Global Journal of Medical Research
Antiplaque Efficacy of Lemongrass Oil Mouthwash a An in-vitro Study
Dental plaque is one of the etiologic factors in gingival and periodontal disease. Considering the uses of lemongrass oil the aim of the present study was to find out the antiplaque property in vitro. Pooled saliva was put into the tissue culture plates and incubated for 72 hours for plaque. Each of the 4 wells were treated differently with using disclosing agent, lemongrass oil mouthwash( 0.25 % & 0.5%), distilled water, glodent tooth paste slurry and chlorhexidine mouthwash. The results showed that the lemongrass oil mouthwash at both the concentration showed reduction in the plaque better than that of chlorhexidine. The glodent toothpaste slurry reduced the plaue to a lesser extent to that of both lemongrass oil and chlorhexidine mouthwash. The present study concluded that the lemongrass oil mouthwash can be used as an adjunct to the mechanical oral hygiene.
Copyright (c) 2012 Authors and Global Journals Private Limited http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Comparative Study of Intralesional Dexamethasone, Hyaluronidase and Oral Pentoxifylline in Patients with Oral Submucous Fibrosis
Back ground : Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is characterized by excessive production of collagen leading to inelasticity of the oral mucosa and atrophic changes of the epithelium. Aim : Aim of the study is to clinically evaluate the efficacy of oral Pentoxifylline 400 mg tablets in comparison to intralesional injections of Dexamethasone (4mg/ml) and Hyaluronidase 1500 IU and 0.5 ml of Lignocaine 2% in the management of OSF patients. Methodology : The study population consisted of 40 male patients with OSF. Patients were divided into two groups. 20 patients are in pentoxifylline group and 20 patients in Dexamethasone group. Pentoxifylline Group received oral Pentoxifylline 400 mg tablets twice daily for first 4 weeks and thrice daily for next 8 weeks. Dexamethasone Group received biweekly intralesional injections of Dexamethasone (4mg/ml), Hyaluronidase 1500 IU and 0.5 ml of Lignocaine 2% for a period of 12 weeks. Parameters taken in the study were burning sensation, mouth opening, tongue protrusion and cheek flexibility.
Predictors of Social Media use for Reproductive Health Seeking Behaviour among Students of Tertiary Institutions in Bauchi State, Nigeria
Background: Social media (SM) has emerged as a dominant communication platform. It encompasses interactive tools like social networking sites, blogs, and content-sharing platforms that allow user-generated content, distinguishing it from traditional media. This shift from a monologue to a dialogue-based model of information exchange presents new opportunities for health communication. Objective: To assess the predictors, knowledge and strategies associated with the use of social media (SM) for accessing reproductive health (RH) information among tertiary institution students in Bauchi State, Nigeria. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 407 respondents. Data was Analysed using SPSS version 20.0, chi-square tests and logistic regression was used to identify predictors of SM use for RH information-seeking. Results: The mean age of respondents was 23.60 ± 4.90 years, majority were male (64.1%). About 83.2% had good knowledge of using SM for RH information. Common RH topics sought included sex education (33.0%), abstinence from premarital sex (24.5%), and prevention of sexually transmitted infections (40.1%). Key barriers were poor internet connection (39.5%) and high cost (37.2%). The primary suggested strategy for enhancement was improved SM connection (45.4%). Logistic regression identified age group (AOR=5.47, 95% CI: 2.10-14.21) and type of institution (AOR=8.80, 95% CI: 2.00-38.73) as significant predictors of SM use for RH seeking behaviour. Conclusion: Social media is a significant source of RH information for students. To maximize its potentials institutions should integrate digital literacy and SM-based RH education into their program
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Development of Innovative Strategies for Early Detection, Prevention, and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases in the United States Through Integrated Public Health Systems
Background: As strikingly shown by the series of shocks-H1N1 influenza, MERS-CoV, Ebola, Zika, and most recently the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic, which claimed more than 1.2 million lives in the United States and caused an projected $14 trillion in combined direct and indirect economic damage-the emergence and re-emergence of new infectious diseases is an ongoing and increasing danger to U.S. public health security. These repeated cautions notwithstanding, the United States still lacks a totally integrated, real-time national infectious disease early warning system able to identify new pathogen signals with the speed and spatial resolution needed for successful pre-epidemic response. This study offers and assesses an Integrated Early Warning and Containment System (IEWACS) framework meant to methodically improve U.S. capability for early identification, prevention, and management of new infectious diseases by combining digital epidemiology, genomic surveillance, community health informatics, and cross-sector coordination tools. A mixed-methods technique using narrative systematic review, expert consensus analysis, and scenario-based simulation modeling was used. Synthesized were seven federal policy documents, four overseas epidemic response case studies, and eighty-one peer-reviewed articles. Using epidemiological data from U.S. epidemic histories (2009-2024), simulation modeling-minimal, moderate, and full deployment-estimated expected detection acceleration and containment effectiveness across three IEWACS implementation circumstances. Stakeholder views were included by means of organized synthesis of openly accessible expert testimony submitted to HHS, CDC, and Congressional hearings on pandemic preparedness from 2020-2025. Outcomes: Compared to baseline systems, full IEWACS installation was expected to cut mean time from pathogen emergence to confirmed public health warning by 8.3 days (95% CI: 5.1-11.5 days)-a decrease that, applied retroactively to the SARS-CoV-2 emergence timeline, would have allowed significant containment intervention roughly two incubation cycles ahead of the first confirmed U.S. case cluster. Integrating genomic surveillance was found to be the single best-yielding component for detection improvement, lowering the expected 3.2 days from a historical average of 16 days. Integrated with wastewater epidemiology and emergency department chief complaint data, community-based digital symptom surveillance added a 4.1-day detecting edge over clinical laboratory-dependent methods only. Finally,: Next-generation U.S. infectious disease early warning is well-founded and operationally actionable thanks to the IEWACS framework. Its implementation calls for legislative funding in CDC Core Capabilities, growth of the National Wastewater Surveillance System, speed-up of whole-genome sequencing integration across public health labs, and creation of a National Digital Epidemiology Center with real-time data aggregation power. The next pandemic's human and financial cost of delayed diagnosis will exceed the expense of developing the infrastructure that could stop it.
The Business Case for Dementia-Competent Hospitals: Analyzing the Financial Return on Investment of Specialized Staff Training and Care Models
Dementia is now a defining financial and operational challenge for US hospitals. Healthcare costs for an individual living with dementia average nearly four times those of an individual without it ($19,956 vs. $5,394 annually), and patients with dementia face longer lengths of stay and higher rates of preventable complications. With the over-85 population projected to double by 2040, this pressure will only intensify. Specialized staff training and comprehensive care models are not clinical add-ons but strategic financial investments. Evidence-based programs demonstrate measurable returns: the Care Ecosystem saves $475.80 per member per month, and the Eskenazi Health Aging Brain Care program produces net annual savings of $980-$2,856 per patient against a program cost of $618. Hospitals with excellent patient experience ratings achieve a 4.7% net margin compared with 1.8% for low-rated hospitals - and dementia-friendly care directly improves experience for the 40% of hospitalizations involving older adults. Trained staff also experience less burnout, reducing costly turnover. The shift to value-based care has reversed the historical financial disincentive for these investments. Strategic recommendations include: Pilot a multi-disciplinary initiative with administrative support and staff engagement from intake through discharge. Invest in care coordination and care partner support - the highest-yield drivers of cost savings. Adopt a value-based measurement framework tracking utilization, satisfaction, retention, and experience. Pursue strategic partnerships with community organizations and payers, including the CMS GUIDE Model. For hospital executives, the question is no longer whether to invest in dementia-competent care, but how to implement it effectively.
Difficulty in Diagnosing Schizoaffective Disorder and Bipolar Disorder based on a Clinical Case
Since Schizoaffective Disorder and Bipolar Disorder share some overlapping symptoms, when a patient presents with symptoms similar to both Schizoaffective Disorder and Bipolar Disorder, it becomes necessary to provide continuous and careful care while simultaneously reviewing all knowledge about both disorders. The objective of this work is to address the pre-diagnosis phase, the moment of diagnosis, and the post-diagnosis phase of a patient initially diagnosed with Schizoaffective Disorder who, after years of various treatments until finding the most appropriate one, was diagnosed with Bipolar Disorder Type I. The methodology used for this work was bibliographic research in databases such as SciELO, PubMed, Google Scholar, etc., using the descriptors: schizoaffective disorder, bipolar disorder, childhood mental health, and psychoactive drugs. This entire process lasted approximately six months, during which around 20 publications addressing the chosen descriptors were analyzed, resulting in the selection of 14 articles or scientific papers. The results of this analysis demonstrated that the process of observing symptoms to arrive at a diagnosis and then the treatment process does not reside solely in the current aspects presented by the patient during initial consultations, but also in the patient's past history. This is because there are often previous problems that can affect the diagnosis and the treatment process, which is frequently observed in cases of overlapping symptoms, for example.
The use of Age at Death in Field Epidemiology: Review of Data from the Seven Countries Study
Age at death (AD) is an old demographic metric recently re-evaluated. In field epidemiology it has been never used because in this case the study population must be extinct or nearly extinct. The research group of the Seven Countries Study of Cardiovascular Diseases was able to reach a follow-up that in most cases corresponds to the extinction of cohorts allowing to study the problem of AD. A review of published material, with focus on 7 selected detailed examples, describes and comments findings dealing with determinants of AD at individual levels, comparison of AD across different causes of death, ecological comparison across different cohorts and possible determinants of differences.
Desafios do Enfermeiro no Manejo e Prevenção do Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2: Uma Análise Epidemiológica e Clínica
O Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) é uma das doenças crônicas não transmissíveis de maior impacto global na atualidade, exigindo abordagens contínuas e multidisciplinares. O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar os principais desafios enfrentados pelo enfermeiro no manejo e na prevenção do DM2, articulando com dados epidemiológicos mundiais e brasileiros atualizados. A metodologia empregada consistiu em uma pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva, baseada em revisão de literatura de artigos científicos e relatórios epidemiológicos recentes (2021-2025). Os resultados apontam que a prevalência global do diabetes atinge 589milhões de adultos, com projeções de 853 milhões até 2050, afetando expressivamente a população acima de 65 anos. No Brasil, mais de 16 milhões de adultos convivem com a doença. Os desafios da enfermagem concentram-se na adesão terapêutica, na educação em saúde para o autocuidado, nas barreiras socioculturais e no manejo das complicações micro e macro vasculares. Conclui-se que a atuação do enfermeiro é indispensável na Atenção Primária à Saúde, demandando capacitação contínua e estratégias inovadoras para mitigar os impactos do DM2 na saúde pública.
Formulation & Evaluation of Eye Care Solution of Vasoconstrictor and Antihistaminic Drug for Conjuctivitis
The purpose of present research work was to formulate and evaluate eye care solution of Naphazoline hydrochloride (Vasoconstrictor) and Pheniramine maleate (Antihistaminic) drug for allergic conjunctivitis. The optimum values of responses for viscous eye care solution formulation was found to be 97.6 cps viscosity, 1759 cps mucoadhesion index and 96.67 % CDR for naphazoline hydrochloride and 93.34% CDR for pheniramine maleate. These could be obtained at lower levels of NaCMC and higher level of HPMCE4M (0.25/0.6%w/w respectively).These viscous eye care solution showed acceptable physicochemical properties. The optimized formulation was found to be stable in one month study and providing prolonged release of the drug over an 8 hr period. Irritation study on rabbit eye revealed that it was non-irritant. All the rabbits' eyes were normal by the end of 5 hour without any redness. There were no other adverse affects on the eyes throughout 8 hours study. This proves that optimized formulations of viscous eye care solution were very effective against common allergic conditions.
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Feature Based Matching of CT & MRI Brain Images
Multimodal image matching calls or demands for feature based or object based matching. Feature used in matching can be edges ,ridges, blobs, valleys etc. Feature based matching is considered as less tedious and low level image processing task whereas object based matching is consider as high level image processing task and complex.
Copyright (c) 2013 Authors and Global Journals Private Limited http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
MYCOLOGICAL & PHYSICO-CHEMICAL QUALITY OF WHEATEN WHITE BREAD FLOUR MADE FOR NIGERIAN MARKET
Mycological and physico-chemical quality of wheaten white bread flour, made for Nigerian market was examined at room temperature of storage for 120days (about four months). During storage, total fungal count was above the maximum acceptable limit of 100 cfu per gram white bread flour. Fungal counts increased towards the end of the storage period but no significant difference of fungal count was noticed during storage. Also slight ecological succession was noticed amongst the various groups of fungi. The fungal isolates from this study were species of Penicillium, Rhizopus, Mucor, Geotricum, Oidium, and Saccharomyces. Three of the four brands of flour analysed had a pH of below 6.0 on the 105 th day of the study. The ash content of the various brands of flour was above 0.65% recommended for flour with effect from day 90 of storage. Protein, gluten, fat, moisture, and carbohydrate contents were within the acceptable limit values for flour. The public health implications of these findings are hereby discussed.
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Hearing Loss and M.1555a>G Mitochondrial Mutation
Guilherme Machado de Carvalho Machado de Carvalho
Evaluation of Anti-Angiogenic Effect of Naturally Occurring Compound from Ficus.Bengalensis on Regeneration & Development of Zebra-Fish Fin
Angiogenesis is the process that leads to the formation of new blood vessels or neovascularisation. Angiogenesis inhibitors are designed to prevent the formation of new blood vessels. The main aim of this study is to evaluate Anthocyanin obtained from medicinal plant Ficus.bengalensis for Anti-angiogenesis & to standardize a method for the study of angiogenesis. A variety of animal models have been described to provide more quantitative analysis of in vivo angiogenesis and to characterize pro-and anti Angiogenic molecules.
FNAC as a Diagnostic Tool in the Evaluation of Lymphadenopathy-A Tertiary Hospital Experience
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Comparative Study of Immunohistochemical, Hematoxylin & Eosin Staining and its Diagnostic Importance in Hirschsprungas Disease
Assessment of Awareness Regarding Prevention of Infective Endocarditis among Graduating Medical & Dental Students at Qassim University, KSA
Infective endocarditis (IE) is an infection of the endothelial surface of the heart and heart valves with serious, even fatal complications and that often requires long-term treatment. Many dental procedures may lead to IE in high-risk patients. The aim of the present study was to assess the awareness and knowledge of graduating medical and dental students at Qassim University, KSA regarding prevention of infective endocarditis. A questionnaire was administered to the last year medical and dental students. An acceptable level of success in the test was defined as at least 7 correct answers out of 13 (53%). Out of 118 students participating in this study, 65 (47.4%) passed the test successfully. Although the pass-rate of medical students (45/93 or 48.4%) was comparatively higher than that of dental students (11/25 or 44%) the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant. This study showed that the knowledge concerning prevention of IE among the dental and medical students was moderate and highlighted the necessity of more education in this field.
Botanical Standardization of the Embeli Ribes Burm F& Possibilities of Species Substitute
Malocclusion, Phonetics & Palatography: The Link Express
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Detection of Mycobacterial Infections (MTB & NTM) by Different Molecular, Staining and Culture Techniques among Infertile Females
Copyright (c) 2016 Authors and Global Journals Private Limited http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Effect of Gravitational Stress and Exercises on Bone Demineralization & Renal Complication in Paraplegics & Quadriplegics
Pseudoaneurysm of the Internal Maxillary Artery in Recurrent Head And Neck Cancer Patient-a Rare Case Report
Acute bleeding in the head and neck area occurs due to various causes and often is a life-threatening situation. Head and neck cancers can be a cause of intractable hemorrhage from local tumour irradiation or spontaneous tumourbleeding 1 . In addition to tumour-related bleeding, iatrogenic bleeding related to surgical procedures or trauma, can also lead to intractable, lifethreatening bleeding 1 . A pseudoaneurysm is an extravascular hematoma that communicates with the intravascular space. This rare lesion receives its name from the fact that its vascular wall is composed of fibrous connective tissue (pseudo-capsule) that develops after rupture of the endothelium 2 . Pseudoaneurysms occur when there is a partial disruption in the wall of a blood vessel, causing a hematoma that is either contained by the vessel adventitia or the perivascular soft tissue 3 .
Copyright (c) 2019 Authors and Global Journals Private Limited http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Why Does the Merging of the Parents DNAs in a Fertilized Cell Resemble Merging of Two Black Holes? - The Same Turbulent Dynamics
The article explains why the observed dynamics of fertilized cell when the parents DNAs fuse resemble merging of two Black Holes. It is because everything in the material world is a material body and NEMF and when two NEMF spinning in opposite direction meet (regardless are these electron and positron, black holes spinning in opposite direction, or spinning in opposite direction male and female DNAs in a fertilized cell), they behave in the same way. The NEMF spinning clockwise as a vortex will suck energy in (because that is what vortices do), will start spinning faster and attract stronger the NEMF spinning in opposite direction. The two NEMF will merge closer, spin around each other before to fuse and then fuse together. Thus, the fact that the whole material world is a material body and NEMF manifest itself in this common dynamic behavior: in the micro world when the spinning in opposite directions NEMFs of electron and positron merge, when the spinning in opposite directions NEMFs of the parents' female and male DNAs merge, and when the spinning in opposite directions NEMFs of two Black Holes merge.
merging dynamics of electron and positron
Bites to Bytes.... Transition towards Electronic Dental Records- A Review
Moringa Oleifera Seed Protein Hydrolysates Inhibit Haemoglobin Glycosylation and α-Glucosidase Activity in-Vitro
In recent times, the biological activities of enzymatic digests of plant and animal proteins have been investigated and have been shown to exhibit multidirectional effects against key enzymes involved in the pathophysiology of a number of diseases. The present study evaluated the inhibitory effects of M.oleifera seed protein hydrolysates on haemoglobin glycosylation and α-glucosidase. Proteins were hydrolyzed using the enzymes pepsin, trypsin, papain and chymotrypsin. The resulting hydrolysates were evaluated for inhibitory activities against non-enzymatic haemoglobin glycosylation as well as αglucosidase. Peptic and chymotrypsin hydrolysates demonstrated the best inhibitory effects against hemoglobin glycosylation, while chymotryptic and tryptic hydrolysates had better α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. Kinetic data showed that the hydrolysates inhibited α-glucosidase inhibitory effects by different mechanisms, such tryptic and chymotrypsin hydrolysates indicated a competitive mode of inhibition while papain and pepsin hydrolysates displayed mixed inhibition of α-glucosidase. These results suggest that M.oleifera seed proteins contain peptides that can be harnessed to formulate peptides which could serve as novel alternatives to current therapies in the management of diabetes mellitus.
Efﬁcacy of Intravenous Acetaminophen Compared to Oral Acetaminophen for the Management of Fever in Children
Introduction-Human body temperature is controlled by the hypothalamus. Neurons in both the preoptic anterior hypothalamus and the posterior hypothalamus receive two kinds of signals: one from peripheral nerves that transmit information from warmth/cold receptors in the skin and the other from the temperature of the blood bathing the region. These two types of signals are integrated by the thermoregulatory center of the hypothalamus to maintain normal temperature. In a neutral temperature environment, the metabolic rate of humans produces more heat than is necessary to maintain the core body temperature in the range of 36.5-37.5°C (97.7-99.5°F). A normal body temperature is maintained ordinarily, despite environmental variations, because the hypothalamic thermoregulatory center balances the excess heat production derived from metabolic activity in muscle and the liver with heat dissipation from the skin and lungs. [1
Skin Aging & Modern Age Anti-aging Strategies
As the most voluminous organ of the body that is exposed to the outer environment, the skin suffers from both intrinsic and extrinsic aging factors. Skin aging is characterized by features such as wrinkling, loss of elasticity, laxity, and rough-textured appearance. This aging process is accompanied with phenotypic changes in cutaneous cells as well as structural and functional changes in extracellular matrix components such as collagens and elastin. With intrinsic aging, structural changes occur in the skin as a natural consequence of the biological changes over time and produce a certain number of histological, physiological, and biochemical modifications. Intrinsic aging is determined genetically (influence of gender and ethnic group), variable in function of skin site, and also influenced by hormonal changes. Visually it is characterized by fine wrinkles. By comparison, "photoaging" is the term used to describe the changes occurring in the skin, resulting from repetitive exposure to sunlight. The histological, physiological, and biochemical changes in the different layers of the skin are much more drastic. From a mechanical point of view, human skin appears as a layered composite containing the stiff thin cover layer presented by the stratum corneum, below which are the more compliant layers of viable epidermis and dermis and further below the much more compliant adjacent layer of subcutaneous white adipose tissue.
Procreation - is it Only the DNA? Origin of the Races
This article discusses procreation and provides scientific evidence that procreation involves not only the DNA. When all the DNA was removed from an unfertilized tadpole cell and then with special equipment information projected from a fully developed tadpole -a tadpole developed. Obviously, information for the development of a fertilized cell into an embryo exists. The type of field created by the special equipment was nonlinear electromagnetic field (NEMF) and this is the weak (informational) field the author of this article measured for almost 40 years. (The weak (informational) electromagnetic field must be nonlinear not to dissipate). The idea that such informational field must exist can be traced back to Aristotle and was vigorously supported by the renowned biologist Rupert Sheldrake who called it "morphogenetic field". More scientific findings prove the presence and existence of such informational field (NEMF). Based on DNA studies of the human genes, the author claims that the different appearance of different races came from adaptation to the different climate of different places on planet Earth.
Neurofibroma of Tongue - A Rare Case Report
Neurogenic tumors are rare in the oral cavity. Neurofibroma is a rare benign nonodontogenic tumor which may present either as a solitary lesion or as part of the generalized syndrome of neurofibromatosis or von Recklinghausen's disease (VRD) of the skin. The rarity of benign lingual tumors and their distinctive histopathological features have prompted us to report this case.
Robotic Resection of a Posterior Mediastinal Unicentric Castleman's Tumor
Castleman's disease is a rare lymphoproliferative disease, that can either be unicentric or multicentric in presentation. It can affect various sites such as chest, neck, abdomen, and many others. Unicentric Castleman's disease commonly affects the mediastinum, arising in the anterior and middle compartment and less commonly the posterior compartment. Patients affected with the disease are usually asymptomatic, however, they may present with non-specific symptoms such as cough and dyspnea. The treatment of Unicetric Castleman's disease is surgical resection. In this case report we present a case of posterior mediastinal unicentric Castleman's tumor, which was completely resected via robotic surgery.
The Current Role of Woodman's Arytenoidectomy in Treating Bilateral Abductor Vocal Cord Palsy
bilateral abductor vocal cord palsy (bavcp)