Infiltration of Leukocytes into the Human Ejaculate and its Association with Semen Quality and Oxidative Stress with Sperm Function, and Leukocytospermia Management
Keywords:
leukocytes function and location, female reproductive tract, male reproductive tract, leucocytes and male fertility, management of leucocytospermia
Abstract
Leukocytes are white blood cells that are specialised in initiating an immune response against pathogens. There are several types of leukocytes in the human body with various functions; also, leukocytes can be found in different parts of the body, protecting against pathogens. In the male reproductive system, leukocytes can be detected through many methods, and it has been shown the effectiveness of those leukocytes in defending the reproductive system. Yet, the high level of leukocytes can generate reactive oxygen species that can harm the sperms. Moreover, a high level of leukocytes can lead to a condition called leukocytospermia, which can point to low fertilisation, pregnancy and embryo development rate. Accordingly, this article will discuss the potential harm of high leukocytes level, in addition to the management and treatment of leukocytospermia.
Downloads
- Article PDF
- TEI XML Kaleidoscope (download in zip)* (Beta by AI)
- Lens* NISO JATS XML (Beta by AI)
- HTML Kaleidoscope* (Beta by AI)
- DBK XML Kaleidoscope (download in zip)* (Beta by AI)
- LaTeX pdf Kaleidoscope* (Beta by AI)
- EPUB Kaleidoscope* (Beta by AI)
- MD Kaleidoscope* (Beta by AI)
- FO Kaleidoscope* (Beta by AI)
- BIB Kaleidoscope* (Beta by AI)
- LaTeX Kaleidoscope* (Beta by AI)
How to Cite
References
R Raskin, K Latimer, H Tvedten (2004) Leukocyte Disorders. 63-91.
A Tigner, S Ibrahim, I Murray (2020) 1. Urban Reinventions. 3-25.
Erica Mckenzie (2014) Hematology and serum biochemistry of the equine athlete. 921-929.
Anika Al-Shura (2014) Immune System 1. 29-31.
D Bishop (2021) Why are there blood types? why did the antigens develop in the first place? what account for difference in blood types? What account for larger number of rarer non-abo blood types? what role blood types have in fighting disease?. 7(4).
R Norman, N Bonello, M Jasper, K Van Der Hoek (1997) Leukocytes: essential cells in ovarian function and ovulation. 6(2), 97-111.
A Rossi, R Aitken (1997) Interactions between Leukocytes and the Male Reproductive System. 245-252.
C Barratt, A Bolton, I Cooke (1990) Functional significance of white blood cells in the male and female reproductive tract. 5(6), 639-648.
Chai Ooi, Dutta, & Sulagna, Pallav Sengupta (2020) Role of leucocytes in reproductive tract infections and male infertility. 7, 124-130.
M Tomlinson, A White, C Barratt, A Bolton, I Cooke (1992) The removal of morphologically abnormal sperm forms by phagocytes: a positive role for seminal leukocytes?. 7(4), 517-522.
Ch. De Geyter, M De Geyter, H Behre, H Schneider, E Nieschlag (1994) Peroxidase‐positive round cells and microorganisms in human semen together with antibiotic treatment adversely influence the outcome of in‐vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. 17(3), 127-134.
R Henkel, U Offor, D Fisher (2020) The role of infections and leukocytes in male infertility. 53(1).
Hillary Wagner, Julie Cheng, Edmund Ko (2018) Role of reactive oxygen species in male infertility: An updated review of literature. 16(1), 35-43.
Teppei Takeshima, Shinnosuke Kuroda, Yasushi Yumura (2018) Reactive Oxygen Species and Sperm Cells.
Seda Yilmaz, Meral Koyuturk, Gulleyla Kilic, Olcay Alpak, Ayse Aytoz (2005) Effects of leucocytospermia on semen parameters and outcomes of intracytoplasmic sperm injection. 28(6), 337-342.
Rakesh Sharma, Fabio Pasqualotto, David Nelson, Anthony Jr, Ashok Agarwal (2001) Relationship Between Seminal White Blood Cell Counts and Oxidative Stress in Men Treated at an Infertility Clinic. 22(4), 575-583.
Virginie Barraud-Lange, Jean-Christophe Pont, Khaled Pocate, Jean Kunstmann, Céline Chalas-Boissonas, Béatrice Ducot, Jean Wolf (2011) Seminal leukocytes and clinical outcomes with donor sperm insemination. 96(6), 1320-1324.e1.
G De Bellabarba, I Tortoler (2000) NONSPERM CELLS IN HUMAN SEMEN AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH SEMEN PARAMETERS. 45(3), 131-136.
Jakob Lackner, Ashok Agarwal, Reda Mahfouz, Stefan Du Plessis, Georg Schatzl (2010) The association between leukocytes and sperm quality is concentration dependent. 8(1).
A Rj, K, W, D, B (1994) Leukocytic infiltration into the human ejaculate and its association with semen quality, oxidative stress and sperm function. 15(4).
Trevor Cooper, Barbara Hellenkemper (2010) Improving precision in the assessment of round cell numbers in human semen. 12(1), 111-114.
Jakob Lackner, Isabel Märk, Katharina Sator, Johannes Huber, Michael Sator (2008) Effect of leukocytospermia on fertilization and pregnancy rates of artificial reproductive technologies. 90(3), 869-871.
K Khodamoradi, M Kuchakulla, M Narasimman, Z Khosravizadeh, A Ali, N Brackett, E Ibrahim, R Ramasamy (2020) Laboratory and clinical management of leukocytospermia and hematospermia: a review. 14, 263349412092251.
Jae Jung, Myung Kim, Jiye Kim, Soon Baik, Sang-Baek Koh, Hyun Park, Ju Seo (2016) Treatment of Leukocytospermia in Male Infertility: A Systematic Review. 34(3), 165.
Published
2021-06-11
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Authors and Global Journals Private Limited

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.