Comparative Antimicrobial Activity of Ethanol and Hexane Leaf Extracts of Ficus Exasperata on Five Microbial Isolates

Godwill Azeh Engwa

Authors

Godwill Azeh Engwa

Keywords:

ficus exasperata, antimicrobial activity, ethanol, hexane, extract, phytochemicals, microbial isolates

Abstract

This study evaluated the antimicrobial activity of Ficus exasperata and compared the efficacy of ethanol and hexane extracts on five microbial isolates. To ascertain the set objective, after extraction with ethanol and hexane, the disk and well diffusion agar methods were employed to investigate the antimicrobial activity of the extracts and its minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations. A phytochemical screening was done for the confirmation of the result and the data was statistically analysed.

Downloads

How to Cite

Comparative Antimicrobial Activity of Ethanol and Hexane Leaf Extracts of Ficus Exasperata on Five Microbial Isolates. (2015). Global Journal of Medical Research, 15(B1), 21-28. https://medicalresearchjournal.org/index.php/GJMR/article/view/874

Download Citation

References

Robert Pinner, L Teutsch, L Simonsen, J Klug, M Graber, R Berkelman (1996) Trends in Infectious Diseases Mortality in the United States. 275(3), 189.

C Murry, A Lopez (1997) Mortality by cause for eight regions of the world: global burden of disease study. 349, 1269-1276.

S Shira (2008) An introduction to infectious diseases.

E Kenrad (2014) Epidermiology of Infectious disease: General principles, Jones and Bartlett publishers. 08.

A El-Mahmood, J Doughari, N Ladan (2008) Antimicrobial screening of stem bark extracts of Vitellaria paradoxa against some enteric pathogenic micro-organisms. 2(5), 89-94.

C Dawson (2013) P155: Technologies to measure hand hygiene: examining the incorporation of the World Health Organisation (WHO) 5 moments. 2(Suppl 1), P155.

K Sanjoy (2003) Yogeshwer S. Herbal Medicine: Current Status and the Future. 4, 281-288.

J Rivera, A Loya, R Ceballos (2013) Use of Herbal Medicines and Implications for Conventional Drug Therapy Medical Sciences. 2, 6.

N Mshana, D Abbiw, I Addae-Mensah, E Adjanohoun, Mra Ahyi (2014) Traditional Medicine and Pharmacopoeia: Contribution to the Revision ethanobotanical and floristic studies in Ghana. 1st edition, Organization of African Unity/Scientific.

P Akah, O Orisakwe, K Gamaniel, A Shittu (1998) Evaluation of Nigerian traditional medicines: II. Effects of some folk remedies on peptic ulcer. 62, 123-127.

(1969) Catalogue of the library of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

T Abbiw (1990) Case study 1: Cement plant. 23, 591-602.

H Burkill (1997) The useful plants of tropical West Africa. 43rd Ed.

E Woode, R Poku, Wkm Abotsi (2011) Anticonvulsant effects of a leaf extract of Ficus exasperata Vahl (Moraceae) in Mice. 7(3), 405-409.

Wmk Abotsi, E Woode, A Ainooson, A Amo-Baromah, E Boakye-Gyasi (2010) Antiathritic and antioxidant effects of the leaf extract of Ficus exasperata P. Beauv (Moraceae). 2, 89-97.

B Ayinde, E Mogbai, Amaechina, Fc (2007) Pharmacognosy and hypotensive evaluation of Ficus exasperata Vahl (Moraceae) leaf. 64, 543-546.

Castel-Branco, M.M., Alves, G.L., Figueiredo, I.V., Falcao, A.C., Caramona, M.M. (2009) The maximal electroshock seizure (MES) model in the preclinical assessment of potential new antiepileptic drugs. 31(2), 101.

I Ijeh, A Ukweni (2007) Acute effect of administration of ethanol extracts of Ficus exasperata Vahl (Moraceae) on kidney function in Albino rats. 1, 27-29.

E Woode, R Poku, G Ainooson, E Boakye-Gyasi, Wkm Abotsi, T Mensah, A Amo-Baromah (2009) An evaluation of the antiinflammatory, anti-pyretic, and antinociceptive effects of Ficus exasperata Vahl leaf extract. 4, 138-151.

O Odunbaku, O Ilusanya, Akasoro, Ks (2008) Antibacterial activity of ethanolic leaf extract of Ficus exasperata on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus albus. 3(11), 562-564.

A Buniyamin, Kiq Eric, C Fabian (2007) Pharmacognosy and Hypotensive evaluation of Ficus exasperata Vahl (moraceae) leave. 64(6), 543-546.

M Sonibare, A Isiaka, M Taruka, N Williams, M Soladoye, O Emmanuel (2006) Constituents of Ficus exasperata leaves. 23-26.

E Williamson (2001) Synergy and other interactions in phytomedicines. 8(5), 401-409.

M Berenbaum (1989) What is synergy?. 41, 93-141.

A Engwa, P Nnamdi, J Nnadi, T Offor, B Eze (2013) Comparative Qualitative Analysis of the Phytochemical Load of Water, Methanol, Ethyl Acetate and Hexane Extracts of Six Selected Medicinal Plants. 5(3), 164-167.

B Lapornik, M Prosek, A Wondra (2005) Comparison of extracts prepared from plant by products using different solvents and extraction time. 71, 214-222.

E Adebayo, Ishiola (2009) Evaluations of the methanolic extract of Ficus exasperata stem, bark, leaf and root for phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial activities. 3(12), 283-287.

B Adeniyi, H Odelola, B Oso (1996) Antimicrobial potential of Diospyros mesiliforus (Ebenaceae). 255, 221-224.

J Robbers, M Speedie, V Tyler (1996) Pharmacognosy and Pharmacobiotechnology. 1-14.

A Sofawa (1993) Medicinal And traditional medicine in Africa. 2, 142-146.

G Trease, W Evans (1989) Trease and Evans' Pharmacognosy. 257.

Jb ; Harbone, Mbakwem (1973) Effects of Ficus Exasperata Vahl on Common Dermatophytes and Causative Agent of Pityriasis Versicolor in Rivers State, Nigeria. 1(1), 1-5.

N Ncube, A Afolayan, A Okoh (2008) Assessment techniques of antimicrobial properties of natural compounds of plant origin: current methods and future trends. 7(12), 1797-1806.

K Das, Rks Tiwari, D Shrivastava (2010) Techniques for evaluation of medicinal plant products as antimicrobial agent: Current methods and future trends. 4(2), 104-111.

F Chinedu, U Uyai, A Emezie, A Utoh-Nedosa (2012) Anti-diarrhoeal, antispasmodic and phytochemical properties of ethanol extract of the leaves of Ficus exasperate. 2(1), 26-32.

I Lawal, T Borokini, A Oyeleye, O Williams, J Olayemi (2012) Evaluation of Extract of Ficus Exasperata Vahl Root Bark for Antimicrobial Activities Against Some Strains of Clinical Isolates of Bacteria and Fungi. 2(1), 6-12.

Osamuyimen Igbinosa, Isoken Igbinosa, Vincent Chigor, Olohirere Uzunuigbe, Sunday Oyedemi, Emmanuel Odjadjare, Anthony Okoh, Etinosa Igbinosa (2009) Polyphenolic Contents and Antioxidant Potential of Stem Bark Extracts from Jatropha curcas (Linn). 12(5), 2958-2971.

Mandana Bimakr, Russly Rahman, Farah Taip, Ali Ganjloo, Liza Salleh, Jinap Selamat, Azizah Hamid, I Zaidul (2010) Comparison of different extraction methods for the extraction of major bioactive flavonoid compounds from spearmint (Mentha spicata L.) leaves. 89(1), 67-72.

J Eloff (1998) Which extractant should be used for the screening and isolation of antimicrobial components from plants. 60, 1-8.

S Handa, Sps Khanuja, G Longo, D Rakesh (2008) Extraction Technologies for Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. 21-25.

G Wang (2010) vivo anthelmintic activity of five alkaloids from Macleaya microcarpa (Maxim) Fedde.