@incollection{,
	
					
					
					3D55D560A4F3CA451F773C86DFFB8995
				,
	author={{UmarSaeed} and {Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad (44000), Pakistan.}},
	journal={{Global Journal of Medical Research}},
	journal={{GJMR}}2249-46180975-588810.34257/GJMR,
	address={Cambridge, United States},
	publisher={Global Journals Organisation}1411519
}

@incollection{b0,
	
	
		,
	title={{Recycling of injection equipment in Pakistan}}
		,
	author={{
			AbdulMujeeb
		} and {
			SAdil
		} and {
			M
		} and {
			MAltaf
		} and {
			AHutin
		} and {
			YLuby
		} and {
			S
		}}
		
		
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol}}
		
			24
			
			,
	year={2003}
		
	

}

@incollection{b1,
	
	
		,
	title={{Knowledge, attitudes and practices about hepatitis B and C among young healthy males}}
		,
	author={{
			MAlam
		} and {
			WTariq
		} and {
			Z
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Pak J Pathol}}
		
			17
			
			,
	year={2006}
		
	

}

@book{b2,
	
	
		,
	title={{Common genotypes of hepatitis B virus prevalent in injecting drug abusers(addicts) of North West Frontier Province of Pakistan}}
		,
	author={{
			MMAlam
		} and {
			SZZaidi
		} and {
			SShaukat
		} and {
			SSharif
		} and {
			MAngez
		} and {
			ANaeem
		} and {
			SSaleha
		} and {
			JAButt
		} and {
			SAMalik
		}}
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
			,
	year={2007}
			63
			,
	address={Vir J, 4}
		
	

}

@book{b3,
	
	
		,
	title={{Common genotypes of hepatitis B virus prevalent in injecting drug abusers(addicts) of North West Frontier Province of Pakistan}}
		,
	author={{
			MMAlam
		} and {
			SZZaidi
		} and {
			SShaukat
		} and {
			SSharif
		} and {
			MAngez
		} and {
			ANaeem
		} and {
			SSaleha
		} and {
			JAButt
		} and {
			SAMalik
		}}
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
			,
	year={2007}
			63
			,
	address={Vir J, 4}
		
	

}

@incollection{b4,
	
	
		,
	title={{Hepatitis B virus in Pakistan: A systematic review of prevalence, risk factors, awareness status and genotypes}}
		,
	author={{
			MAli
		} and {
			MIdrees
		} and {
			LAli
		} and {
			AHussain
		} and {
			IRehman
		} and {
			SSaleem
		} and {
			SAfzal
		} and {
			SButt
		}}
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Virology Journal}}
		
			8
			102
			,
	year={2011}
		
	

}

@incollection{b5,
	
	
		,
	title={{High prevalence of HIV infection among injection drug users (IDUs) in Hyderabad and Sukkur, Pakistan}}
		,
	author={{
			AAltaf
		} and {
			NSaleem
		} and {
			SAbbas
		} and {
			RMuzaffar
		}}
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{J Pak Med Assoc}}
		
			59
			
			,
	year={2009}
		
	

}

@incollection{b6,
	
	
		,
	title={{Prevalence of HIV, hepatitis B and C amongst health workers of civil hospital Karachi}}
		,
	author={{
			SAziz
		} and {
			AMemon
		} and {
			HTily
		} and {
			IRasheed
		} and {
			KJehangir
		} and {
			KQuraishy
		} and {
			M
		} and {
			S
		}}
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{J Pak Med Assoc}}
		
			56
			
			,
	year={2006}
		
	

}

@incollection{b7,
	
	
		,
	title={{Prevalence of HIV, hepatitis B and C amongst health workers of Civil Hospital Karachi}}
		,
	author={{
			SAziz
		} and {
			AMemon
		} and {
			HTily
		} and {
			IRasheed
		} and {
			KJehangir
		} and {
			KQuraishy
		} and {
			M
		} and {
			S
		}}
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{J Pak Med Assoc}}
		
			52
			
			,
	year={2002}
		
	

}

@book{b8,
	
	
		,
	title={{}}
		,
	author={{
			SAziz
		} and {
			RMuzaffar
		} and {
			SHafiz
		} and {
			ZAbbas
		} and {
			MZafar
		} and {
			NNaqvi
		} and {
			S
		} and {
			ARizvi
		} and {
			S
		} and {
			A
		}}
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
			,
	year={2007}
		
	

}

@incollection{b9,
	
	
		,
	title={{Helicobacter pylori, hepatitis viruses A, C, E, antibodies and HBsAg -prevalence and associated risk factors in pediatric communities of Karachi}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{J Coll Physicians Surg Pak}}
		
			17
			
		
	

}

@incollection{b10,
	
	
		,
	title={{Seroprevalence of hepatitis-B and C among patients reporting in surgical OPD at Fauji Foundation Hospital, Rawlapindi Review of 5 year literature}}
		,
	author={{
			IChaudhary
		} and {
			AShah
		} and {
			S
		} and {
			KMajrooh
		} and {
			M
		} and {
			AAlvi
		} and {
			A
		} and {
			A
		}}
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Pak J Med Sci}}
		
			23
			
			,
	year={2007}
		
	

}

@book{b11,
	
	
		,
	title={{Chronic Hepatitis C: Current disease management}}
		,
	author={{
			DensonSmith
		}}
		
			,
	year={2005}
		
	

}

@book{b12,
	
	
		,
	title={{Can Salons Spread Infection?}}
		,
	author={{
			CDowney
		}}
		
		
			,
	year={2008}
		
	

}

@incollection{b13,
	
	
		,
	title={{Frequency of hepatitis B and C in selected groups of population in NWFP Pakistan}}
		,
	author={{
			JFarooqi
		} and {
			IFarooqi
		} and {
			R
		} and {
			JKhan
		} and {
			N
		} and {
			Mussarat
		}}
		
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{JPMI}}
		
			21
			03
			
			,
	year={2007}
		
	

}

@incollection{b14,
	
	
		,
	title={{Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B and C Genotypes Among Young Apparently Healthy Females of Karachi Pakistan}}
		,
	author={{
			SHakim
		} and {
			TKazmi
		} and {
			S
		} and {
			UBagasra
		} and {
			O
		}}
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Libyan J Med}}
		
			3
			
			,
	year={2008}
		
	

}

@incollection{b15,
	
	
		,
	title={{Frequency of hepatitis B and C in hemophiliac children}}
		,
	author={{
			MHussain
		} and {
			MKhan
		} and {
			AJan
		} and {
			M
		} and {
			Jan
		} and {
			A
		}}
		
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Pak Pead J}}
		
			27
			
			,
	year={2003}
		
	

}

@incollection{b16,
	
	
		,
	title={{Relationship of cosmetic procedures and drug use to hepatitis C and hepatitis B virus infections in a low-risk population}}
		,
	author={{
			LHwang
		} and {
			YKrammer
		} and {
			J
		} and {
			RTroisi
		} and {
			CBull
		} and {
			LGrimes
		} and {
			C
		} and {
			ZLyerla
		} and {
			RAlter
		} and {
			M
		} and {
			J
		}}
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Hepatology}}
		
			44
			2
			
			,
	year={2006}
		
	

}

@incollection{b17,
	
	
		,
	title={{Hepatitis B and C: prevalence and risk factors associated with seropositivity among children in Karachi}}
		,
	author={{
			WJafri
		} and {
			NJafri
		} and {
			JYakoob
		} and {
			MIslam
		} and {
			STirmizi
		} and {
			F
		} and {
			AJafar
		} and {
			T
		}}
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{BMC Infect Dis}}
		
			6
			101
			,
	year={2006}
		
	

}

@incollection{b18,
	
	
		,
	title={{Unsafe injections and the transmission of hepatitis B and C in a periurban community in Pakistan}}
		,
	author={{
			AKhan
		} and {
			JLuby
		} and {
			S
		} and {
			PFikree
		} and {
			FKarim
		} and {
			AObaid
		} and {
			SDellawala
		} and {
			SMirza
		} and {
			SMalik
		} and {
			TFisher-Hoch
		} and {
			SMccormick
		} and {
			J
		} and {
			B
		}}
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Bull W H Org}}
		
			78
			
			,
	year={2000}
		
	

}

@incollection{b19,
	
	
		,
	title={{Hepatits B surface antigenemia in patients on hemodialysis}}
		,
	author={{
			NKhokhar
		} and {
			FNaz
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Rawal Med J}}
		
			29
			
			,
	year={2004}
		
	

}

@incollection{b20,
	
	
		,
	title={{High HCV seroprevalence and HIV drug use risk behaviors among injection drug users in Pakistan}}
		,
	author={{
			IKuo
		} and {
			SUl-Hasan
		} and {
			NGalai
		} and {
			DThomas
		} and {
			LZafar
		} and {
			TAhmed
		} and {
			M
		} and {
			AStrathdee
		} and {
			S
		} and {
			A
		}}
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Harm Reduct J}}
		
			3
			26
			,
	year={2006}
		
	

}

@incollection{b21,
	
	
		,
	title={{A novel real-time PCR assay for determination of viral loads in person infected with hepatitis B virus}}
		,
	author={{
			GLi
		} and {
			WLi
		} and {
			FGuo
		} and {
			SXuc
		} and {
			NZhaod
		} and {
			SChena
		} and {
			LLiu
		}}
		
		
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{J Virol Meth}}
		
			165
			
			,
	year={2010}
		
	

}

@incollection{b22,
	
	
		,
	title={{Evaluation of blood bank practices in Karachi, Pakistan, and the government's response}}
		,
	author={{
			SLuby
		} and {
			RKhanani
		} and {
			MZia
		} and {
			ZVellani
		} and {
			MAli
		} and {
			AQureshi
		} and {
			HKhan
		} and {
			A
		} and {
			JAbdul Mujeeb
		} and {
			SShah
		} and {
			S
		} and {
			AFisher-Hoch
		} and {
			S
		}}
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Health Pol Plan}}
		
			15
			
			,
	year={2000}
		
	

}

@incollection{b23,
	
	
		,
	title={{Hepatitis B: an important public health issue}}
		,
	author={{
			WMaddrey
		} and {
			C
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{J Med Virol}}
		
			61
			
			,
	year={2000}
		
	

}

@incollection{b24,
	
	
		,
	title={{Marker of viral hepatitis in hemophiliacs}}
		,
	author={{
			NMalik
		} and {
			ZHussain
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Biomedica}}
		
			22
			
			,
	year={2006}
		
	

}

@incollection{b25,
	
	
		,
	title={{Marker of viral hepatitis in hemophiliacs}}
		,
	author={{
			NMalik
		} and {
			ZHussain
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Biomedica}}
		
			22
			
			,
	year={2006}
		
	

}

@incollection{b26,
	
	
		,
	title={{Sero prevalence of Hepatitis B and C in young Adults seeking recruitment in armed forces}}
		,
	author={{
			IMirza
		} and {
			AMirza
		} and {
			S
		} and {
			HIrfan
		} and {
			SSiddiqi
		} and {
			RTariq
		} and {
			W
		} and {
			Z
		} and {
			Asif
		}}
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Pak Armed Forces Med J}}
		
			56
			
			,
	year={2006}
		
	

}

@incollection{b27,
	
	
		,
	title={{Evaluation of blood bank practices in Karachi, Pakistan, and the government's response}}
		,
	author={{
			SMujeeb
		} and {
			SShah
		} and {
			AFisher-Hoch
		} and {
			S
		}}
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Health Pol Plan}}
		
			15
			
			,
	year={2000}
		
	

}

@book{b28,
	
	
		,
	title={{National Foundation for Infectious Diseases, Hepatitis B for Adults, Fact sheet}}
		
			,
	year={2012}
			28
		
	

}

@incollection{b29,
	
	
		,
	title={{Prevalence of hepatitis B virus genotype D in females in Karachi Pakistan}}
		,
	author={{
			SNoorali
		} and {
			SHakim
		} and {
			TMclean
		} and {
			DKazmi
		} and {
			S
		} and {
			UBagasra
		} and {
			O
		}}
		
		
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{J Infect Devel Count}}
		
			2
			1
			
			,
	year={2008}
		
	
	,
	note={Pathol}

}

@incollection{b30,
	
	
		,
	title={{Seroprevalence of hepatitis B and hepatitis C in health care workers in Abbottabad}}
		,
	author={{
			JSarwar
		} and {
			NGul
		} and {
			MIdris
		} and {
			ARehman
		} and {
			JFarid
		} and {
			Adell
		} and {
			M
		} and {
			Y
		}}
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad}}
		
			20
			
			,
	year={2008}
		
	

}

@incollection{b31,
	
	
		,
	title={{Prevalence of hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus infection in multitransfused thalassaemia major patients in North West Frontier Province}}
		,
	author={{
			SShah
		} and {
			M
		} and {
			AKhan
		} and {
			M
		} and {
			TZahour-Ullah
		} and {
			NAshfaq
		} and {
			Y
		}}
		
		
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Pak J Med Sci}}
		
			21
			
			,
	year={2005}
		
	

}

@incollection{b32,
	
	
		,
	title={{Hepatitis B and C: value of universal antenatal screening}}
		,
	author={{
			SSheikh
		} and {
			M
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{J Coll Physicians Surg Pak}}
		
			19
			
			,
	year={2009}
		
	

}

@incollection{b33,
	
	
		,
	title={{Unsafe injections in the developing world and transmission of bloodborne pathogens: a review}}
		,
	author={{
			LSimonsen
		} and {
			AKane
		} and {
			JLloyd
		} and {
			MZaffran
		} and {
			Kane
		} and {
			M
		}}
		
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Bull W H Org}}
		
			77
			
			,
	year={1999}
		
	

}

@incollection{b34,
	
	
		,
	title={{Epidemiological patterns and risk factors associated with hepatitis B virus in Pakistani population}}
		,
	author={{
			YWaheed
		} and {
			TRahat
		} and {
			BSafi
		} and {
			S
		} and {
			ZQadri
		} and {
			I
		}}
		
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Asian Biomedicine}}
		
			4
			4
			547
			,
	year={2010}
		
	

}

@incollection{b35,
	
	
		,
	title={{Awareness and risk factors associated with barbers in transmission of hepatitis B and C from Pakistani population: barber's role in viral transmission}}
		,
	author={{
			YWaheed
		} and {
			USaeed
		} and {
			SSafi
		} and {
			ZChaudhry
		} and {
			W
		} and {
			NQadri
		} and {
			I
		}}
		
		
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Asian Biomed}}
		
			4
			3
			
			,
	year={2010}
		
	

}

@incollection{b36,
	
	
		,
	title={{Hepatitis C virus in Pakistan: A systematic review of prevalence, genotypes and risk factors}}
		,
	author={{
			YWaheed
		} and {
			TShafi
		} and {
			SSafi
		} and {
			ZQadri
		} and {
			I
		}}
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{World J Gastroenterol}}
		
			15
			45
			
			,
	year={2009}
		
	

}

@book{b37,
	
	
		,
	title={{World Health Organization, Hepatitis C Fact sheet No}}
		
		
			,
	year={2000}
		
	

}

@book{b38,
	
	
		,
	title={{Review of National Immunization}}
		
			,
	year={2009. Coverage1980-2008}
		
	

}

@book{b39,
	
	
		,
	title={{}}
		,
	author={{
			Pakistan
		}}
		
		
	

}

@incollection{b40,
	
	
		,
	title={{World Health Organization.WHO country office in Pakistan}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Blood Safety}}
		
			,
	year={2009}
		
	

}

@incollection{b41,
	
	
		,
	title={{Antenatal screening for hepatitis B and C virus carrier state at a university hospital}}
		,
	author={{
			SYousfani
		} and {
			FMumtaz
		} and {
			AMemon
		} and {
			MMemon
		} and {
			ASikandar
		} and {
			R
		}}
		
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{J Lia Uni Med Health Sci}}
		
			5
			
			,
	year={2006}
		
	

}

@incollection{b42,
	
	
		,
	title={{Hepatitis B virus mutations associated with in situ expression of hepatitis B core antigen, viral load and prognosis in chronic hepatitis B patients}}
		,
	author={{
			RZhu
		} and {
			HZhang
		} and {
			HYu
		} and {
			HLi
		} and {
			YLing
		} and {
			QHu
		} and {
			X
		} and {
			QZhu
		} and {
			H
		} and {
			G
		}}
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Pathol Res Pract}}
		
			204
			
			,
	year={2008}
		
	

}