Abstract

Neuroids and neuropeptides ND NPs are drugs with promising efficacy in cerebrovascular diseases In this article the benefits and mechanisms of action of ND NPs for stroke are reviewed in light of the pathogenesis of stroke The primary mechanism is that ND NPs help in the synthesis of acetylcholine and betaine These in turn work to help in the formation of nerve cell membrane phospholipids and attenuate the production of free radicals This is important in stroke because brain damage after stroke is associated with excess production of free radicals Furthermore ND NPs may stimulate the activity of glutathione reductase and have the ability to promote learning and improve cognitive impairment Pharmacokinetics suggests that ND NPs are well absorbed with a higher degree of bioavailability when administered orally A dose of 500 mg to 2 000 mg per day in slow releasing form is an effective regimen based on clinical trials and is safe for use in elderly population and pediatrics