@incollection{, 5602A4D2F588F20AEFECAE64AB305704 , note={from 1986 to 2007} , author={{FrankMo} and {FengWang} and {HowardMorrison} and {Social Determinants and Science Integration Directorate}}, journal={{Global Journal of Medical Research}}, journal={{GJMR}}2249-46180975-588810.34257/GJMR, address={Cambridge, United States}, publisher={Global Journals Organisation}1373137 } @book{b0, , title={{Healthy People, Healthy Places(Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-229-XWE)}} , author={{ GilmourHeather } and { PamelaRamage-Morin }} , year={1997. December 20} } @incollection{b1, , title={{Healthy life expectancy: comparison of OECD countries in 2001}} , author={{ CDMathers } and { CjlMurray } and { JASalomon }} , journal={{Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health}} 27 , year={2003} } @incollection{b2, , title={{Healthy life expectancy in 191 countries}} , author={{ CDMathers } and { RSadana } and { JSalomon }} , journal={{The Lancet}} 357 , year={1999. 2001} } @incollection{b3, , title={{Life expectancy at birth and at various ages}} , journal={{OECD Health Data}} , year={2010} , publisher={OECD} } @book{b4, , title={{Canada's Health by Region. Health Region Report. teacherweb.com/ON/Statistics/Math/17HealthbyReg ionReport.doc}} , author={{ JackWei Colin } and { Mcclenaghanberkok }} , year={2007} } @incollection{b5, , title={{}} , journal={{International Human Development Indicators -UND}} } @book{b6, , title={{}} , author={{ UndpHdrstats } and { Org }} , year={2010-11-04} } @incollection{b7, , title={{Longevity and Historical Life Tables 1921-1981 (Abridged): Canada and the Provinces (Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 89-506-XPB)}} , author={{ DNagnur }} , journal={{Ottawa}} 215 , year={1986} } @incollection{b8, , title={{Sex differentials in health and mortality}} , author={{ LMVerbrugge } and { DLWingard }} , journal={{Women Health}} 12 2 , year={1987} } @incollection{b9, , title={{The weaker sex? Exploring lay understandings of gender differences in life expectancy: a qualitative study}} , author={{ CEmslie } and { KHunt }} , journal={{SocSci Med}} 67 5 , year={2008} } @book{b10, , title={{Sex mortality differences in Denmark 1840-2005. Women live longer than men, but great changes during the last 50 years. UgeskrLaeger}} , author={{ KJuel } and { KChristensen }} , year={2007} 169 } @book{b11, , title={{Trends in the Prevalence of Obesity, Dietary Behaviors, and Weight Control Practices}} , year={1991-2009. June 2011} , note={Youth Risk Behavior Survey} } @incollection{b12, , title={{Department of Health and Human Services. The Health Consequences of Smoking: A Report of the Surgeon General}} , author={{ US }} , journal={{Centers for Disease Control and Prevention}} 920 , year={2004} , publisher={National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion} , note={Office of Smoking and Health} } @incollection{b13, , title={{World Health Organisation (WHO)}} , journal={{World Health Organization}} 88 , year={2004. 2004} , note={Global Status Report on Alcohol} } @incollection{b14, , author={{ APeeters } and { JJBarendregt } and { FWillekens }} , booktitle={{Obesity in Adulthood and Its Consequences for Life Expectancy: A Life-Table Analysis}} , year={January 2003} 7 } @incollection{b15, , title={{Effects of obesity and smoking on U.S. life expectancy}} , author={{ RPeto } and { GWhitlock } and { PJha }} , journal={{New England Journal of Medicine}} 362 9 , year={2010} } @incollection{b16, , title={{Obesity and Trends in Life Expectancy}} , author={{ HLWalls } and { KBackholer } and { JProietto }} , journal={{Journal of Obesity}} , year={2012} } @book{b17, , title={{}} 10.1155/2012/107989 , year={2012} , note={Article ID 107989, 4 pages} } @incollection{b18, , title={{Table 109-0300. 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CANSIM (database)}} , journal={{Statistics Canada}} , year={December 2010} } @book{b19, , title={{On the quantification of health risks: lessons from the Global Burden of Disease Study}} , author={{ CjlMurray } and { ADLopez }} , year={Epidemiology1999} 10 } @incollection{b20, , title={{Why are males injured more than females?}} , author={{ JRUdry }} , journal={{Injury}} 4 , year={Prevention1998} } @incollection{b21, , title={{Risk Taking, Reported Injury, and Perceptionof Future Injury Among Adolescents}} , author={{ EJelalian } and { ASpirito } and { RasileD }} , journal={{Journal of Pediatric Psychology}} 22 4 , year={1997} } @incollection{b22, , title={{East-West mortality divide and its potential explanations: proposed research agenda}} , author={{ MBobak } and { MMarmot }} , journal={{BMJ}} 312 7028 , year={1996} } @incollection{b23, , title={{Social life factors affecting the mortality, longevity, and birth rate of total Japanese population: effects of rapid industrialization and urbanization}} , author={{ SAraki } and { EUchida } and { KMurata }} , journal={{J Hum Ergol (Tokyo)}} 19 2 , year={1990} } @incollection{b24, , title={{Mortality in 272 European regions, 2002-2004. An update}} , author={{ LGBonneux } and { CCHuisman } and { JADe Beer }} , journal={{Eur J Epidemiol}} 25 2 , year={2010} }