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\setlength{\itemindent}{0pt}% \setlength{\parskip}{0pt}% \setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}% \setlength{\parsep}{2pt}% \def\makelabel##1{\upshape ##1}}% } {\end{list}\end{raggedright}} \newenvironment{specHead}[2]% {\vspace{20pt}\hrule\vspace{10pt}% \phantomsection\label{#1}\markright{#2}% \pdfbookmark[2]{#2}{#1}% \hspace{-0.75in}{\bfseries\fontsize{16pt}{18pt}\selectfont#2}% }{} \def\TheFullDate{2015-05-15 (revised: 15 May 2015)} \def\TheID{\makeatother } \def\TheDate{2015-05-15} \title{Determination of the Compound Biological Effectiveness (CBE) Factors based on the ISHIYAMA-IMAHORI Deterministic Parsing Model with the Dynamic PET Technique} \author{}\makeatletter \makeatletter \newcommand*{\cleartoleftpage}{% \clearpage \if@twoside \ifodd\c@page \hbox{}\newpage \if@twocolumn \hbox{}\newpage \fi \fi \fi } \makeatother \makeatletter \thispagestyle{empty} \markright{\@title}\markboth{\@title}{\@author} \renewcommand\small{\@setfontsize\small{9pt}{11pt}\abovedisplayskip 8.5\p@ plus3\p@ minus4\p@ 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\definecolor{GJMediumGrey}{HTML}{6D6E70} \definecolor{GJLightGrey}{HTML}{929497} \renewenvironment{abstract}{% \setlength{\parindent}{0pt}\raggedright \textcolor{GJMediumGrey}{\rule{\textwidth}{2pt}} \vskip16pt \textcolor{GJBlue}{\large\bfseries\abstractname\space} }{% \vskip8pt \textcolor{GJMediumGrey}{\rule{\textwidth}{2pt}} \vskip16pt } \usepackage[absolute,overlay]{textpos} \makeatother \usepackage{lineno} \linenumbers \begin{document} \author[1]{Shintaro Ishiyama} \affil[1]{ Helsinki University Central Hospital} \renewcommand\Authands{ and } \date{\small \em Received: 15 April 2015 Accepted: 4 May 2015 Published: 15 May 2015} \maketitle \begin{abstract} In defining the biological effects ofthe 10 B (n,?) 7 Li neutron capturereaction, we have proposeda deterministic parsing model (ISHIYAMA-IMAHORI model) to determine the Compound Biological Effectiveness (CBE) factor in Borono-Phenyl-Alanine (BPA)-mediated Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT). In present paper, we the case of application to actual patient data, which is founded on this model for tissuesandtumor.Method: To determine the CBE factor, we demonstrate a specific method of howthe application of derived the following new calculation formula founded onthe deterministic parsing model with three constants, CBE0, F, n and the eigen value N th /N max . \end{abstract} \keywords{boron neutron capture therapy, compound biological effectiveness, borono-phenylalanine, tumor, 10B(n, ?)7 li, sigmoid function.} \begin{textblock*}{18cm}(1cm,1cm) % {block width} (coords) \textcolor{GJBlue}{\LARGE Global Journals \LaTeX\ JournalKaleidoscope\texttrademark} \end{textblock*} \begin{textblock*}{18cm}(1.4cm,1.5cm) % {block width} (coords) \textcolor{GJBlue}{\footnotesize \\ Artificial Intelligence formulated this projection for compatibility purposes from the original article published at Global Journals. However, this technology is currently in beta. \emph{Therefore, kindly ignore odd layouts, missed formulae, text, tables, or figures.}} \end{textblock*} \let\tabcellsep& \par ()\textbf{2}\par Where, A, a and t 0 are constants Results and Conclusion: From the application of sigmoid function to dynamic PET data, it is concluded that the N th and N max for tissue and tumor are identified with the parameter constants in the sigmoid function in eq.( \hyperref[formula_0]{2}) as;\par (3)\par And the calculated CBE factor values obtained from eq. ( {\ref 1}), with N th /N max .\par Keywords: boron neutron capture therapy, compound biological effectiveness, borono-phenyl-alanine, tumor, 10 B(n,?) 7 li, sigmoid function. \section[{I. Introduction}]{I. Introduction}\par any types of pilot innovative accelerator-based neutron source for neutron capture therapy with lithium target were designed \hyperref[b0]{[1]}[2][3] and many inventions for the progressive power run-up were reported [4][5]. In Japan, implemented deployment of accelerator-driven neutron source for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) is accomplished in 2014 in National Cancer Center, of which system was designed with the production of neutrons via threshold 7 Li (p, n) 7 Be reaction at 25kW proton beam with energy of 2.5\par MeV, which was designed to dovetail the narrow peak band resonance of lithium target and started its installation at middle of 2013. This BNCT device is expected to offer the potential for achieving the objects of which any treatment capable of sterilizing the primary tumor locally will result in a high probability of cure.\par BNCT is a targeted radio-therapeutic modality used for the treatment of brain tumors and melanoma and a bimodal approach to cancer therapy. Before The CBE factors concerning to tumor, skin lung, liver [10][11], heart \hyperref[b5]{[12]} and oral mucosal tissues \hyperref[b6]{[13]} were reported and prospect of actually using BNCT for the patients has been developing under the right circumstances. However, there is no theoretical unified explanation of the CBE factors for normal tissues and tumor, despite significance of high precision of the CBE factor evaluation is requested for the patients.\par Recently, the authors proposed deterministic parsing model of CBE factors (ISHIYAMA-IMAHORI model) and applied to human tumor brain cases and derived good results dovetailed with empirical facts \hyperref[b7]{[14]} \hyperref[b9]{[15]}.\par The purpose of the present investigation was to demonstrate the unified methodology for the evaluation of the CBE factors for normal tissues and tumor in BNCT. b) Mathematical analysis model for the 10 B concentration data After 1 0 BPA administration, boron atoms are ingested into the cell model consisted of endoplasm and cell nucleus and Imahori \hyperref[b11]{[17]} reported the kinetic analysis for brain tumor patients by using three-compartment rate constant (K 1 , k 2 and k 3 ) (Figure \hyperref[fig_3]{1}). This model implied that the body injected 10 BPA begins to rapidly up-taken into cancer cell group at the injection initial and eventually suppressed increase with increasing 10 BPA-containing population. From these results, it is clear that very good data fitting curves of the logistic function to dynamic PET data were observed and each constant in eq. ( {\ref 1}) are obtained in the tumor and normal tissue. These results are listed in the table \hyperref[tab_1]{(Table 1}). To obtained threshold and saturation density of boron, N th and N max in tumor and normal tissue from eq.( {\ref 1}), we defined N th and N max as follows: \section[{II. Materials and Methods}]{II. Materials and Methods} \section[{Volume XV Issue IV Version I}]{Volume XV Issue IV Version I}\par (3) Table {\ref 3} : The Values of N th /N max and CBE factor defined by eq. ( \hyperref[formula_0]{2}) for tumor and normal tissue c) Application of the calculation method and its clinical significance The charm of the BNCT treatment is that again and again for the same patients and their affected area is capable of irradiation treatment. Therefore, the cure of intractable cancer in a short time by BNCT treatment is not a dream. However, BNCT treatment at this stage is time-consuming due to the following reasons. Normally, cancer patients are given low doses of intravenous radioactively-labelled 18F-BPA before BNCT and diagnosed cancer by Positron-Emission-Tomography (PET). Physicians developed a treatment plan by BNCT based on PET diagnosis and then after administrates high dose of BPA to the patients.\par So practical value of present research is that the diagnosis and treatment cycle can be achieved at the same time shorten with high accuracy.\par Present research results, ie by 18F-BPA drip injection administration and dynamic PET measurement method, ISHIYAMA-IMAHORI model immediately provides a high-precision CBE factor and BNCT treatment for a kind of cancer and its severity in patients individual. \section[{IV. Conclusions}]{IV. Conclusions}\begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{}\includegraphics[]{image-2.png} \caption{\label{fig_0}}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{}\includegraphics[]{image-3.png} \caption{\label{fig_1}}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{}\includegraphics[]{image-4.png} \caption{\label{fig_2}B}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{1}\includegraphics[]{image-5.png} \caption{\label{fig_3}Figure 1 :}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{2}\includegraphics[]{image-6.png} \caption{\label{fig_4}Figure 2 :}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{3}\includegraphics[]{image-7.png} \caption{\label{fig_5}Figure 3 :}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{4}\includegraphics[]{image-8.png} \caption{\label{fig_6}Figure 4 :}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{}\includegraphics[]{image-9.png} \caption{\label{fig_7}}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{}\includegraphics[]{image-10.png} \caption{\label{fig_8}}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{2} \par \begin{longtable}{} \end{longtable} \par \caption{\label{tab_0}Table 2 :}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{1} \par \begin{longtable}{} \end{longtable} \par \caption{\label{tab_1}Table 1 :}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{} \par \begin{longtable}{P{0.024097938144329895\textwidth}P{0.7744201030927834\textwidth}P{0.007667525773195875\textwidth}P{0.007667525773195875\textwidth}P{0.002190721649484536\textwidth}P{0.01533505154639175\textwidth}P{0.01643041237113402\textwidth}P{0.002190721649484536\textwidth}} \tabcellsep \multicolumn{5}{l}{Imahori; "In-situ vacuum deposition technique of}\\ \tabcellsep \multicolumn{5}{l}{lithium on neutron production target for}\\ \tabcellsep \multicolumn{5}{l}{BNCT", Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res.,}\\ \tabcellsep \multicolumn{3}{l}{B288, 18-22 (2012a).}\tabcellsep \\ \tabcellsep \multicolumn{5}{l}{5. Ishiyama S, Y. Baba, R. Fujii, M. Nakamura, Y.}\\ \tabcellsep \multicolumn{5}{l}{Imahori; "Synthesis of lithium nitride for neutron}\\ \tabcellsep \multicolumn{5}{l}{producton target of BNCT by in-situ lithium}\\ \tabcellsep \multicolumn{5}{l}{deposition and ion implantation", Nucl. Instrum.}\\ Year 2 015\tabcellsep \multicolumn{5}{l}{Meth. Tjarks; "Boron neutron capture therapy of}\\ \tabcellsep brain\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{tumors:}\tabcellsep an\tabcellsep merging\tabcellsep therapeutic\\ \tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{modality2, neutron}\tabcellsep capture\tabcellsep \tabcellsep therapy\tabcellsep with\tabcellsep p-\\ \tabcellsep \multicolumn{5}{l}{boronopenylalanine or borocaptate sodium",}\\ \tabcellsep \multicolumn{5}{l}{Radiother Oncol 39:253-259(1994a).}\\ D D D D ) F\tabcellsep \multicolumn{5}{l}{10. Fukuda H., T.Kobayashi, J.Hiratsuka and et.al; "Estimation of Absorbed Dose in the Covering Skin}\\ (\tabcellsep \multicolumn{5}{l}{of Human Melaoma Treated by Boron Capture}\\ \tabcellsep \multicolumn{5}{l}{Therapy", Pigment cell Research Vol.2, Issue}\\ \tabcellsep \multicolumn{3}{l}{4,pp.365-369(1989)}\tabcellsep \\ \tabcellsep \multicolumn{3}{l}{11. Kiger, JL, W.S. 3}\tabcellsep \end{longtable} \par {\small\itshape [Note: rdVolume XV Issue IV Version I]} \caption{\label{tab_2}}\end{figure} \footnote{© 2015 Global Journals Inc. (US)} \backmatter \begin{bibitemlist}{1} \bibitem[Kiger et al.]{b3}\label{b3} \textit{}, K J Kiger , P J Riley , H Binns . \bibitem[Boron Distribution in Boron Neutron Capture Therapy International Congress on Neutron Capture Therapy (ICNCT2014) ()]{b8}\label{b8} ‘Boron Distribution in Boron Neutron Capture Therapy’. \textit{International Congress on Neutron Capture Therapy (ICNCT2014)}, 14-19 June, Finland PaP501. 2014. p. . \bibitem[Morris et al. ()]{b6}\label{b6} ‘Boron microlocalization in oral mucosal tissue’. G M Morris , Dr , H Smith , Et Patel , Al . \textit{British J. of Cancer} 2000b. 82 (11) p. . \bibitem[Ishiyama]{b7}\label{b7} \textit{Deterministic Parsing Model of the Compound Biological Effectiveness (CBE) Factor for Intracellular 10}, Imahori Ishiyama , Y . \bibitem[Ishiyama ()]{b9}\label{b9} ‘Deterministic Parsing Model of the Compound Biological Effectiveness (CBE) Factor for Intracellular 10 Boron Distribution in Boron Neutron Capture Therapy’. S Ishiyama . \url{http://www.scirp.org/jounal/ictdoi} \textit{J. of Cancer Therapy} 2014. (Published Online December 2014 in SciRes) \bibitem[Imahori et al. ()]{b10}\label{b10} ‘Fluorine-18-labeled fluoroboronophenylalanine PET in Patients with Glioma’. Y Imahori , S Ueda , Y Ohmori . \textit{J Nucl Med} 1998. 39 (2) p. . \bibitem[Patel et al. ()]{b4}\label{b4} ‘Functional and histological changes in rat lung after boron neutron capture therapy’. 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