koeter
		} and {
			ANVis
		} and {
			MJRoobol
		} and {
			MFWildhagen
		} and {
			HJDe Koning
		} and {
			THVan Der Kwast
		}}
		
		
		
		
		
		
			,
	year={2005}
			174
		
	

}

@incollection{b8,
	
	
		,
	title={{PSA in staging of localized prostate cancer. Influence of tumour differentiation, tumour volume and BPH}}
		,
	author={{
			AWPartin
		} and {
			HBCarter
		} and {
			DWChan
		} and {
			JIEpstein
		} and {
			JEOesterling
		} and {
			RCRock
		}}
		
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{J}}
		
			143
			
			,
	year={Urol1990}
		
	

}

@incollection{b9,
	
	
		,
	title={{Carter HB: A PSA threshold of 4.0 ng/mL for early detection of prostate cancer: The only rational approach for men 50 years old and older}}
		,
	author={{
			Carter
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Urology}}
		
			55
			
			,
	year={2000. 2000}
		
	

}

@incollection{b10,
	
	
		,
	title={{Prostate Specific Antigenversus Digital Rectal Examination as screening for ca prostate in Sudanese patients Sudanese}}
		,
	author={{
			ElImam
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Public Health}}
		
			4
			2
			278
			,
	year={2009}
		
	

}

@incollection{b11,
	
	
		,
	title={{}}
		,
	author={{
			AAbdelkarim
		} and {
			Abdrabo
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Adil I. FadlallaImad M. Fadl-Elmula}}
		
			32
			11
			
			,
	year={2011}
		
	
	,
	note={Saudi Med J}

}

@incollection{b12,
	
	
		,
	title={{Pub Med. Detection rates and biologic significance of prostate cancer with PSA less than 4.0 ng/mL: observation and clinical implications from Tyrol screening project}}
		,
	author={{
			AEPelzer
		} and {
			ATewari
		} and {
			JBektic
		} and {
			APBerger
		} and {
			FFrauscher
		} and {
			GBartsch
		} and {
			WHorninger
		}}
		
		
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Urology}}
		
			66
			5
			
			,
	year={2005 Nov}
		
	

}

@book{b13,
	
	
		,
	title={{Age and race-specific reference ranges for prostatespecific antigen from a large community-based study}}
		,
	author={{
			EPDeantoni
		} and {
			EDCrawford
		} and {
			JEOesterling
		}}
		
		
		
			,
	year={Urology1996}
			48
			
		
	

}

@incollection{b14,
	
	
		,
	title={{Agespecific reference ranges for prostate-specific antigen in black men}}
		,
	author={{
			TOMorgan
		} and {
			SJJacobsen
		} and {
			WFMccarthy
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{N Engl J Med}}
		
			335
			
			,
	year={1996}
		
	

}

@incollection{b15,
	
	
		,
	title={{Age-specific reference range for serum prostatespecific antigen in Sudanese men}}
		,
	author={{
			AAAbdrabo
		} and {
			AIFadlalla
		} and {
			IMFadl-Elmula
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	booktitle={{Pub Med}}
				
	

}

@book{b16,
	
	
		,
	title={{Clinical features of prostate cancer before diagnosis: a populationbased, case-control study1}}
		,
	author={{
			WilliamHamilton
		}}
		PMCID
		
			56
			
		
	

}

@book{b17,
	
	
		,
	title={{Aio minute consultation :prostatic symptoms BMJ}}
		,
	author={{
			Farmer
		}}
		
			,
	year={2001}
			322
			146838
		
	

}

@incollection{b18,
	
	
		,
	title={{the diagnosis value of macroscopic haematuria for diagnosis of urological cancer in geralpractice}}
		,
	author={{
			R
		} and {
			RuntinexaertgeersbVencastresv
		}}
		
		003:53:3135
	
	
		,
	journal={{Bv JGenpud}}
		
	

}

@book{b19,
	
	
		,
	title={{Schr ?der FH Early detection and screening for prostate cancer. van. Evidence Based Urology}}
		,
	author={{
			PJLeeuwen
		} and {
			MRoobol
		}}
		
		
			,
	year={2010 Jan}
		
	

}

@incollection{b20,
	
	
		,
	title={{El Imam et al: Prostate Specific Antigenversus Digital Rectal Examination as screening for ca prostate in Sudanese patients Sudanese}}
		,
	author={{
			RMMartin
		} and {
			LVatten
		} and {
			DGunnell
		} and {
			PRomundstad
		} and {
			JSKrumholtz
		} and {
			GFCarvalhal
		} and {
			CGRamos
		} and {
			DSSmith
		} and {
			PThorson
		} and {
			YYan
		}}
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		10.1007/s10552-009-9477-x
		19949849
	
	
		,
	journal={{Oxford Journals Medicine JNCI J Natl Cancer Inst}}
		
			21
			3
			278
			,
	year={March 2010. 2002 Sep. 2009}
		
	
	,
	note={Journal of Public Health}

}

@incollection{b21,
	
	
		,
	title={{}}
		,
	author={{
			AAbdelkarim
		} and {
			Abdrabo
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Adil I. FadlallaImad M. Fadl-Elmula}}
		
			32
			11
			
			,
	year={2011}
		
	
	,
	note={Saudi Med J}

}

@incollection{b22,
	
	
		,
	title={{Significance of the palpable prostatic nodule}}
		,
	author={{
			HJewett
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{J Am Med Assoc}}
		
			160
			10
			
			,
	year={1956}
		
	
	,
	note={Mar10}

}

@book{b23,
	
	
		,
	title={{A Critical Analysis of the Tumor Volume Threshold for Clinically Insignificant Prostate Cancer Using a Data Set of a Randomized Screening Trial}}
		,
	author={{
			TWolters
		} and {
			MJRoobol
		} and {
			PJVan Leeuwen
		} and {
			RCBergh
		} and {
			RFHoedemaeker
		} and {
			GJLeenders
		} and {
			Schr
		} and {
			Fh
		} and {
			THKwast
		} and {
			Urol
		}}
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
			,
	year={2010 Nov}
		
	

}

@incollection{b24,
	
	
		,
	title={{Selection of optimal prostate specific antigen cutoffs for early detection of prostate cancer: Receiver operating characteristic curves}}
		,
	author={{
			Catalona
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{J Urol}}
		
			152
			
			,
	year={1994. 1994}
		
	

}

@incollection{b25,
	
	
		,
	title={{Characteristics of prostatecancer detected by digital rectal examination only}}
		,
	author={{
			OTOkotie
		} and {
			KARoehl
		} and {
			MHan
		} and {
			SLoeb
		} and {
			SNGashti
		} and {
			WJCatalona
		}}
		
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Urology}}
		
			70
			6
			
			,
	year={2007 Dec}
		
	

}

@book{b26,
	
	
		,
	title={{Prevalence of prostate cancer among men with aprostate specific antigen level> 4ng/ml. The}}
		,
	author={{
			Thompson,Iamm
		} and {
			Donna
		} and {
			Pauler
		} and {
			GoodPhyllisj
		} and {
			Man
		}}
		
		
		
		
		
	

}