@incollection{,
	
					
					
					5E73BAFDD55C70D6EA3936BCCEC57183
				,
	author={{Herman S.Cheung} and {Carlos M.Carballosa} and {David J.Fernandez-Fidalgo} and {Herman S.Cheung} and {University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL}},
	journal={{Global Journal of Medical Research}},
	journal={{GJMR}}2249-46180975-588810.34257/GJMR,
	address={Cambridge, United States},
	publisher={Global Journals Organisation}141111
}

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		} and {
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	title={{Chronic neonatal nicotine upregulates heteromeric nicotinic acetylcholine receptor binding without change in subunit mRNA expression}}
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@incollection{b32,
	
	
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	title={{Nicotine effects on skin: Are they positive or negative}}
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	year={2004}
		
	

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		,
	title={{Maturation of the acetylcholine receptor in skeletal muscle: Regulation of the AChR ?-to-? switch}}
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			BJKlocke
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}

@incollection{b53,
	
	
		,
	title={{Dose released and absolute bioavailability of nicotine from a nicotine vapor inhaler}}
		,
	author={{
			LMolander
		} and {
			ELunell
		} and {
			S-Andersson
		} and {
			FKuylenstierna
		}}
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics}}
		
			59
			4
			
			,
	year={1996}
		
	

}

@incollection{b54,
	
	
		,
	title={{Nicotine alters MicroRNA expression and hinders human adult stem cell regenerative potential}}
		,
	author={{
			TKNg
		} and {
			CMCarballosa
		} and {
			DPelaez
		} and {
			HKWong
		} and {
			KWChoy
		} and {
			CPPang
		} and {
			HSCheung
		}}
		
		
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Stem Cells and Development}}
		
			22
			5
			
			,
	year={2013}
		
	

}

@incollection{b55,
	
	
		,
	title={{Relationship between smoking status and periodontal conditions: Findings from national databases in japan}}
		,
	author={{
			MOjima
		} and {
			THanioka
		} and {
			KTanaka
		} and {
			EInoshita
		} and {
			HAoyama
		}}
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Periodontal Research}}
		
			41
			6
			
			,
	year={2006}
		
	

}

@incollection{b56,
	
	
		,
	title={{Single-channel currents of rat neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors expressed in xenopus oocytes}}
		,
	author={{
			RLPapke
		} and {
			JBoulter
		} and {
			JPatrick
		} and {
			SHeinemann
		}}
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Neuron}}
		
			3
			5
			
			,
	year={1989}
		
	

}

@incollection{b57,
	
	
		,
	title={{The role of the ?4-subunit in determining the kinetic properties of rat neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine ?3-receptors}}
		,
	author={{
			RLPapke
		} and {
			SFHeinemann
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Physiology}}
		
			440
			
			,
	year={1991}
		
	

}

@incollection{b58,
	
	
		,
	title={{Chronic nicotine exposure attenuates proangiogenic activity on human umbilical vein endothelial cells}}
		,
	author={{
			HSPark
		} and {
			KCho
		} and {
			YJPark
		} and {
			TLee
		}}
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology}}
		
			57
			3
			
			,
	year={2011}
		
	

}

@incollection{b59,
	
	
		,
	title={{Effect of nicotine on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) migration and angiogenesis}}
		,
	author={{
			YJPark
		} and {
			TLee
		} and {
			JHa
		} and {
			IMJung
		} and {
			JKChung
		} and {
			SJKim
		}}
		
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Vascular Pharmacology}}
		
			49
			1
			
			,
	year={2008}
		
	

}

@incollection{b60,
	
	
		,
	title={{Increased nicotinic receptors in brains from smokers: Membrane binding and autoradiography studies}}
		,
	author={{
			DCPerry
		} and {
			MIDávila-García
		} and {
			CAStockmeier
		} and {
			KJKellar
		}}
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics}}
		
			289
			3
			
			,
	year={1999}
		
	

}

@incollection{b61,
	
	
		,
	title={{Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit knockout mice: Physiological and behavioral phenotypes and possible clinical implications}}
		,
	author={{
			MRPicciotto
		} and {
			BJCaldarone
		} and {
			DHBrunzell
		} and {
			VZachariou
		} and {
			TRStevens
		} and {
			SLKing
		}}
		
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Pharmacology and Therapeutics}}
		
			92
			2-3
			
			,
	year={2001}
		
	

}

@incollection{b62,
	
	
		,
	title={{The musculoskeletal effects of smoking}}
		,
	author={{
			SEPorter
		} and {
			ENHanleyJr
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons}}
		
			9
			1
			
			,
	year={2001}
		
	

}

@incollection{b63,
	
	
		,
	title={{Genetic variability in nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and nicotine addiction: Converging evidence from human and animal research}}
		,
	author={{
			GSPortugal
		} and {
			TJGould
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Behavioural Brain Research}}
		
			193
			1
			
			,
	year={2008}
		
	

}

@incollection{b64,
	
	
		,
	title={{Nicotine pharmacokinetics of nicoderm® (nicotine transdermal system) in women and obese men compared with normal-sized men}}
		,
	author={{
			RDPrather
		} and {
			TGTu
		} and {
			CNRolf
		} and {
			JGorsline
		}}
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Clinical Pharmacology}}
		
			33
			7
			
			,
	year={1993}
		
	

}

@incollection{b65,
	
	
		,
	title={{Role of acetylcholine receptors in proliferation and differentiation of P19 embryonal carcinoma cells}}
		,
	author={{
			RRResende
		} and {
			ASAlves
		} and {
			LR GBritto
		} and {
			HUlrich
		}}
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Experimental Cell Research}}
		
			314
			7
			
			,
	year={2008}
		
	

}

@incollection{b66,
	
	
		,
	title={{Expression of the nicotinic receptor ?7 gene in tendon and periosteum during early development}}
		,
	author={{
			SJRomano
		} and {
			RACorriveau
		} and {
			RISchwarz
		} and {
			DKBerg
		}}
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Neurochemistry}}
		
			68
			2
			
			,
	year={1997}
		
	

}

@incollection{b67,
	
	
		,
	title={{The effect of nicotine on the mechanical properties of mesenchymal stem cells}}
		,
	author={{
			JPRuiz
		} and {
			DPelaez
		} and {
			JDias
		} and {
			NMZiebarth
		} and {
			HSCheung
		}}
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Cell Health and Cytoskeleton}}
		
			4
			
			,
	year={2012}
		
	

}

@incollection{b68,
	
	
		,
	title={{The nicotine inhaler clinical pharmacokinetics and comparison with other nicotine treatments}}
		,
	author={{
			NGSchneider
		} and {
			REOlmstead
		} and {
			MAFranzon
		} and {
			ELunell
		}}
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Clinical Pharmacokinetics}}
		
			40
			9
			
			,
	year={2001}
		
	

}

@incollection{b69,
	
	
		,
	title={{Alpha 7 subunit of nAChR regulates migration of human mesenchymal stem cells}}
		,
	author={{
			IUSchraufstatter
		} and {
			RGDiscipio
		} and {
			SKKhaldoyanidi
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Stem Cells}}
		
			4
			4
			
			,
	year={2009}
		
	

}

@incollection{b70,
	
	
		,
	title={{Nicotinic receptor signaling in nonexcitable cells}}
		,
	author={{
			GSharma
		} and {
			SVijayaraghavan
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Neurobiology}}
		
			53
			4
			
			,
	year={2002}
		
	

}

@incollection{b71,
	
	
		,
	title={{Dose-dependent effects of nicotine on proliferation and differentiation of human bone marrow stromal cells and the antagonistic action of vitamin C}}
		,
	author={{
			YShen
		} and {
			H-Liu
		} and {
			X-Ying
		} and {
			S-Yang
		} and {
			P-Nie
		} and {
			S-Cheng
		} and {
			..Xu
		} and {
			H-
		}}
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Cellular Biochemistry}}
		
			114
			8
			
			,
	year={2013}
		
	

}

@incollection{b72,
	
	
		,
	title={{Effects of cigarette smoke and nicotine on cell viability, migration and myofibroblastic differentiation}}
		,
	author={{
			DSilva
		} and {
			MCáceres
		} and {
			RArancibia
		} and {
			CMartínez
		} and {
			JMartínez
		} and {
			PCSmith
		}}
		
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Periodontal Research}}
		
			47
			5
			
			,
	year={2012}
		
	

}

@incollection{b73,
	
	
		,
	title={{The effects of smoking on fracture healing}}
		,
	author={{
			ASloan
		} and {
			IHussain
		} and {
			MMaqsood
		} and {
			OEremin
		} and {
			MEl-Sheemy
		}}
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Surgeon}}
		
			8
			2
			
			,
	year={2010}
		
	

}

@incollection{b74,
	
	
		,
	title={{Effects of cigarette smoke on the immune system}}
		,
	author={{
			MSopori
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Nature Reviews Immunology}}
		
			2
			5
			
			,
	year={2002}
		
	

}

@incollection{b75,
	
	
		,
	title={{Joint abuse liability review of nicotine nasal spray}}
		,
	author={{
			RStevens
		}}
	
	
		,
	booktitle={{FDA Drug Abuse Advisory Committee Background Information}}
				
			,
	year={1994}
		
	
	,
	note={cited in NDA 18612}

}

@incollection{b76,
	
	
		,
	title={{Mechanisms for redox actions of nicotine and glutathione in cell culture, relevant to periodontitis}}
		,
	author={{
			FTinti
		} and {
			MSoory
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Scientific Reports}}
		
			2
			
			,
	year={2012}
		
	

}

@incollection{b77,
	
	
		,
	title={{Simultaneous determination of nicotine and cotinine in various human tissues using capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry}}
		,
	author={{
			NUrakawa
		} and {
			TNagata
		} and {
			KKudo
		} and {
			KKimura
		} and {
			TImamura
		}}
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{International Journal of Legal Medicine}}
		
			106
			5
			
			,
	year={1994}
		
	

}

@incollection{b78,
	
	
		,
	title={{Nicotine stimulates DNA synthesis and proliferation in vascular endothelial cells in vitro}}
		,
	author={{
			ACVillablanca
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Applied Physiology}}
		
			84
			6
			
			,
	year={1998}
		
	

}

@incollection{b79,
	
	
		,
	title={{Nicotinic regulation of c-fos and osteopontin expression in human-derived osteoblast-like cells and human trabecular bone organ culture}}
		,
	author={{
			LMWalker
		} and {
			MRPreston
		} and {
			JLMagnay
		} and {
			PB MThomas
		} and {
			AJHaj
		}}
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Bone}}
		
			28
			6
			
			,
	year={2001}
		
	

}

@incollection{b80,
	
	
		,
	title={{Importance of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor system in the prefrontal cortex}}
		,
	author={{
			TLWallace
		} and {
			DBertrand
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Biochemical Pharmacology}}
		
			85
			12
			
			,
	year={2013}
		
	

}

@book{b81,
	
	
		,
	title={{Functional expression of ?7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in human periodontal ligament fibroblasts and rat}}
		,
	author={{
			X-Wang
		} and {
			Y-Liu
		} and {
			Q-Wang
		} and {
			MTsuruoka
		} and {
			KOhta
		} and {
			S-Wu
		} and {
			..Inoue
		} and {
			T
		}}
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
			,
	year={2010}
		
	

}