Post Control Survey on Prevalence of Bovine Trypanosomosis and Vector Distribution in Ameya District, South West Shewa, Ethiopia

Abstract

A cross sectional study was conducted from February to June, 2013 to determine prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis and population of tsetse and other biting flies, and to assess effects of integrated control strategy implem - ented in the last five years in Ameya district, South West Shewa, Ethiopia. Both primary and secondary data were used. Structured questionnaire survey was conducted by face to face discussion. Buffy coat technique was used for screening followed by thin smear technique for trypanosome species identification. Baited monopyramidail traps were deployed at a distance of 300m apart for 72 hours to catch flies. The district was identified as one of the areas affected by bovine trypanosomosis and infested by tsetse and other biting flies. Integrated control strategy has been implemented to reduce occurrence of the disease and its vectors. From 436 examined animals, 6 (1.4%) were positive. Two species of trypanosome, Trypanosoma brucei (3/6, 50%) and Trypanosoma congolense (2/6, 33.33%) were identified in a single infection while 16.67% (1/6) mixed infection of both species was obtained. There was no statistical significance difference (pgt;0.05) in prevalence of the disease among groups of peasant associations and age, and between sex groups. The mean packed cell volume of parasitemic and aparasitemic cattle was similar. A total of 6236 biting flies, including 6133 (98.35%) Stomoxys, 18 (0.29%) Tabanus, 14 (0.22%) Chrysops and 71 (1.14%) Haematopota were captured. However, tsetse fly was not captured. Statistical significance difference was observed in mean catch of Stomoxys and Tabanus (plt;0.05) in different peasant associations. In conclusion, application of integrated control strategy undertaken in the district resulted in reduction of disease occurrence and tsetse flies. Thus, continuation of the ongoing integrated control strategy and dissemination of the strategy to neighboring districts to limit re-invasion with tsetse flies were recommended.