Urinary Excretion and Renal Clearance of Allopurinol in Male Gout Patients

Dr. Bilal Ahmed; Tahira Iqbal; Farah Latif; Imtiaz Sohail

Authors

Dr. Bilal Ahmed
Tahira Iqbal
Farah Latif
Imtiaz Sohail

Keywords:

Abstract

Drugs removed from the body either without changing from its original form or in the form of its metabolite. Allopurinol drug decreases uric acid level in blood and it is used for the treatment of gout and tumor lysis syndrome. Allopurinol and its active metabolite oxipurinol stop the function of xanthine oxidase which forms uric acid from xanthine and hypoxanthine. In this study a quantitative assay using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UVdetection was used as a method for quantification of allopurinol and oxipurinol in human serum and urine samples of gout patients after allopurinol administration. The urinary excretion and renal clearance was determined in male gout patients. Blood and urine samples of the human male patients of gout (n=10) after the oral administration of 300 mg drug were taken at different time intervals. Results of this study show that there is slow metabolism of allopurinol inside body due to its extensive bonding with blood proteins. Statistical analysis was performed by expressing all the data as mean and ± standard error of mean. The effect of p H and diuresis on renal clearance of allopurinol was studied by regression analysis.

Downloads

How to Cite

Urinary Excretion and Renal Clearance of Allopurinol in Male Gout Patients. (2013). Global Journal of Medical Research, 13(23), 1-3. https://medicalresearchjournal.org/index.php/GJMR/article/view/

Download Citation

Author Biography

Dr. Bilal Ahmed

Bilal Ahmed is affiliated with the University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan, specifically with the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry. He has engaged in research related to drug metabolism and molecular biology and holds a Ph.D. degree.

References

Avram, Z., E. Krishnan (2008) E Krishnan 2008 where nephrology meets rheumatology. 47, 960-964.

Ki Choi, Jong Lee, Su Kim, Nam Kim, Kyoung Moon, Kwang Park, Hee Bom, Young Kang (1993) Cimetidine Improves the Accuracy of Creatinine Clearance as an Indicator for Glomerular Filtration Rate. 8(1), 28-34. https://doi.org/10.3904/kjim.1993.8.1.28

N. David (2004) High-performance liquid chromatography in pharmaceutical bioanalysis. 8, 213-214.

L. Domenico, S. Gioia, G. Ciofani, F. Cuccurullo (1998) Antioxidant activity of allopurinol on copper-catalysed human lipoprotein oxidation. 409, 265-268.

E. Dowling, F. Prasna, D. Tongella (2001) Inhibitory action of allopurinol. 7, 713-719.

W. Ganong (2005) Allopurinol excretory mechanism. 7, 697-699.

A. Guyton, J. Hall (2000) Drug metabolism. 301, 306-307.

K. Hande, R. Noone, W. Stone (1984) severe allopurinol toxicity: Description and guidelines for prevention in patients with renal insufficiency. Am J. 76, 47-56.

K. Hande, E. Reed, B. Chabner (1998) Structural analysis of allopurinol. Clin. 23, 598-605.

T. Iwanaga, D. Kobayashi, M. Hirayama (2005) Metabolic products of allopurinol. Drug Metab. 33, 1791-1795.

M. Jeffrey, J. Brian, B. Shillingstad, D. Youngelman, M. Schweitzer, R. Lash (1998) Pretreatment with allopurinol diminishes pancreatography-induced pancreatitis in a canine model. 48, 180-183.

O. Konrad, L. Bonafe, B. Steinmann (2002) Remark on utility and error rates of the allopurinol test in detecting mild ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency. 76, 71-75.

J. Lin, S. Auricle, M. Pasanen, R. Juvonen (1988) D-Isomer of gly-tyr-pro-cys-pro-his-pro peptide: a novel and sensitive in vitro trapping agent to detect reactive metabolites by electrospray mass spectrometry. 25, 411-425.

K. Mattheus, L. Reinders, N. Nijdam (2007) A simple method for quantification of allopurinol and oxipurinol in human serum by high-performance liquid chromatography with UV-detection. 45, 312-317.

M. Namazi (2004) Cetirizine and allopurinol as novel weapons against cellular autoimmune disorders. 4(3), 349-353. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2004.01.022

I. Perez, I. Hernando, Villar (2005) Basic clinical importance of drugs.

A. Rodolfo, R. Juvencio (2003) Density functional theory study of the free and cobalt-coordinated allopurinol ligand. 11, 91-109.

D. Seldin (2004) The development of the clearance concept. 17.

Akira Shoji, Hisashi Yamanaka, Naoyuki Kamatani (2004) A retrospective study of the relationship between serum urate level and recurrent attacks of gouty arthritis: Evidence for reduction of recurrent gouty arthritis with antihyperuricemic therapy. 51(3), 321-325. https://doi.org/10.1002/art.20405

L. Stamp, P. Gow, K. Sharples, N. Aust (2000) Basics of clearance concept in humans. J. 30, 567-572.

R. Steel, J. Torrie, D. Dickey (2001) Principles and procedures of statistics: A biochemical approach. 3, 877-879.

M. Takada, H (2005) Effect of allopurinol and benzbromarone on the concentration of uridine in plasma J Clin Pharm. 30, 407-412.

Y. Tetsuya, Y. Moriwaki, S. Takahashi, Z. Tsutsumi, J. Yamakita, K. Higashino (1997) Effect of allopurinol and benzbromarone on the concentration of uridine in plasma. 46, 1473-1476.

M. Veller, J. Botha, R. Britz, G. Gecelter, P. Beale, L. Margolius, K. Meyers (1994) Renal allograft preservation: A comparison of University of Wisconsin solution and of hypothermic continuous pulsatile perfusion. 8, 297-300.