Abstract

Heart failure prevalence is raising throughout the world The overall prevalence of HF is thought to be increasing because current therapies for cardiac disorders such as Myocardial Infarction MI Valvular Heart Disease and Arrhythmias are allowing patients to survive longer American Heart Association AHA guidelines define HF as a Complex clinical syndrome that results from structural or functional impairment of ventricular filling or ejection of blood which in turn leads to the cardinal clinical symptoms of dyspnea and fatigue and signs of HF namely edema and rales Making the correct diagnosis in patients with Suspected Acute Heart Failure is challenging and confirmatory in only 40-50 of Cases Several Studies have shown that when added to routine history Clinical Examination and Conventional investigations measurement of plasma natriuretic peptide levels improve diagnostic accuracy B-type natriuretic peptides BNP that are synthesized by the left and right atria in response to cardiomyocyte stretching The human BNP gene encodes a 108 amino acid pro hormone named proBNP