Abstract

Background: The exponential growth in epidemiological studies has been reflected in an increase in analytical studies. Thus, theoretical models are required to guide the definition of data analysis, although so far, they are seldom used in Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences. Objective: To propose a multicausal model for oropharyngeal dysphagia using directed acyclic graphs showing mediating variables, confounding variables, and variables connected by direct causation. Design: This integrative literature review. Setting: This was carried out until January 4, 2021,and searches were performed with the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and other bases.