@incollection{,
	
					
					
					A3C4EBF3F52D3932139487C742FEFD77
				,
	author={{Godwill AzehEngwa}},
	journal={{Global Journal of Medical Research}},
	journal={{GJMR}}2249-46180975-588810.34257/GJMR,
	address={Cambridge, United States},
	publisher={Global Journals Organisation}1512128
}

@incollection{b0,
	
	
		,
	title={{Trends in infectious diseases mortality in the United States}}
		,
	author={{
			RSPinner
		} and {
			LTeutsch
		} and {
			LSimonsen
		} and {
			JKlug
		} and {
			MGraber
		} and {
			RBerkelman
		}}
		
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{J Am Med Assoc}}
		
			275
			
			,
	year={1996}
		
	

}

@incollection{b1,
	
	
		,
	title={{Mortality by cause for eight regions of the world: global burden of disease study}}
		,
	author={{
			CJMurry
		} and {
			ADLopez
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Lancet}}
		
			349
			
			,
	year={1997}
		
	

}

@book{b2,
	
	
		,
	title={{An introduction to infectious diseases}}
		,
	author={{
			SShira
		}}
		
			,
	year={2008. 24 January 2008}
		
	

}

@book{b3,
	
	
		,
	title={{Epidermiology of Infectious disease: General principles}}
		,
	author={{
			ENKenrad
		}}
		08/10/2014
		
			,
	year={2014}
		
	

}

@incollection{b4,
	
	
		,
	title={{Antimicrobial screening of stem bark extracts of Vitellaria paradoxa against some enteric pathogenic micro-organisms}}
		,
	author={{
			AMEl-Mahmood
		} and {
			JHDoughari
		} and {
			NLadan
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Afr J Pharm Pharmacol}}
		
			2
			5
			
			,
	year={2008}
		
	

}

@book{b5,
	
	
		,
	title={{Antimicrobial drug resistance. World Health Organisation secretariat}}
		
			,
	year={2013}
		
	

}

@incollection{b6,
	
	
		,
	title={{Yogeshwer S. Herbal Medicine: Current Status and the Future}}
		,
	author={{
			KPSanjoy
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev}}
		
			4
			
			,
	year={2003}
		
	

}

@incollection{b7,
	
	
		,
	title={{Use of Herbal Medicines and Implications for Conventional Drug Therapy Medical Sciences. Alternative and Integrative Medicine}}
		,
	author={{
			JORivera
		} and {
			AMLoya
		} and {
			RCeballos
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Altern Integ Med}}
		
			2
			6
			,
	year={2013}
		
	

}

@incollection{b8,
	
	
		,
	title={{Traditional Medicine and Pharmacopoeia: Contribution to the Revision ethanobotanical and floristic studies in Ghana}}
		,
	author={{
			NRMshana
		} and {
			DKAbbiw
		} and {
			IAddae-Mensah
		} and {
			EAdjanohoun
		} and {
			MraAhyi
		}}
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Organization of African Unity/Scientific, Technical and Research Commission}}
		
			
			,
	year={2014. 2014}
		
	
	,
	note={1st edition. Accessed online}

}

@incollection{b9,
	
	
		,
	title={{Evaluation of Nigerian traditional medicines: II. Effects of some folk remedies on peptic ulcer}}
		,
	author={{
			PAAkah
		} and {
			OEOrisakwe
		} and {
			KSGamaniel
		} and {
			AShittu
		}}
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{J Ethanopharm}}
		
			62
			
			,
	year={1998}
		
	

}

@incollection{b10,
	
	
		,
	title={{Natural products as an alternative remedy}}
		,
	author={{
			AJBouquet
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Royal Botanic Gardens}}
		
			,
	year={1969}
		
	
	,
	note={24th Ed}

}

@incollection{b11,
	
	
		,
	title={{Study of Tropical shrubs and plant}}
		,
	author={{
			TAbbiw
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{J. Biogeorge}}
		
			23
			
			,
	year={1990}
		
	

}

@incollection{b12,
	
	
		,
	title={{Anticonvulsant effects of a leaf extract of Ficus exasperata Vahl (Moraceae) in Mice}}
		,
	author={{
			HMBurkill
		} and {
			UKLondon
		} and {
			EWoode
		} and {
			RAPoku
		} and {
			WkmAbotsi
		}}
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Royal Botanic Gardens Kew}}
		
			7
			3
			
			,
	year={1997. 2011}
		
	
	,
	note={Int J Pharm}

}

@incollection{b13,
	
	
		,
	title={{The maximal electroshock seizure (MES) model in the preclinical assessment of potential new antiepileptic drugs}}
		,
	author={{
			WmkAbotsi
		} and {
			EWoode
		} and {
			AAinooson
		} and {
			AAmo-Baromah
		} and {
			EBoakye-Gyasi
		} and {
			MMCastel-Branco
		} and {
			GLAlves
		} and {
			IVFigueiredo
		} and {
			ACFalcao
		} and {
			MMCaramona
		}}
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Methods, Find. Exp Clin Pharm}}
		
			31
			
			,
	year={2010. 2009}
		
	
	,
	note={Antiathritic and antioxidant effects of the leaf extract of Ficus 17}

}

@incollection{b14,
	
	
		,
	title={{Acute effect of administration of ethanol extracts of Ficus exasperata Vahl (Moraceae) on kidney function in Albino rats}}
		,
	author={{
			IIIjeh
		} and {
			AIUkweni
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{J Med Plant Res}}
		
			1
			
			,
	year={2007}
		
	

}

@incollection{b15,
	
	
		,
	title={{An evaluation of the antiinflammatory, anti-pyretic, and antinociceptive effects of Ficus exasperata Vahl leaf extract}}
		,
	author={{
			EWoode
		} and {
			RAPoku
		} and {
			GKAinooson
		} and {
			EBoakye-Gyasi
		} and {
			WkmAbotsi
		} and {
			TLMensah
		} and {
			AKAmo-Baromah
		}}
		
		
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{J Pharm Toxicol}}
		
			4
			
			,
	year={2009}
		
	

}

@incollection{b16,
	
	
		,
	title={{Antibacterial activity of ethanolic leaf extract of Ficus exasperata on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus albus}}
		,
	author={{
			OAOdunbaku
		} and {
			OAIlusanya
		} and {
			KSAkasoro
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Scientific Res Essay}}
		
			3
			11
			
			,
	year={2008}
		
	

}

@incollection{b17,
	
	
		,
	title={{Pharmacognosy and Hypotensive evaluation of Ficus exasperata Vahl (moraceae) leave}}
		,
	author={{
			AABuniyamin
		} and {
			KiqEric
		} and {
			CAFabian
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica-Drug Research}}
		
			64
			6
			
			,
	year={2007}
		
	

}

@incollection{b18,
	
	
		,
	title={{Constituents of Ficus exasperata leaves}}
		,
	author={{
			MOSonibare
		} and {
			AOIsiaka
		} and {
			MWTaruka
		} and {
			NSWilliams
		} and {
			MSoladoye
		} and {
			OEmmanuel
		}}
		
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Natural product communications}}
		
			
			,
	year={2006}
		
	

}

@incollection{b19,
	
	
		,
	title={{Synergy and other interactions in phytomedicines}}
		,
	author={{
			EMWilliamson
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Phytomed}}
		
			8
			
			,
	year={2001}
		
	

}

@incollection{b20,
	
	
		,
	title={{What is synergy?}}
		,
	author={{
			MCBerenbaum
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Pharmacol. Rev}}
		
			41
			
			,
	year={1989}
		
	

}

@incollection{b21,
	
	
		,
	title={{Comparative Qualitative Analysis of the Phytochemical Load of Water, Methanol, Ethyl Acetate and Hexane Extracts of Six Selected Medicinal Plants}}
		,
	author={{
			AGEngwa
		} and {
			PNnamdi
		} and {
			JCNnadi
		} and {
			TIOffor
		} and {
			BCEze
		}}
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Int J Pharmacog Phytochem Res}}
		
			5
			3
			
			,
	year={2013}
		
	

}

@incollection{b22,
	
	
		,
	title={{Comparison of extracts prepared from plant by products using different solvents and extraction time}}
		,
	author={{
			BLapornik
		} and {
			MProsek
		} and {
			AGWondra
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Food Engineering}}
		
			71
			
			,
	year={2005}
		
	

}

@incollection{b23,
	
	
		,
	title={{Evaluations of the methanolic extract of Ficus exasperata stem, bark, leaf and root for phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial activities}}
		,
	author={{
			EAdebayo
		} and {
			Ishiola
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Afr. J. Plant Sci}}
		
			3
			12
			
			,
	year={2009}
		
	

}

@incollection{b24,
	
	
		,
	title={{Antimicrobial potential of Diospyros mesiliforus (Ebenaceae) Afr}}
		,
	author={{
			BAAdeniyi
		} and {
			HAOdelola
		} and {
			BAOso
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{J. Med. Sci}}
		
			255
			
			,
	year={1996}
		
	

}

@book{b25,
	
	
		,
	title={{}}
		,
	author={{
			JRobbers
		} and {
			MSpeedie
		} and {
			VTyler
		}}
		
		
		
			,
	year={1996}
			,
	publisher={Pharmacognosy and Pharmacobiotechnology}
		
	

}

@book{b26,
	
	
		,
	title={{}}
		,
	author={{
			WilkinsWilliams
		}}
		
			
		
	

}

@book{b27,
	
	
		,
	title={{Medicinal And traditional medicine in Africa}}
		,
	author={{
			AESofawa
		}}
		
			,
	year={1993}
			2
			
		
	
	,
	note={Spectrum Books Ltd}

}

@incollection{b28,
	
	
		,
	title={{Braille TRida Canada Macmillan Publishers}}
		,
	author={{
			GETrease
		} and {
			WCEvans
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Pharmacognosy}}
		
			257
			,
	year={1989}
		
	
	,
	note={Canada}

}

@book{b29,
	
	
		,
	title={{Methods of plants analysis}}
		,
	author={{
			JBHarbone
		}}
		
			,
	year={1973}
			,
	publisher={Phytochemical Methods Chapman and Hall London}
		
	

}

@incollection{b30,
	
	
		,
	title={{Effects of Ficus Exasperata Vahl on Common Dermatophytes and Causative Agent of Pityriasis Versicolor in Rivers State}}
		,
	author={{
			CMbakwem-Aniebo
		} and {
			OOnianwa
		} and {
			IOOkonko
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Nigeria. Am J Dermatol and Venereol}}
		
			1
			1
			
			,
	year={2012}
		
	

}

@incollection{b31,
	
	
		,
	title={{Assessment techniques of antimicrobial properties of natural compounds of plant origin: current methods and future trends}}
		,
	author={{
			NSNcube
		} and {
			AJAfolayan
		} and {
			AIOkoh
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Afr J Biotech}}
		
			7
			12
			
			,
	year={2008}
		
	

}

@incollection{b32,
	
	
		,
	title={{Techniques for evaluation of medicinal plant products as antimicrobial agent: Current methods and future trends}}
		,
	author={{
			KDas
		} and {
			RksTiwari
		} and {
			DKShrivastava
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{J Med Plants Res}}
		
			4
			2
			
			,
	year={2010}
		
	

}

@incollection{b33,
	
	
		,
	title={{Anti-diarrhoeal, antispasmodic and phytochemical properties of ethanol extract of the leaves of Ficus exasperate}}
		,
	author={{
			FAChinedu
		} and {
			UUyai
		} and {
			AUEmezie
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Asian J. Res. Pharm. Sci}}
		
			2
			1
			
			,
	year={2012}
		
		
			AU
		
	
	,
	note={Utoh-Nedosa}

}

@incollection{b34,
	
	
		,
	title={{Evaluation of Extract of Ficus Exasperata Vahl Root Bark for Antimicrobial Activities Against Some Strains of Clinical Isolates of Bacteria and Fungi}}
		,
	author={{
			IOLawal
		} and {
			TIBorokini
		} and {
			AOyeleye
		} and {
			OAWilliams
		} and {
			JOOlayemi
		}}
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Int J Modern Botany}}
		
			2
			1
			
			,
	year={2012}
		
	

}

@incollection{b35,
	
	
		,
	title={{Antimicrobial activity and phytochemical screening of stem bark extracts from Jatropha curcas (Linn)}}
		,
	author={{
			OOIgbinosa1
		} and {
			EOIgbinosa
		} and {
			OAAiyegoro
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Afr J Pharm and Pharmacol}}
		
			3
			2
			
			,
	year={2009}
		
	

}

@book{b36,
	
	
		,
	title={{Comparison of different extraction methods for the extraction of major bioactive flavonoid compounds from spearmint (Mentha spicata L.) leaves. Food Bioprod Process}}
		,
	author={{
			MBimakr
		}}
		
			,
	year={2010}
			
		
	

}

@incollection{b37,
	
	
		,
	title={{Which extractant should be used for the screening and isolation of antimicrobial components from plants}}
		,
	author={{
			JNEloff
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{J Ethnopharm}}
		
			60
			
			,
	year={1998}
		
	

}

@book{b38,
	
	
		,
	title={{Extraction Technologies for Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. International centre for science and high technology}}
		,
	author={{
			SSHanda
		} and {
			SpsKhanuja
		} and {
			GLongo
		} and {
			DDRakesh
		}}
		
		
		
		
			,
	year={2008}
			
			,
	address={Trieste}
		
	

}

@book{b39,
	
	
		,
	title={{In vivo anthelmintic activity of five alkaloids from Macleaya microcarpa (Maxim) Fedde}}
		,
	author={{
			GXWang
		}}
		
			,
	year={2010}
		
	

}