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\setlength{\parindent}{0pt}\raggedright \textcolor{GJMediumGrey}{\rule{\textwidth}{2pt}} \vskip16pt \textcolor{GJBlue}{\large\bfseries\abstractname\space} }{% \vskip8pt \textcolor{GJMediumGrey}{\rule{\textwidth}{2pt}} \vskip16pt } \usepackage[absolute,overlay]{textpos} \makeatother \usepackage{lineno} \linenumbers \begin{document} \author[1]{Dr. N.Shanmuga vadivoo} \author[2]{Dr. B.Usha M.D} \author[3]{Dr.B.K Padmavathi M.D} \affil[1]{ Annapoorana medical college} \renewcommand\Authands{ and } \date{\small \em Received: 11 December 2014 Accepted: 3 January 2015 Published: 15 January 2015} \maketitle \begin{abstract} Introduction & back ground: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) develops with the inappropriate use, which includes the wrong indication, mode of use, and the poor adherence of the prescribed drugs. Knowledge is the first step in modifying behaviour in relation to physician's adherence to antibiotics prescription practice.Methods: We did a cross sectional survey of 737 doctors at three tertiary care teaching hospital to assess their Knowledge, perception and attitude regarding Antimicrobial resistance. Anaesthetists, Pre & para clinical doctors who were general practitioners also participated in the survey.Results: About 93% of doctors strongly agreed /agreed that AMR is a worldwide problem; only 75% rated that it's a problem in their institution. Nearly 85% doctors believed that inappropriate antibiotics use were important cause of Resistance. Also only 81% agreed that poor infection control measures & poor isolation precautions contribute to AMR. Another survey following a CME showed that educational intervention plays an important role in updating clinicians AMR knowledge. \end{abstract} \keywords{antimicrobial resistance, KAP survey, } \begin{textblock*}{18cm}(1cm,1cm) % {block width} (coords) \textcolor{GJBlue}{\LARGE Global Journals \LaTeX\ JournalKaleidoscope\texttrademark} \end{textblock*} \begin{textblock*}{18cm}(1.4cm,1.5cm) % {block width} (coords) \textcolor{GJBlue}{\footnotesize \\ Artificial Intelligence formulated this projection for compatibility purposes from the original article published at Global Journals. However, this technology is currently in beta. \emph{Therefore, kindly ignore odd layouts, missed formulae, text, tables, or figures.}} \end{textblock*} \let\tabcellsep& \section[{I. Introduction ntimicrobial resistance (AMR) a global problem is particularly pressing in developing countries}]{I. Introduction ntimicrobial resistance (AMR) a global problem is particularly pressing in developing countries}\par where the Health care associated infection (HCAI) burden is high and cost constrains the replacement of older antibiotics with newer, more expensive ones. Several studies \hyperref[b0]{(1)}\hyperref[b1]{(2)}\hyperref[b2]{(3)}\hyperref[b3]{(4)} have identified the inappropriate use of antimicrobials and noncompliance with infection control precautions as the main risk factors associated with an increased probability of colonization with resistant pathogens and there by Antimicrobial resistance. Hence management of common and lethal Anaesthetists, Pre \& para clinical doctors who were general bacterial infections has been critically compromised by the rapid appearance \& spread of these antibioticresistant bacteria \hyperref[b4]{(5)} . The pipeline of antibiotic research and development is nearly dry, especially when it comes to antibiotics active against Gram-negative bacteria \hyperref[b5]{(6)} . The bacterial disease burden in India is among the highest in the world ; consequently, antibiotics play a critical role in limiting morbidity and mortality in the country. This has led to increasing use of newer antibiotics and ultimately ended up with increased prevalence rates of Multi drug resistant bacteria. Though we all know that Abuse, overuse \& Misuse of antibiotics have exacerbated Antibiotic resistance, resistance development is a natural unstoppable process. Hence our challenge is to slow the rate at which resistance develops \& spreads. Combating Antimicrobial resistance calls for a concerted approach from individuals to global levels involving various organisations like CDC , WHO, Health ministry of India and other organisations \hyperref[b5]{[6,}\hyperref[b6]{7]} . These organizations recommends all the health care facilities to have their own Antibiotic policy based on Local Cumulative antibiogram \hyperref[b7]{(8)} and to implement antibiotic stewardship programme \hyperref[b8]{(9)} accordingly to combat the most prevalent MDR pathogens at their own hospital settings. \section[{II. Background}]{II. Background}\par Many strategies have been proposed for the rational use of antibiotics, like a formulary replacement or restriction, health care provider education, feedback activities, approval requirement from an infectious disease specialist for the drug prescription \hyperref[b8]{[9]} . Various studies which were done in India and other developed countries have highlighted the importance of rational drug therapy through educational interventions, strict antibiotic policy and Stewardship \hyperref[b8]{(9,} {\ref 10,}\hyperref[b9]{11)}. knowledge about the driving forces behind antibiotics prescription followed by educational intervention plays a very important role. The assessment is usually done by Knowledge, perception \& attitude survey based on LIKERTs scale. Studies on clinicians' attitude towards Knowledge, perception of Antimicrobial resistance have been published in both Community and Hospital settings \hyperref[b10]{[12]}\hyperref[b11]{[13]}\hyperref[b13]{[14]}\hyperref[b14]{[15]}\hyperref[b15]{[16]}\hyperref[b16]{[17]}\hyperref[b17]{[18]}\hyperref[b18]{[19]}\hyperref[b19]{[20]}\hyperref[b20]{[21]}\hyperref[b21]{[22]} . Some of these studies have shown poor correlation between knowledge and practice. Hence the purpose of this study is to conduct a survey to assess and explore Knowledge, attitude \& Perception of clinicians' towards antimicrobial resistance at three tertiary care centre. \section[{III. Material \& Methods}]{III. Material \& Methods}\par This study is a cross sectional survey from three tertiary care teaching hospitals during 2014.All the three are located in suburban areas with 530, 900 \& 300 beds respectively. Clinicians of above mentioned three tertiary care centres belonging to following specialities like General medicine, Surgery, Obstetrics Gynaecology, Paediatrics, Orthopaedics and super specialities like Nephrology, Urology, Paediatric surgery and Resident doctors working in all the above mentioned speciality participated. Anaesthesia \&Para clinical doctors who were general practitioners also participated in the survey.\par The Study instrument: The survey was carried out with a structured, validated, anonymous questionnaire encompassing sessions to assess Knowledge \& perception of Clinicians towards Antibiotic Resistance. The Questionnaire was reviewed by Institutional Ethical Committee team to assess the relevance \& Wordings of questions. The willing participants were approached individually and were requested to fill in the questionnaire anonymously. The Questionnaire was distributed onsite during working hours. No incentives for subjects to participate and no reminders were given.\par The response to questionnaire was assessed in FIVE point Likert scale ranging from strongly agrees to strongly disagree. Briefly the questionnaire consisted of ? Professional profile of area of speciality, staff position, experience in that speciality. ? Section-1-Question pertaining to knowledge about Antimicrobial resistance like awareness at Global, national level and community level. \section[{IV. Results}]{IV. Results}\par A total of 737 doctors filled in the questionnaire. An overview of the professional profile of the 737 participantsare given in Fiure-1. The staff position and years of experience in that particular field shown in Table \hyperref[tab_0]{-1} \section[{V. Discussion}]{V. Discussion}\par One of the emerging public health problems is AMR and no effective first line drugs exist for resistant pathogens. Inappropriate Antibiotics use \& Infection control noncompliance has been primary attributes for dramatic raise in antimicrobial resistance.\par The present study describes the results of a KAP-survey among 737 medical doctors (From all the specialities) practicing in three tertiary care teaching hospitals .Our study was done to assess the knowledge, attitude and the perception among the practitioners at a hospital setting towards a rational use of antibiotics.\par The awareness of AMR problem worldwide, national \& Institutional level and in their practice by clinicians at three centres varied .In our study significant percentage of clinicians (90\%) perceived that Antibiotic resistance is a problem Worldwide\& national level and less percentage (75\%) in their institutional level as shown in Fig- 2. In contrast to our study, a high perception that AMR as an institutional problem was shown in studies by Arjun Srinivasan \hyperref[b17]{(18)} etal, and Maha et al \hyperref[b20]{(21)} .Our data is similar to a study by Wester etal \hyperref[b20]{(21)} where in 87\% respondents agreed that Antibiotic resistance is a national problem and 55\% perceived it to be a problem in their institution. In a study by Giblin etal \hyperref[b15]{(16)} 89\% respondent's choice was national problem and 73\% in their own institution and 65\% in their practice. regarding the problem. Therefore, until the clinician's perception changes towards the fact that even in their personal practice their patients are also susceptible to AMR they will not have any motivation to change their practice behaviour particularly with respect to antibiotics use.\par Regarding our clinician's response to practices contributing to AMR, 93\% agreed that patient's failure to adhere to treatment an important contributor of AMR as shown in TABLE-3.In contrast, a study by Maha etal \hyperref[b15]{(16)} showed only 68\% agreed that patient's failure to adhere to treatment an important contributor of AMR. Our study also showed only 80\% of respondents agreed that poor adherence to infection control practices like isolation precaution \& Hand hygiene contributes to antibiotic resistance. In a study by Shah etal \hyperref[b19]{(20)} only 31\% respondents agreed that hygiene is significant in reducing antibiotic resistance. 54\% of respondents agreed that patients demand for antibiotics a contributing factor to Antibiotic resistance. A similar data was shown by Sivagnanam \hyperref[b10]{(12)} etal and Garcia et al \hyperref[b13]{(14)} where in 55\% of respondents agreed patients demands for antibiotics a contributing factor .\par Among the data's on clinicians antibiotics prescribing practice (Table {\ref -}3)79\% agreed that they refer to susceptibility pattern while treating for infections at their respective institution \&82\% agreed that Micro lab results are efficiently communicated to treating physicians. In a study by Sivagnanametal \hyperref[b10]{(12)} only 42\% of practitioners agreed that they refer sensitivity reports. The necessity of De-escalation to oral antibiotics from IV is needed was agreed by 86\% of clinicians.\par As shown in Table-5, 74\% of respondents disagreed for pharmacist's recommendation for Antibiotics. A similar data was shown in a study by Shah etal \hyperref[b19]{(20)} wherein 73\% respondents gave less importance for Pharmacists Recommendations.\par Our institution organised a CME which emphasised problems of AMR, and how to combat Resistance by Basic infection control measures like Hand Hygiene, Antibiotic policy \&Antibiotic stewardship .A post CME questionnaire survey was done to assess the transfer of knowledge which revealed that almost 100\% agreed that basic infection control measures will reduce HCAI \& there by Antibiotic resistance as shown in TABLE: 5. 100\% of respondents agreed that they will be benefited by CME which will update them in AMR knowledge \& Infection control practices. In a study by shah etal 70\% agreed that CME will help in updating knowledge.\par To our knowledge this is the first time Pre \&Para clinical faculties were included in a KAP survey on Antibiotic resistance. This inclusion was done because many of the pre and Para clinical staffs are into General practise and also the necessity of AMR knowledge is essential while treating friends \& families. \section[{VI. Conclusion}]{VI. Conclusion}\par Antimicrobial resistance accounts for numerous social \& economic costs including mortality \&morbidity. AMR continues to be a growing problem for all clinicians nationally \& at institutional level. A multifaceted problem caused by AMR requires a multifaceted solution. At the institutional level, the assessment of clinician's knowledge on awareness about AMR and to educate them becomes a priority before initiating other strategies.\par To summarise, our KAP study on Antibiotic resistance showed that though 95\% of clinicians viewed this as a national problem, only 75\%agreed that it's a problem in their institution. Also only 81\% agreed that poor infection control measures \& poor isolation precautions contributes to AMR and 79\% refer to susceptibility pattern given by Micro lab. De-escalation of IV antibiotics to Oral antibiotics is a necessity was agreed by 86.5\% of respondents.\par Finally what have we learnt and understood was that the knowledge\& attitude of clinician is crucial to reduce AMR at institutional level. Also as AMR problem is not limited by specialities, a better understanding of practices by all specialities included. Overall, most of our clinicians had better understanding and surprisingly Pre \& Para clinical doctors also have enough knowledge regarding Antibiotics practice. Education by workshops \& CME play a major role in updating knowledge. Following the study we have framed Antibiotics Policy and stewardship based on our institutional Antibiogram which addressed the susceptibility pattern of the most prevalent drug resistant pathogens. \section[{VII. Acknowledgement}]{VII. Acknowledgement}\begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{}\includegraphics[]{image-2.png} \caption{\label{fig_0}?}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{1} \par \begin{longtable}{P{0.40112359550561794\textwidth}P{0.09550561797752809\textwidth}P{0.07640449438202247\textwidth}P{0.2769662921348315\textwidth}} Staff position\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{Number \%}\tabcellsep Years of\\ \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep experience\\ Prof/Associate prof\tabcellsep 170\tabcellsep 23\%\tabcellsep 18-25 yeas\\ Assistant prof\tabcellsep 125\tabcellsep 17\%\tabcellsep 6-10 years\\ Senior and Junior\tabcellsep 361\tabcellsep 49\%\tabcellsep 1-8 years\\ Residents\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\ Consultants\tabcellsep 81\tabcellsep 11\%\tabcellsep 10-15 years\end{longtable} \par \caption{\label{tab_0}Table 1 :}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{2} \par \begin{longtable}{P{0.5230769230769231\textwidth}P{0.01054590570719603\textwidth}P{0.08436724565756824\textwidth}P{0.23200992555831268\textwidth}} Speciality\tabcellsep \tabcellsep Total\tabcellsep Percentage\\ Anaesthesia\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 30\tabcellsep 4.1\%\\ General medicine\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 103\tabcellsep 14.1\%\\ General surgery\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 94\tabcellsep 12.5\%\\ OBG\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 88\tabcellsep 12\%\\ Paediatrics\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 76\tabcellsep 10.5\%\\ Orthopaedics\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 63\tabcellsep 8.5\%\\ Ophthalmology\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 25\tabcellsep 3.4\%\\ ENT\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 21\tabcellsep 2.8\%\\ Dermatology\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 23\tabcellsep 3.1\%\\ Chest/TB\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 15\tabcellsep 2\%\\ ICU\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 81\tabcellsep 11\%\\ Surgical super\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 10\tabcellsep 1.4\%\\ speciality\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\ Medical Super\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 15\tabcellsep 2\%\\ speciality\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\ Pre/Para clinical\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 93\tabcellsep 12.6\%\\ TOTAL\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 737\tabcellsep 100\%\\ \multicolumn{4}{l}{Professional profile-1}\\ \tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{343}\tabcellsep Physicians\\ 737\tabcellsep 93\tabcellsep 301\tabcellsep Surgeons Pre/para\\ \multicolumn{4}{l}{Figure 1 : Overall Demographic profile}\end{longtable} \par {\small\itshape [Note: © 2015 Global Journals Inc. (US)]} \caption{\label{tab_1}Table 2 :}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{3} \par \begin{longtable}{P{0.5202448210922787\textwidth}P{0.07363465160075329\textwidth}P{0.07043314500941619\textwidth}P{0.06242937853107345\textwidth}P{0.05922787193973635\textwidth}P{0.06403013182674198\textwidth}} \tabcellsep Strongly Disagree\tabcellsep Disagree\tabcellsep Neither\tabcellsep Agree\tabcellsep Strongly Agree\\ Failure to properly diagnose\tabcellsep 2.5\%\tabcellsep 16\%\tabcellsep 9.2\%\tabcellsep 48.3\%\tabcellsep 24\\ patients infective conditions\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\ Prescribing antimicrobials when\tabcellsep 4.1\%\tabcellsep 5.5\%\tabcellsep 8.4\%\tabcellsep 37\tabcellsep 45\\ they are not needed\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\ Limited use of laboratory services\tabcellsep 2.5\%\tabcellsep 7.1\%\tabcellsep 8.4\%\tabcellsep 56\%\tabcellsep 26\%\\ for infection diagnosis\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\ Poor Adherence to isolation and\tabcellsep 1\%\tabcellsep 8.4\%\tabcellsep 9.6\%\tabcellsep 58.4\%\tabcellsep 22.6\%\\ contact precautions\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\ Poor hand hygiene \& Poor infection\tabcellsep 1.2\%\tabcellsep 10.5\%\tabcellsep 8\%\tabcellsep 40.3\%\tabcellsep 40\\ control\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\ Patients demand for Antibiotics\tabcellsep 3.5\%\tabcellsep 20.5\%\tabcellsep 22\%\tabcellsep 40\%\tabcellsep 14\%\\ Patients failing to adhere to\tabcellsep 0\tabcellsep 4.2\%\tabcellsep 3.3\%\tabcellsep 45\%\tabcellsep 47.5\%\\ treatment\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \end{longtable} \par \caption{\label{tab_2}Table 3 :}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{4} \par \begin{longtable}{P{0.6193630573248408\textwidth}P{0.05089171974522293\textwidth}P{0.04114649681528663\textwidth}P{0.04439490445859873\textwidth}P{0.042229299363057325\textwidth}P{0.05197452229299363\textwidth}} \tabcellsep Strongly Disagree\tabcellsep Disagree\tabcellsep Neither\tabcellsep Agree\tabcellsep Strongly Agree\\ Microbiology lab results are\tabcellsep 2.9\%\tabcellsep 8.4\%\tabcellsep 5.5\%\tabcellsep 41.1\%\tabcellsep 42.1\%\\ efficiently communicated to\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\ the treating physician.\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\ I regularly refer to the\tabcellsep 2.1\%\tabcellsep 6.3\%\tabcellsep 12.6\%\tabcellsep 53\%\tabcellsep 26\%\\ susceptibility/sensitivity\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\ patterns at this institution\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\ (e.g., an antibiogram) when\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\ prescribing antibiotics\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\ If medically appropriate IV\tabcellsep 3.3\%\tabcellsep 4.6\%\tabcellsep 5.6\%\tabcellsep 58.4\%\tabcellsep 28.1\%\\ antibiotics should be\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\ stepped down to an oral\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\ alternative\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\ A majority of patients\tabcellsep 1.2\%\tabcellsep 5.8\%\tabcellsep 21.8\%\tabcellsep 52.5\%\tabcellsep 18.7\%\\ admitted to this institution\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\ will be prescribed at least\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\ one antibiotic during their\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\ hospital stay\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\ Many of my patients receive\tabcellsep 4.2\%\tabcellsep 9.6\%\tabcellsep 13.4\%\tabcellsep 51.2\%\tabcellsep 21.6\%\\ 5 or more days of antibiotics\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\ during their stay at this\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\ institution.\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\ Only Few of my patients are\tabcellsep 2.5\%\tabcellsep 9.2\%\tabcellsep 19.5\%\tabcellsep 56.5\%\tabcellsep 12.5\%\\ discharged from this\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\ institution on antibiotics.\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \end{longtable} \par \caption{\label{tab_3}Table 4 :}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{5} \par \begin{longtable}{P{0.39182156133828994\textwidth}P{0.13903345724907062\textwidth}P{0.04107806691449814\textwidth}P{0.042657992565055765\textwidth}P{0.05055762081784386\textwidth}P{0.18485130111524165\textwidth}} \multicolumn{6}{l}{Assessment of Clinician's Knowledge and Perception on Antimicrobial Resistance a Primary Strategy for}\\ \tabcellsep \multicolumn{3}{l}{Antimicrobial Resistance Control}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\ \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep Year 2 015\\ \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep 11\\ \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep Volume XV Issue IV Version I\\ \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep ( C )\\ \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep Medical Research\\ \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep Global Journal of\\ \tabcellsep \multicolumn{3}{l}{Strongly Disagree Disagree Neither}\tabcellsep Agree\tabcellsep Strongly Agree\\ Severity of infection\tabcellsep 1.2\%\tabcellsep 2.1\%\tabcellsep 2.9\%\tabcellsep 50.8\%\tabcellsep 43\%\\ Likely infecting organisms\tabcellsep 0\tabcellsep 0.4\%\tabcellsep 3.7\%\tabcellsep 63\%\tabcellsep 32.9\%\\ Lab results\tabcellsep 0.7\%\tabcellsep 2.9\%\tabcellsep 8.4\%\tabcellsep 58.4\%\tabcellsep 29.6\%\\ Effectiveness of antibiotics for\tabcellsep 1.2\%\tabcellsep 3.3\%\tabcellsep 12.6\%\tabcellsep 62.1\%\tabcellsep 20.85\\ patients typically seen\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\ Recommendations' by the\tabcellsep 27.7\%\tabcellsep 48.3\%\tabcellsep 10.5\%\tabcellsep 3.5\%\tabcellsep 10\%\\ pharmacists\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \end{longtable} \par {\small\itshape [Note: © 2015 Global Journals Inc. (US)]} \caption{\label{tab_4}Table 5 :}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{6} \par \begin{longtable}{P{0.6684466019417475\textwidth}P{0.025936199722607488\textwidth}P{0.02711511789181692\textwidth}P{0.03536754507628294\textwidth}P{0.020041608876560334\textwidth}P{0.028294036061026352\textwidth}P{0.04479889042995839\textwidth}} \tabcellsep \tabcellsep Strongly Disagree\tabcellsep \multicolumn{3}{l}{Disagree Neither Agree}\tabcellsep Strongly Agree\\ \multicolumn{2}{l}{Essential Infection control practices like Hand}\tabcellsep 0\tabcellsep 0\tabcellsep 0\tabcellsep 37\%\tabcellsep 63\%\\ Hygiene reduce\tabcellsep Health care Associated\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\ Infections\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\ \multicolumn{2}{l}{Isolation Precautions will significantly reduce}\tabcellsep 0\tabcellsep 0\tabcellsep 15\%\tabcellsep 43\%\tabcellsep 42\%\\ \multicolumn{2}{l}{Health care Associated Infections}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\ \multicolumn{2}{l}{Do you think Antibiotic policy will help to}\tabcellsep 0\tabcellsep 7\%\tabcellsep 11\%\tabcellsep 58\%\tabcellsep 24\%\\ \multicolumn{2}{l}{reduce Antimicrobial resistance in this}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\ Institution\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\ \multicolumn{2}{l}{Do you think Antimicrobial stewardship}\tabcellsep 0\tabcellsep 0\tabcellsep 3\%\tabcellsep 81\%\tabcellsep 16\%\\ \multicolumn{2}{l}{programs can improve patient care?}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\ \multicolumn{2}{l}{According to you will Antimicrobial stewardship}\tabcellsep 0\tabcellsep 0\tabcellsep 15\%\tabcellsep 69\%\tabcellsep 16\%\\ \multicolumn{2}{l}{programs reduce the problem of antimicrobial}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\ resistance?\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\ \multicolumn{2}{l}{In your opinion will you be able to benefit or}\tabcellsep 0\tabcellsep 0\tabcellsep 0\tabcellsep 62\%\tabcellsep 38\%\\ \multicolumn{2}{l}{update your knowledge by this CME organised}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\ \multicolumn{2}{l}{by the institution pertaining to Infection Control}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\ Programme?\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \end{longtable} \par \caption{\label{tab_5}Table 6 :}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{} \par \begin{longtable}{P{0.24464944649446493\textwidth}P{0.006273062730627306\textwidth}P{0.003136531365313653\textwidth}P{0.009409594095940959\textwidth}P{0.003136531365313653\textwidth}P{0.09723247232472325\textwidth}P{0.17878228782287822\textwidth}P{0.07841328413284132\textwidth}P{0.1474169741697417\textwidth}P{0.03450184501845018\textwidth}P{0.0470479704797048\textwidth}} Year 2 015\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\ 12\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\ Volume XV Issue IV Version I\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{44.50\%}\tabcellsep 55.30\% 47\%\tabcellsep \multicolumn{3}{l}{23.50\% 43.00\% 26.80\%}\\ ( C )\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep 39.00\%\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{52.00\%}\\ Medical Research\tabcellsep SD\tabcellsep D\tabcellsep 0\%\tabcellsep N\tabcellsep 37.00\% 20\% A SA\tabcellsep 40\%\tabcellsep 60\%\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{56.00\% 80\%}\tabcellsep 100\%\\ Global Journal of\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\ \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep This\tabcellsep disparity\tabcellsep among\tabcellsep clinician's\tabcellsep perception\\ \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{5}{l}{demonstrates a lack of awareness \& understanding}\end{longtable} \par {\small\itshape [Note: © 2015 Global Journals Inc. (US)]} \caption{\label{tab_6}AMR is problem World wide AmR Is a National Problem AMR is A problem in my Institute AMR is Problem in my Community AMR is a Problem in my Practice}\end{figure} \backmatter \par The authors acknowledge all the clinicians \& Pre and Para medical doctors who participated in this survey. \begin{bibitemlist}{1} \bibitem[ April ]{b12}\label{b12} \textit{}, April . 7 p. . \bibitem[Mamoonetal]{b18}\label{b18} ‘A point prevalence survey of antibiotic prescriptions: benchmarking and patterns of use’. Mamoonetal . 71:2 / 293-296 / 293. \textit{Br J Clin Pharmacol} \bibitem[Sivagnanametal ()]{b10}\label{b10} ‘A Survey on Current Attitude of Practicing Physicians upon Usage of Antimicrobial Agents in Southern Part of India’. G Sivagnanametal . \textit{MedGenMed} 2004. 6 (2) p. 1. \bibitem[Wester et al. ()]{b21}\label{b21} ‘Antibiotic Resistance: A Survey of Physician Perceptions’. 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