Community Acquired Urinary Tract Infection Prevalence in a Tertiary Institution Based in Evbuobanosa, Edo State, Nigeria

Abstract

The prevalence rate of asymptomatic UTI among students of a community tertiary institution based in Evbuobanosa near Benin City, Nigeria was the focus of this work. A total of 390 freshly voided midstream urine samples collected into sterile plastic screw capped universal containers containing boric acid as preservative from students aged between 15 - 30 years were used for the study. Samples were screened for significant bacteriuria and puscells (neutrophil) counts. All positive samples with pyuria were aseptically cultured by standard methods on sterile Cystine Lactose Electrolyte Deficient (CLED) agar, MacConkey agar and Sabouraud Dextrose agar plates and incubated appropriately. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done on isolated and identified uropathogens by Kirby - Bauer agar diffusion disc method. While 231(59.2%) samples yielded bacterial growth, 159(40.8%) yielded no growth. The uropathogens isolated included Staphylococcus aureus (33.1%), Escherichia coli (20.8%), coagulase negative Staphylococci (15.6%), Klebsiella aerogenes (7.9%), Coliform organisms (7.9%), Candida albicans (7.9%) and Proteus spp (6.8%) of which gram negative bacilli and gram positive bacteria accounted for 43.4% and 48.7% respectively. Candida albicans, a fungal uropathogen accounted for 7.9%. Occurrence of UTI in male and female students was 57.1% and 42.9% respectively of which UTI occurred highest in the 21 - 25 age group. More than 50% of isolated bacterial strains were sensitive to gentamicin only with more than 90% resistant to augmentin and nalidixic acid. Staph aureus, Kleb aerogenes, Coliform organisms and Proteus spp were multidrug resistant as they resisted 4, 7, 5 and 7 drugs respectively. Findings emphasize the need for regular and routine isolation of uropathogens in health institutions and subjection of same to invitro antibiotic sensitivity testing in order to obtain updated antibiograms of UTI pathogens. This will address the emergence of resistance genes and reduce healthcare cost and long stay in hospitals.