Physical Neuro-Urological Examination in Patients with Spinal Cord Injury Revisited
Keywords:
Abstract
Objectives: To show that combining neuro-urological examinations in the lumbosacral area permit to refine the neurological diagnosis by evaluating ascending and descending spinal cord pathways, sacral reflex arcs and the status of the related muscles. Setting: University Antwerp Belgium. Methods: Evaluation of perineal sensation with light digital touch (SENSPER), anal sphincter tone(AST) and voluntary contraction (ASC), anal reflex (ASR), bulbocavernosus reflex (BCR) were done in patients with SCI as part of pre urodynamic testing. Results: 121 individuals were included, 80 males and 41 females, age 46 ± 16 years old, with different levels and completeness of SCI, determined with ASIA/ISCoS International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury (ISNCSCI). The examination was done 6.6 ± 12 years post lesion. The findings did not differ between gender or age, except that ASR was more frequently absent in women and ASC diminished with increasing age.
Downloads
- Article PDF
- TEI XML Kaleidoscope (download in zip)* (Beta by AI)
- Lens* NISO JATS XML (Beta by AI)
- HTML Kaleidoscope* (Beta by AI)
- DBK XML Kaleidoscope (download in zip)* (Beta by AI)
- LaTeX pdf Kaleidoscope* (Beta by AI)
- EPUB Kaleidoscope* (Beta by AI)
- MD Kaleidoscope* (Beta by AI)
- FO Kaleidoscope* (Beta by AI)
- BIB Kaleidoscope* (Beta by AI)
- LaTeX Kaleidoscope* (Beta by AI)
How to Cite
References
J Wyndaele, D Vodusek (2015) Approach to the male patient with lower urinary tract dysfunction. 143-164.
A Comarr (1959) THE PRACTICAL UROLOGICAL MANAGEMENT OF THE PATIENT WITH SPINAL CORD INJURY. 31(1), 1-46.
S Kirshblum, F Biering-Sorensen, R Betz, S Burns, W Donovan, D Graves, M Johansen, L Jones, M Mulcahey, G Rodriguez, M Schmidt-Read, J Steeves, K Tansey, W Waring (2014) International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury: Cases with classification challenges. 37(2), 120-127.
N Finnerup, C Gyldensted, A Fuglsang-Frederiksen, F Bach, T Jensen (2004) Sensory perception in complete spinal cord injury. 109(3), 194-199.
T Katner, E Kasarskis (2014) Muscles tone: Encyclopedia of the neurological sciences, second edition. 194-196.
Mélanie Morin, Yitzchak Binik, Daniel Bourbonnais, Samir Khalifé, Stéphane Ouellet, Sophie Bergeron (2017) Heightened Pelvic Floor Muscle Tone and Altered Contractility in Women with Provoked Vestibulodynia. 14(4), 592-600.
A Malouf, M Kamm (2001) A winking anus may signify spinal injury. 48(5), 728-729.
Wei Sun, Nicholas Read, T Donnelly (1990) Anorectal function in incontinent patients with cerebrospinal disease. 99(5), 1372-1379.
M Zakari, J Nee, W Hirsch, B Kuo, A Lembo, K Staller (2017) Gender differences in chronic constipation on anorectal motility. 29(4).
M Nielsen, J Pedersen (1996) Changes in the Anal Sphincter with Age. 37(1P1), 357-361.
N Vásquez, S Knight, J Susser, A Gall, P Ellaway, M Craggs (2015) Pelvic floor muscle training in spinal cord injury and its impact on neurogenic detrusor over-activity and incontinence. 53, 887-889.
W Campbell (2013) The superficial (cutaneous) reflexes. 581.
G Rodriguez, J King, S Stiens (2011) Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 619-639.
William Donovan (2018) The importance of the anal exam in neurologic classification of spinal cord injury. 4(1), 4.
David Vodušek (2008) Neural Control of Pelvic Floor Muscles. 22-35.
E Bors, A Comarr (1971) Chapter II Micturition. 31-60.
Jack Lapides, J Bobbitt (1956) DIAGNOSTIC VALUE OF BULBOCAVERNOUS REFLEX. 162(10), 971.
Claire Yang, William Bradley (1999) INNERVATION OF THE HUMAN GLANS PENIS. 161(1), 97-102.
Zhaoxia Wang, Han Deng, Xing Li, Limin Liao (2021) The Video-Urodynamic and Electrophysiological Characteristics in Patients With Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury. 25(4), 327-336.
Jerry Blaivas, A Zayed, Kamal Labib (1981) The Bulbocavernosus Reflex in Urology: A Prospective Study of 299 Patients. 126(2), 197-199.
Jean Wyndaele, Jörgen Quaghebeur, Michel Wyndaele (2022) What is the clinical meaning of a negative bulbocavernosus reflex in spinal cord injury patients?. 8(1), 24.
Jean Previnaire, Marcalee Alexander (2020) The sacral exam-what is needed to best care for our patients?. 6(1).
J Wyndaele (1997) Correlation between clinical neurological data and urodynamic function in spinal cord injured patients. 35(4), 213-216.
Brigitte Schurch, Daniel Schmid, Karen Kaegi (2003) Value of sensory examination in predicting bladder function in patients with T12-L1 fractures and spinal cord injury. 84(1), 83-89.
M Alexander, C Carr, Y Chen, A Mclain (2017) The use of the neurologic exam to predict awareness and control of lower urinary tract function post SCI. 55(9), 840-843.
S Moslavac, I Dzidić, A Moslavac, P Vlahek, Z Filipan (2014) Uroloska disfunkcija u osoba s ozljedom kraljeznicne mozdine [Urinary tract dysfunction in spinal cord injury patients. 136, 147-152.
J Soler, J Previnaire, G Amarenco (2017) Dartos reflex as autonomic assessment in persons with spinal cord injury. 3(1), 17097.
Chiara Pavese, Marc Schneider, Martin Schubert, Armin Curt, Giorgio Scivoletto, Enrico Finazzi-Agrò, Ulrich Mehnert, Doris Maier, Rainer Abel, Frank Röhrich, Norbert Weidner, Rüdiger Rupp, Alfons Kessels, Lucas Bachmann, Thomas Kessler (2016) Prediction of Bladder Outcomes after Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury: A Longitudinal Cohort Study. 13(6), e1002041.
Giorgio Scivoletto, Chiara Pavese, Lucas Bachmann, Martin Schubert, Armin Curt, Enrico Finazzi Agro, Alfons Kessels, Thomas Kessler (2018) Prediction of bladder outcomes after ischemic spinal cord injury: A longitudinal cohort study from the European multicenter study about spinal cord injury. 37(5), 1779-1784.
Published
2022-08-26
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Authors and Global Journals Private Limited
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.