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\title{Reconstruction of Mandible by Free fibula Vascular Graft after Total Mandibulectomy-A Case Report}
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\begin{document}

             \author[1]{Dr. Shruthi D  K}

             \author[2]{Prof Dr. Chetan B  I}

             \author[3]{Dr. Karthik  B}

             \affil[1]{  RGUHS}

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\date{\small \em Received: 12 December 2013 Accepted: 5 January 2014 Published: 15 January 2014}

\maketitle


\begin{abstract}
        


Reconstruction of mandible is important to provide good functionul ,and cosmetic result afterresection of the bony lesions involving large area of the mandible. The purpose of primary reconstruction is to avoid the collapse of maxillomandibular alignment due to scarring and fibrosis. Primary reconstruction by micro vascular bone grafting has been considered as the gold standard treatment optionl.1,2 The patients are rehabilitated functionally to minimize the functional disturbances thus the patient's psychological aspects as well as the quality of the life also improve. However local facilities for surgery, surgical morbidities,medically compromised condition of the patient, infection, cost and various other parameters may not often permit this. In this instance, reconstruction plate plays a major role as a preliminary option which avoids all the esthetic and functional deformities and further maintains a reasonable facial contour. 3,4. Spontaneous bone regeneration in young individuals after segmental resection of mandible has been sporadically reported. This case reports spontaneous regeneration of the mandible in a 25 year old Indian patient who underwent total mandibulectomy preserving the bilateral condyle and stabilized with indigenous, titanium plate for an extensive resection of Odontogenickeratocyst.

\end{abstract}


\keywords{mandibulectomy, odontogenickeratocyst, fibula vascular graft.}

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\let\tabcellsep& 	 	 		 
\section[{Introduction}]{Introduction}\par
esection of the mandible and immediate reconstruction with autogenous bone graft are widely used in the treatment of odontogenickeratocyst involving a large section of the mandible. The purpose of reconstruction is mainly to rehabilitate the patient esthetically by improving the contour of the mandible, thereby minimizing facial deformity from the defect. The patient is rehabilitated functionally and the occlusal disturbance is minimized.\par
Primary reconstruction by bone grafting is usually advocated at the time of surgery for various reasons. The access to the surgical site is optimal because there is no fibrosis of the graft bed. However, local facilities for surgery, infection, and patients' general condition may not often permit this. Extensive bone regeneration that reconstitutes 50\% \hyperref[b4]{5,}\hyperref[b5]{6} or greater than 50\% of the mandible \hyperref[b6]{[7]}\hyperref[b7]{[8]}\hyperref[b8]{[9]}\hyperref[b9]{[10]} after injury involving a segment of mandible have been reported previously. There is, however, no reported case in which a whole mandible regenerates with condyles. This study presents a rare case of spontaneous regeneration of a whole mandible in a 25 year-old Indian patient who had total mandibulectomy for an extensive case of odontogenickeratocyst. 
\section[{II.}]{II.} 
\section[{Report of a Case}]{Report of a Case}\par
A 25 year-old boy reported to Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinic complaining of slow growing Swelling over a left Jaw on both sides. Since, 1 and half years.On general examination patient was moderately built and moderately nourished.Local Examination: There was diffused boney hard swelling extending from right side ramus of mandible to the left side ramus of mandible. Intra oraly there was expansion of cortical plate from ramus to ramus.\par
The swelling gave an eggshell cracking sensation non palpation.\par
Radiographic examination of the mandible showed multiple radiolucencies involving lower border of mandible from right ramus to left ramus .OPG reveals huge multiple radiolucencies involving lower border of mandible from right ramus to left ramus.\par
An incissional biopsy was done with thorough curratage of the lesion under general anaesthesia biopsy report came as odontogenickeratocyst.Patient was planned for resection and reconstruction of the complete lower Jaw which was affected.\par
Lesion Asymptomatic, circumscribed, radiolucent area associated with the unerupted mandibular right third molar. a) Our differential diagnosis includes dentigerous cyst, keratocyst, ameloblastoma, ameloblastic fibroma, odontogenic fibroma, adenomatoidodontogenic tumor, calcifying epithelial odontogenictumor,ameloblastic fibro-odontoma, and calcifying odontogenic cyst.\par
Histologically, we see a lining of parakeratinized stratified squamous epithelium. The basal cell layer of the epithelium exhibits columnar nuclei that are pallisaded or lined up like a picket fence.\par
Under general anesthesia with nasoendotracheal intubation GA was induced. Incision was made from right angle of mandible to the left angle of mandible. Bone was exposed and affected part was resected and titanium reconstruction plate was inserted and fixed to the right condyle to left condyle. Wound was closed in layers. Patient recovered uneventfully. Then the tissue was sent for the biopsy and report was odontogenicKerotocyst. Patient was followed for three months for every fifteen days and regular OPG Xrays were taken to observe any recurrence of the lesion then after confirming there is no recurrence patient was taken up for another surgery and free fibula vascular graft was put. And patient recovered uneventfully. Further dental implants and complete oral rehabilitation is planned after one year. 
\section[{III.}]{III.} 
\section[{Discussion}]{Discussion}\par
New bone formation can take place thtough the process of osteogenesisosteoinduction andOsteoconduction \hyperref[b10]{11} . Periosteum plays a very important role in new bone formation and it is important to preserve it during surgery. There are reports that suggest even irtadiatedperiosreum still has some osteogenic potential. Ruggerio and Donoff reported a case of spontaneous regeneration of the mandible after irtadiation. The case described in this study supports the important role of periosteum in spontaneous regeneration. Spontaneous regeneration of a large portion of the mandible had been reported after subtotal mandibulectomy of hemimandibulectomy. The factors favouring the new bone regeneration are age of the patients, preservation of the periosteum, absence of infection and decreased tension in the bone. Cases of spontaneous regeneration of the mandible reported in the literature are in young individuals with age range from 5 to 11 \hyperref[b11]{12} .\par
It is the authors assumption that the muscle forces act along the central long axis of the condyle, so that placing the reconstrucrion plate behind the condyle gives more stability for the condyle anatomically than placing latetally. Immediate postoperarive CT Radiographs also showed that the condvles were in normal anatomical position . Furtherstudies are recommended to prove the authors assumption. It is well known that periosteum is a good source for boneformation. During resection the periosteum should be preserved if it is not involved with the lesion.		 		\backmatter  			  				\begin{bibitemlist}{1}
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\bibitem[Van Minnen et al. ()]{b3}\label{b3} 	 		‘Longterm functional outcome of mandibular reconstruction with stainless steel Aoreconsructionplates’.  		 			B Van Minnen 		,  		 			J M Nauta 		,  		 			A Vermey 		,  		 			Roodenburg 		.  	 	 		\textit{British Journal of Oral \& maxillofacial Surgery}  		2002. 40 p. .  	 
\bibitem[Orthopantomogram showing the resection of the mandible and fixing the titanium reconstruction plate 3. post operative regeneration after placement of graft]{b12}\label{b12} 	 		\textit{Orthopantomogram showing the resection of the mandible and fixing the titanium reconstruction plate 3. post operative regeneration after placement of graft},  		 	 
\bibitem[Je Ffrey ()]{b1}\label{b1} 	 		‘Predictive Factors for Functional Recovery after free tissue transfer Oromandibular Reconstruction’.  		 			D Je Ffrey 		.  	 	 		\textit{The American Journal of surgery}  		1998. 176 p. .  	 
\bibitem[Adekeye ()]{b6}\label{b6} 	 		‘Rapid bone regeneration subsequent to subtotal mandibulectomy’.  		 			E O Adekeye 		.  	 	 		\textit{Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol}  		1997. 44 p. 521.  	 	 (Report of an unusual case) 
\bibitem[Whitmyer et al. ()]{b4}\label{b4} 	 		‘Spontaneous regeneration of a resected mandible in a preadolescent. A clinical report’.  		 			C C Whitmyer 		,  		 			S J Esposito 		,  		 			J D Smith 		.  	 	 		\textit{J Prosthet Dent}  		1996. 75 p. 356.  	 
\bibitem[Mamoru et al. ()]{b5}\label{b5} 	 		‘Spontaneous regeneration of condyle following hemimandibulectomy by disarticulation’.  		 			N Mamoru 		,  		 			U Ken 		,  		 			S Ichiro 		.  	 	 		\textit{J Oral MaxillofacSurg}  		1985. 43.  	 
\bibitem[Park et al. ()]{b9}\label{b9} 	 		‘Spontaneous regeneration of the lateral malleolus after traumatic loss in a three-year-old boy: A case report with seven-year follow-up’.  		 			H W Park 		,  		 			H J Kim 		,  		 			B M Park 		.  	 	 		\textit{J Bone Joint Surg}  		1997. 79 p. 66.  	 
\bibitem[Patk et al. ()]{b11}\label{b11} 	 		‘Spontaneous regeneration of the lateral malleous after traumatic loss in a three-year old: A case report with seven year follow-up’.  		 			H W Patk 		,  		 			H J Kim 		,  		 			Park Bm 		.  	 	 		\textit{J bone joint surgery British journal}  		1997. 79 p. 66.  	 
\bibitem[Nwoku ()]{b7}\label{b7} 	 		‘Unusually rapid bone regeneration following mandibular resection’.  		 			L Nwoku 		.  	 	 		\textit{J MaxillofacSurg}  		1980. 8 p. 257.  	 
\end{bibitemlist}
 			 		 	 
\end{document}
