Abstract

The progress in foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccine production directed primarily towards the safety of the vaccine, purity of the antigen, selection of proper additives, as adjuvant and preservative. Thimerosal (Merthiolate) has been used as a preservative since 1930. Nevertheless, it is important to note that Thiomersal itself proved to be very toxic because it contains mercury. Hence, the current article discussed the cause and the prevention measures of the pyrogen-free colored sediment that might appear in the vaccine formula. Where the etiology might appear in the biological product was approached and solved. Besides, 2-phenoxyethanol examined as an alternative preservative in FMD vaccine, where it showed safety and efficacy as substitutional.